Английская Википедия:Chashtana
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Indian English Шаблон:Infobox monarch Шаблон:Multiple image
Chashtana (Greek: Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl (epigraphic),[1] Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl;[2] Brahmi: Файл:Gupta ashoka c.svgФайл:Gupta ashoka sstt.jpgФайл:Gupta ashoka n.svg Шаблон:Transl Шаблон:Transl; Kharosthi: Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl, Шаблон:Transl[3]) was a ruler of the Saka Western Satraps in northwestern India during 78-130 CE, when he was the satrap of Ujjain.[4]
Name
Chashtana's name is attested in the Greek forms Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang)[1] and Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang),[2] in the Brahmi form Шаблон:Transl (Файл:Gupta ashoka c.svgФайл:Gupta ashoka sstt.jpgФайл:Gupta ashoka n.svg) and the Kharosthi form Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang),[3] which are derived from the Saka name Шаблон:Lang, meaning "master".[5]
Reign
Among modern scholars, the beginning of the Saka era is widely equated to the ascension of Chashtana (possibly to Mahakshatrapa) in 78 CE.[6]
A statue found in Mathura together with statues of the Kushan king Kanishka and Vima Taktu, and bearing the name "Shastana" (Middle Brahmi script of the Kushan period: Файл:Gupta ashoka ss.svgФайл:Gupta ashoka sta.jpgФайл:Gupta ashoka n.svg Шаблон:IAST) is often attributed to Chashtana himself.[7] Chashtana is called Tisman by the bards, a spelling that matches the Greek rendition of his name more closely.
Chashtana was mentioned by Ptolemy as Шаблон:Transl, ruling a large area of Western India into the 2nd century CE, especially the area of Ujjain ("Ozene"), during the reign of the Satavahana king Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi. According to Ptolemy, Chashtana directly ruled Ujjain, while Paithan (Pratisthana) continued to be ruled by Siristolemaios (identified with Sri Pulumayi, son of Gautamiputra Satakarni).[8] Ptolemy in his "Geographia", where he classifies the Western Satraps as "Indo-Scythians", describes Chashtana's territory as starting from Patalene in the West, to his capital Ujjain in the east ("Ozena-Regia Tiastani", "Ozene, capital of king Chashtana"), and beyond Barigaza in the south:
Chashtana was the grandfather of the great Western Satrap conqueror Rudradaman I. Chashtana was founder of one of the two major Saka Satrap dynasties in north-western India, the Bhadramukhas; the other, short-lived dynasty, the Kshaharatas ("Satraps"), included Bhumaka and Nahapana.[9]
Coinage
The coinage of Chastana combines a corrupted Greek legend on the obverse, around his portrait, and a Brahmi script legend on the reverse around a "Three hills and river" symbol together with the sun and two moons.[1]
Obverse: The obverse in Greek corrupted script typically reads "ΡΑΝΝΙω ΙΑΤΡΑΠAC CIASTANCA", transliteration of the Prakrit Raño Kshatrapasa Chashtana: "King and Satrap Chashtana".[1]
Reverse: The reverse in Early/Middle Brahmi script reads: RAJNO MAHAKSHATRAPASA YSAMOTIKAPUTRASA CHASHTANASA "Of the Rajah, the Great Satrap, son of Ysamotika, Chashtana".[10] This legend is sometimes followed by the name "Chatḥaṇasa" in Kharosthi script.[11]
References
Bibliography
- "The dynastic art of the Kushans", Rosenfield
- Шаблон:Cite book
Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:Succession box Шаблон:S-end Шаблон:Indo-Scythians Шаблон:Western Satraps
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ "The three letters give us a complete name, which I read as Ṣastana (vide facsimile and cast). Dr. Vogel read it as Mastana but that is incorrect for Ma was always written with a circular or triangular knob below with two slanting lines joining the knob" in Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Alain Danielou, A Brief History of India (Inner Traditions, 2003), mentioned here
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
