Английская Википедия:Chernoe Znamia
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect-distinguish Шаблон:Infobox militant organization Chernoe Znamia (or Chornoe Znamia) (Шаблон:Lang-ru, Шаблон:Lang-en), known as the Chernoznamentsy, was a Russian anarchist communist organisation. It emerged in 1903 as a federation of cadres.[1] It took its name, "The Black Banner", from the anarchist black flag.[2]
Composition
The largest collection of anarchist terrorists in Imperial Russia, Chernoe Znamia attracted its strongest following in the western and southern provinces at the frontier of the Empire, including nearly all anarchists in Białystok.[2] Their ranks included mostly students, factory workers and artisans, though there were also peasants, unemployed labourers, drifters, and self-professed Nietzschean supermen.[2] Ethnically, Jews predominated, and many members were of Ukrainian, Polish and Great Russian nationality.[2] The typical age of the Chernoznamentsy was nineteen or twenty, and some of the most active adherents were as young as fifteen years old.[2]
Tactics and ideology
Шаблон:Quote box Шаблон:Further With a history marked, in the words of historian Paul Avrich, by "reckless fanaticism and uninterrupted violence", the Chernoznamensty were the first anarchist group with a deliberate policy of terror against the established order.[2] They saw merit in every act of propaganda by the deed, no matter how intemperate and senseless it appeared to the public, as evoking the lust of the underclass for vengeance against their tormentors.[3] Along with the equally fanatical Beznachalie ("Without Authority"), Chernoe Znamia was the most conspicuous anarchist communist organisation in Russia.[4]
See also
- Narodnaya Volya, a similar organisation of an earlier generation
References
Bibliography
External links
- Chernoe Znamia at the Daily Bleed's Anarchist Encyclopedia
- Английская Википедия
- 1903 establishments in the Russian Empire
- Anarchist organizations in Russia
- Communist organizations in Russia
- Defunct anarchist militant groups
- Defunct communist militant groups
- Jewish anarchism
- Organizations established in 1903
- Organizations of the Russian Revolution
- Organizations with year of disestablishment missing
- Political movements
- Political organizations based in the Russian Empire
- Terrorism in the Russian Empire
- Defunct anarchist organizations in Europe
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
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- Статья из Английской Википедии
