Английская Википедия:China Radio International

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Файл:CRI headquarters (20210503185450).jpg

CRI headquarters in Shijingshan, Beijing

China Radio International (CRI) is the state-owned international radio broadcaster of China. It is currently headquartered in the Babaoshan area of Beijing's Shijingshan District. It was founded on December 3, 1941, as Radio Peking. It later adopted the pinyin form Radio Beijing.

CRI states that it "endeavours to promote favourable relations between the PRC and the world" while upholding the PRC's official positions. As with other nations' external broadcasters such as Voice of America, BBC World Service and Radio Australia, CRI claims to "play a significant role in the PRC's soft power strategy" and Go Out policy, aiming to expand the influence of Chinese culture and media in a global stage. CRI attempts to employ new media and partnerships with other media outlets to compete with other international media. Unlike other broadcasters, CRI's control via indirect majority ownership or financial support of radio stations in various nations is not publicly disclosed.

CRI is presently the international radio arm of the China Media Group, under the control of the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party, created following the first session of the 13th National People's Congress in March 2018.

In February 2020, the United States Department of State designated CRI and other Chinese state-owned media outlets as foreign missions.

History

Radio was first introduced in China in the 1920s and 1930s. However, few households had radio receivers. A few cities had commercial stations. Most usage of radio was for political purpose, frequently on a local area level.

The Chinese Communist Party first used radio in Yanan Shaanxi Province in March 1940 with a transmitter imported from Moscow. Xinhua New Chinese Radio (XNCR) went on the air from Yanan on December 30, 1940. XNCR transmitted to a larger geographical area after 1945, and its programs became more regular and formalized with broadcasts of news, official announcements, war bulletins, and art and literary programs.

The English service started on September 11, 1947, transmitting as XNCR from a cave in Shahe in the Taihang Mountains, when China was in the midst of a civil war, to announce newly conquered areas and broadcast a Chinese political and cultural perspective to the world at large. The station moved from the Taihang Mountains to the capital, Peking, when The People's Republic of China was formed in 1949. Its name was changed to Radio Peking on April 10, 1950, and to Radio Beijing in 1983. On January 1, 1993, the name of the station was again changed, this time to China Radio International, in order to avoid any confusion with local Beijing radio broadcasting. Its online broadcasting platform: China International Broadcasting Network (CIBN) was formally established in 2011, as a joint venture of China Radio International, Huawen Media Investment, JinZhengYuan, Youku, Oriental Times Media and Suning Holdings Group.

A 2015 investigative report by Reuters found a network of at least 33 radio stations in 14 countries that obscures CRI as its majority shareholder. A significant portion of the programming on these stations is either produced or provided by CRI, or by media firms CRI controls in the United States, Australia, and Europe.

CRI has focused on forging commercial partnerships, particularly in Europe, in which its content is broadcast without attribution to CRI. According to a 2023 discourse analysis by the Central European Digital Media Observatory, CRI's content steers clear of any criticism of the Chinese government.

Programming

Mandarin radio channels

At the beginning of 1984, it started to broadcast home service to the Beijing area on AM and FM frequencies. The service later expanded to dozens of major cities across the PRC, providing listeners inside the PRC with timely news and reports, music, weather, English and Chinese learning skills, as well as other services.

CRI News Radio (90.5 FM)

CRI News Radio (CRI环球资讯广播) was established on 28 September 2005, which takes advantage of CRI's journalists from all around the world and reports international (and partially domestic) news, sport, entertainment and lifestyle programmes for domestic listeners in Mandarin Chinese. Its aim is to make CRI News Radio a first-class national news radio brand and its slogans are 'First News, News First', 'On-the-Spot China, Live World' etc. CRI News Radio can be heard online and in Beijing on the radio on 90.5 FM; in Tianjin 90.6 FM; in Chongqing 91.7 FM; in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macau 107.1 FM; in Shandong 89.8 FM; in Anhui 90.1 FM.

