Английская Википедия:Chemins de fer du Nord
Шаблон:Short description The Chemins de fer du Nord[1][2][3][4] (Шаблон:Lang-fr or CF du Nord), (Шаблон:Lang-en) often referred to simply as the Nord company, was a rail transport company founded in September 1845 in Paris. It was owned by, among others, de Rothschild Frères of France, N M Rothschild & Sons of London, Charles Laffitte and Edward Blount, and Baron Jean–Henri Hottinguer.[5] Baron James de Rothschild served as the company's president from its inception until his death in 1868.
History
A royal ordnance, dated 10 September 1845, granted the CF du Nord a concession to build a railway from Paris to Valenciennes and Lille, with branch lines to Dunkirk and Calais, and lines from Creil to Saint-Quentin and Fampoux to Hazebrouck. From the Gare du Nord, the station the company built in Paris, the Paris–Lille railway led north towards Belgium, connecting to Amiens, Douai and Lille in 1846, with a branch line from Douai to Valenciennes.[5] Lille and Valenciennes had already been connected to the Belgian railway network in 1842.[6] The new line made it possible to travel by train from Paris to Brussels and further.
The network was rapidly expanded in the following years:[6]
| Railway line | Opened |
|---|---|
| Paris–Lille railway | 1846–1859 |
| Douai–Valenciennes railway | 1846 |
| Longueau–Boulogne railway | 1847–1848 |
| Creil–Jeumont railway | 1847–1855 |
| Lille–Fontinettes railway | 1848–1849 |
| Arras–Dunkirk railway | 1848–1862 |
| Amiens–Laon railway | 1857–1867 |
| Creil–Beauvais railway | 1857 |
| Hautmont–Mons railway | 1858 |
| Chemin de Fer de la Somme | 1858 |
| Busigny–Somain railway | 1858 |
| Paris–Hirson railway | 1860–1871 |
| Lens–Ostricourt railway | 1860 |
| Chantilly–Crépy-en-Valois railway | 1862–1870 |
| Lille–Tournai railway | 1865 |
| Boulogne–Calais railway | 1867 |
| Rouen–Amiens railway | 1867 |
Competition
The potential for expansion of the CF du Nord territory was limited by other companies: the Chemins de fer de l'Ouest to its south-west, and the Chemins de fer de l'Est to its east. By opening a line from Paris to Hirson via Soissons and Laon from 1860 to 1871, the CF du Nord protected its eastern border against CF de l'Est expansion. The concession for the line from Creil to Beauvais, owned by CF de l'Est predecessor Chemins de fer des Ardennes, was exchanged for the Nord's concession for Laon–Reims in 1855.[5]
In 1937, the CF du Nord was nationalised, as were the other main railway companies, to become part of the Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF).
Activity
In 1926, in conjunction with the British Southern Railway, the CF du Nord began running a regular luxury passenger train, Golden Arrow/Fleche d'Or, from London to Paris. Four containers were used to transport of passengers' baggage. These containers were loaded in London or Paris and carried to the ports of Dover or Calais, on flat cars in the UK, and "CIWL Pullman Golden Arrow Fourgon of CIWL" in France.[7]
In the arts
In 1855, Baron Rothschild commissioned photographer Edouard Baldus to take a series of photographs of the various landmarks on the railway line between Boulogne-sur-Mer and Paris. The photographs were used to create an album for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, as a souvenir of their visit to France that year. The album can be seen in the photographic collection in the Royal Archives at Windsor Castle.
Locomotives of the Nord
References
External links
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Rothschilds Шаблон:SNCF constituents Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Bulletin of the International Railway Congress Association, Vol. 26, p. 39 (1912).
- ↑ Hollingsworth, Brian (2000). The Illustrated Directory of Trains of the World, p. 49, Salamander Books, MBI, Osceola. Шаблон:ISBN.
- ↑ The Railway Age, Vol. 39, p. 688, Wilson Company. (1905).
- ↑ French locomotive built in 1846 Шаблон:Webarchive at National Railway Museum website. Retrieved 28 July 2013
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
