Английская Википедия:Cheng Dan'an
Шаблон:Family name hatnote Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox person Cheng Dan'an (Шаблон:Zh; 1899Шаблон:Spaced ndash10 July 1957) was a Chinese acupuncturist who founded the first school of acupuncture in modern China, made widespread changes to the practice, and served as chairperson of the Chinese Medical Association.
Career
Cheng was born in 1899 in Jiangyin, Jiangsu.Шаблон:Sfn He first developed an interest in acupuncture in 1923, after suffering from severe lower back pain which was relieved by his father's acupuncture.Шаблон:Sfn He attended the Tokyo College of Acupuncture in Japan,Шаблон:Sfn before establishing the first school of acupuncture in modern China.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The Jiangsu-based China Acupuncture Research Centre (Шаблон:Lang) was open from 1930 till the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937,Шаблон:Sfn by which time it had been renamed the China Acupuncture Technical College (Шаблон:Lang), implying that its degrees were accredited by the state.Шаблон:Sfn The school had its own publishing arm that produced numerous acupuncture-related works, many of which were authored by Cheng.Шаблон:Sfn Cheng also began the first acupuncture journal, Zhenjiu zazhi (Шаблон:Lang, literally Journal of Acupuncture), in 1933.Шаблон:Sfn
During the war, Cheng fled to Chongqing. He returned to Jiangsu in 1947 to discover that his acupuncture school had been destroyed;Шаблон:Sfn it was re-established in 1951 in Suzhou.Шаблон:Sfn In 1954, he served as a member of the Provincial People's Congress and headed the Jiangsu Provincial Congress of Chinese Medicine.Шаблон:Sfn The same year, he was appointed as director of a Nanjing-based school that would eventually be named the Jiangsu College of Chinese Medicine.Шаблон:Sfn In 1955, he was elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences and appointed as the Chinese Medical Association's vice-chairperson and, subsequently, chairperson.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Cheng suffered from ill health in his final years; he died of a heart attack on 10 July 1957 in Suzhou, at the reported age of 59.Шаблон:Sfn
Acupuncture reforms
Writing in his 1931 treatise Zhongguo zhenjiu zhiliao xue (Шаблон:Lang, literally Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapeutics), Cheng laments that "the pathways of acupuncture points recorded by our forebears are mostly lacking in detail".Шаблон:Sfn His book was therefore an attempt at "(redefining) acupuncture points and meridians to correlate more closely with peripheral nerve distributions" in order to give acupuncture more credibility.Шаблон:Sfn The book, which was partly inspired by Song dynasty writings on acupuncture,Шаблон:Sfn was positively received upon its release and went into its eighth edition by May 1937.Шаблон:Sfn
Cheng made radical changes to the practice of acupuncture. Whereas acupuncture had previously been performed in tandem with bloodletting, so as to allow a "smooth flow" in the blood vessels, Cheng argued that acupuncture that resulted in blood being drawn was the product of an inept practitioner.Шаблон:Sfn Additionally, Cheng sought to uncouple acupuncture from astrology and divination. He refrained from thinking of time in terms of yin and yang, and considered the tradition of treating men and women on their left and right sides respectively to be mere superstition.Шаблон:Sfn Crucially, Cheng dispensed with bodkins and scalpels, instead preferring to perform acupuncture with the now-ubiquitous filiform metal needles.Шаблон:Sfn
According to Alexandra Dimitrova, Cheng is "widely considered the father of modern acupuncture".Шаблон:Sfn Bridie Andrews writes in The Making of Modern Chinese Medicine (2014): "Cheng Dan'an rescued Chinese acupuncture from superstition and oblivion, paving the way for scientific acupuncture to raise the status of Chinese medicine as a whole, as it did during the Communist era."Шаблон:Sfn
References
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Шаблон:History of medicine in China Шаблон:Authority control