Popular Shows

• Laowai's Viewpoint (Шаблон:Lang-zh), an international news program with three hosts from different countries, frequent hosts include: Peter Yu (Chinese), Julien Gaudfroy (French), Elyse Ribbons (American), Li Xin (Chinese), and Soojin Zhao (Korean).
• Bianzou Biankan (Шаблон:Lang-zh), a travel show dedicated to a new location every episode
• New Wealth Times (Шаблон:Lang-zh), a financial talk show

Chinese podcasts

The following programmes can be heard on the Mandarin version of the podcast from the World Radio Network:

• News (Шаблон:Lang-zh), which comes from the Xinhua News Agency.
• Tángrénjiē (Шаблон:Lang-zh), a programme about overseas Chinese
• Weather forecasts around China
• Sports

This broadcast was originally targeted at London in the United Kingdom. In 2006, they removed the "London" reference, which was part of the introduction as "Ni hao London. Hello London"

English radio channels

CRI in English (846 AM, 1008 AM; 91.5 FM)

The CRI English channels that can be heard online are:

• CGTN Radio (846 & 1008 AM in Beijing)
• EZFM (also known as Easy FM)
• Round the Clock (Internet only)
  • Voices from Other Lands is a weekly English radio program featuring entrepreneurs who originated outside of China doing business in China, hosted by Guanny Liu.
• CRI 91.9 FM (Kenya 91.9 FM)
• Chinese Studio is a 5-minute segment that follows most CRI English programmes
• China Drive is an English radio show about life in the PRC
• CRI Sri Lanka FM 97.9 in Sri Lanka in Sinhala and English (05:00—00:00 Sri Lanka Time)

English Podcasts

CRI offers a list of podcast programs in English:

• Hourly News
• The Beijing Hour
• RoundTable
• Studio Plus
• Today
• Chinese Studio
• More to Read

Holiday Broadcasts

Шаблон:Unreferenced section During major Chinese holidays (dubbed Golden Week), such as Chinese New Year, May Day, and Mid-Autumn Festival, China Radio International typically broadcasts special programmes such as:

• Growing Up In China (during the May Day holiday)

Most of these programmes are not typical of the broadcast during the other parts of the year. The analogy is similar to Christmas music broadcasts in the United States.

Olympic Radio

In July 2006, CRI launched a new radio station called CRI Olympic Radio at 900 AM in Beijing. This special broadcast was in Mandarin, Korean, English, Russian, French, Spanish, Arabic, Japanese and German 24 hours a day. This service was terminated in late 2008 after the Beijing Olympics and now the frequency 900 AM is occupied by CRI News Radio, which covers only Beijing.Шаблон:Cn

Pay television channels

Other than radio channels, CRI also operates these pay television channels via satellite airing:

• Shark Shopping Channel (聚鲨环球精选) (de facto free channel in several local DTV networks)
• Global Sightseeing Channel (环球奇观)
• China Transport Channel (中国交通) (co-operate with MOT)

Languages

China Radio International broadcasts in the following languages:

Language	Launched	Website
Albanian		Radio e Jashtme e Kinës
Arabic		http://arabic.cri.cn
Armenian	12 April 2011
Belarusian	23 September 2009	http://belarusian.cri.cn
Bengali		http://bengali.cri.cn
Bulgarian		http://bulgarian.cri.cn
Burmese	10 April 1950	http://myanmar.cri.cn
Croatian		Kineski Radio Internacional
Cambodian	11 December 2008	http://cambodian.cri.cn
Cantonese
Czech		http://czech.cri.cn
Dutch	23 September 2009
English	11 September 1947	http://english.cri.cn Шаблон:Webarchive
Esperanto	19 December 1964	http://esperanto.cri.cn
Estonian
Filipino		Radyo Internasyonal ng Tsina
French	5 June 1958	http://french.cri.cn
German	15 April 1960	Radio China International
Greek	23 September 2009	http://greek.cri.cn
Hausa		http://hausa.cri.cn
Hebrew	23 September 2009	http://hebrew.cri.cn
Hindi	15 March 1959	http://hindi.cri.cn
Hungarian		http://hungarian.cri.cn
Indonesian		Radio Internasional Tiongkok
Italian		Radio Cina Internazionale
Japanese	3 December 1941
Kazakh		https://web.archive.org/web/20170908052146/http://kazak.cri.cn/
Korean	2 July 1950	http://korean.cri.cn/
Laotian	20 November 2006	http://laos.cri.cn
Malaysian		Radio Antarabangsa China
Mandarin
Mongolian	1 December 1964	Хятадын олон улсын радио
Nepali	25 Jun 1975	http://nepal.cri.cn
Persian		http://persian.cri.cn
Polish		Chińskie Radio Międzynarodowe
Portuguese		http://portuguese.cri.cn
Pashto		http://pushtu.cri.cn
Romanian	30 August 1968	Radio China Internaţional
Russian	24 December 1954	Международное радио Китая
Serbian		http://serbian.cri.cn
Sinhala	January 1975	http://sinhalese.cri.cn
Spanish	3 September 1956	http://espanol.cri.cn
Swahili	6 March 2006	http://swahili.cri.cn
Swedish
Tamil	August 1963	சீன வானொலி
Thai		http://thai.cri.cn
Tibetan		https://web.archive.org/web/20190224113849/http://tibet.cri.cn/
Turkish		http://turkish.cri.cn
Ukrainian	May 2008	Міжнародне радіо Китаю
Urdu		http://urdu.cri.cn
Uygur		https://web.archive.org/web/20180116173813/http://uygur.cri.cn/
Vietnamese		Đài phát thanh quốc tế Trung Quốc

The Tibetan, Uygur and Kazakh services are broadcast in association with local radio stations (Tibet People's Broadcasting Station and Xinjiang People's Broadcasting Station).

Joint ventures

China International Broadcasting Network

China International Broadcasting Network (CIBN, traded as Шаблон:Zh, an internet TV service, was a joint venture of China Radio International with other companies. The company was owned by Global Broadcasting Media Group (Шаблон:Zh, a joint venture (50–50) of China Radio International and Шаблон:Zh, literally JinZhengYuan Union Investment Holding) for 34.0004% stake, Huawen Media Investment for 30.9996% stake, a subsidiary (Шаблон:Zh) of listed company Oriental Times Media (Шаблон:Zh) for 15% stake, the operator of Youku (Шаблон:Zh) for 10% stake and Suning Holdings Group, the parent company of PPTV for 10% stake.

GBTimes

CRI owns 60% of Finland-based GBTimes. GBTimes is headed by Zhao Yinong and operates radio stations across Europe that broadcast CRI-produced content.

G&E Studio

G&E Studio is 60% owned by Guoguang Century Media, a Beijing firm completely owned by the CRI. James Su is president and CEO of G&E Studio, which distributes CRI content to more than a dozen radio stations inside the United States.

See also

• China Media Group ("Voice of China")
  • China National Radio
  • China Central Television
    • China Global Television Network
• International broadcasting
  • Radio Taiwan International (formerly "Voice of Free China")

References

Sources

• Bishop, Robert L., "Qi Lai! Mobilizing One Billion Chinese: The Chinese Communication System", Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1989. Шаблон:ISBN
• Chang, Won Ho, "Mass Media in China: The History and the Future", Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1989.
• Hamm, Charles, "Music and Radio in the PRC," Asian Music, Spring/Summer 1991, vXXII, n2, p. 28-29.
• Howkins, John, "Mass Communication in China", New York, NY: Annenberg/ Longman Communication Books, 1982.

External links

• Шаблон:Commons category-inline
• Шаблон:Official website