Английская Википедия:Chinese cruiser Nan Shui
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics
Nan Shui (Шаблон:Lang-zh) was an unprotected cruiser built for the Imperial Chinese Navy. She was built by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft, Kiel, Germany, while her armament was installed by Armstrong Whitworth, Elswick, England. She, alongside her sister vessel Шаблон:Ship, which was based on the design of the cruiser Шаблон:Ship. Nan Shui was considered to be obsolete by the Western Powers even at the time of her construction.
She was active during the Sino-French War of 1884–1885, first as part of a defensive squadron based at Nanking (now Nanjing). Nan Shui then formed part of the cruiser force of the Chinese squadron sent to engage the French blockade of Formosa (now Taiwan) which resulted in the Battle of Shipu. Following the battle, Nan Shui was blockaded into the port of Ningpo (now Ningbo) until the end of the war. She was eventually decommissioned in 1903, and was sold as scrap in 1906.
Design and description
The Шаблон:Sclass unprotected cruisers were intended to be of relatively simple design compared to other Imperial Chinese Navy vessels on order from European shipyards at the time. They were similar to the cruiser Шаблон:Ship, but constructed out of steel instead of wood. Both Nan Shui and her sister vessel, Шаблон:Ship, were obsolete during construction; the Chinese navy had also commissioned armored and protected cruisers, such as Шаблон:Ship.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Nan Shui was Шаблон:Convert long overall. She had a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draft of Шаблон:Convert. Zhiyuen displaced Шаблон:Convert, and carried a crew of 250 officers and enlisted men. She was unarmored with the exception of a cork belt installed at the waterline of the ship. Unlike Kai Chi, on which the class was based, Nan Shui had two funnels instead of one. Both ships of the class were equipped with a naval ram, and had raised forecastles and poop decks.Шаблон:Sfn She was powered by a compound-expansion steam engine with eight boilers, driving a single shaft. This provided Шаблон:Convert for a top speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn
Her initial armament consisted of two Шаблон:Convert breach-loading Armstrong guns, alongside eight Шаблон:Convert breach-loading Armstrong guns and some Hotchkiss guns.Шаблон:Sfn The two larger guns were mounted in sponsons ahead of the funnels, while the smaller Armstrongs were placed amidships as a broadside, on the forecastle and poop deck and in further sponsons ahead of the poop.Шаблон:Sfn Although the ship was launched in Germany, that armament was added by Armstrong Whitworth while Nan Chen was at its shipyard in Elswick, England.Шаблон:Sfn By 1884, she was equipped with a torpedo boat.Шаблон:Sfn
Service history
Two cruisers were ordered from Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft, Kiel, Germany, in early 1883. At the time of the launch of Nan Shui on 8 January 1884,Шаблон:Sfn the Germany authorities were preventing some of the Chinese construction from leaving the country such as the Шаблон:Sclass ironclads due to the impending Sino-French War.Шаблон:Sfn Nan Shui was thus secretly delivered to China.Шаблон:Sfn Both Nan Chen and her sister were sent to the Kiangnan Arsenal to be reinforced. Despite these issues, and their obsolescence, the German-built cruisers were held in high esteem by the Chinese authorities.Шаблон:Sfn
Sino-French War
After the start of the war in August 1884, Nan Chen and Nan Shui were sent to protect Nanking (now Nanjing) alongside Kai Chi. An attack was thought to be imminent, but the French Navy instead assaulted Formosa (now Taiwan) where they established a blockade.Шаблон:Sfn Chinese forces were gathered to drive off the blockade of the island, which comprised the two Nan Chen-class cruisers, Kai Chi, the frigate Шаблон:Ship and the sloop-of-war Шаблон:Ship. The squadron was under the command of Admiral Wu Ang-k'ang. The five ships gathered in Shanghai, leaving in December 1884. They took some time to work up their crews, and did not seek to engage the French immediately, only finally meeting them in the following February.Шаблон:Sfn
The Chinese forces attached in a V-shaped formation, being led by Kai Chi as flagship. However, they immediately realised they were outgunned by the French forces and withdrew. While the slower Yuyuen and Teng Ching retreated into Shipu Bay after losing the three cruisers in the fog, which resulted in the Battle of Shipu. Nan Chen, Nan Shui and Kai Chi sailed north to the port of Ningpo (now Ningbo) where they were joined by the sloop-of-war Шаблон:Ship and the transport Шаблон:Ship. All five ships were then blockaded into the port by the French Navy squadron. While some exchanges of fire were conducted in March 1885, this was the last involvement of Nan Shui during the war.Шаблон:Sfn
Fate
During the First Sino-Japanese War, Nan Chen and Nan Shui were sent to the Taiwan strait for patrol duties. She was eventually decommissioned in 1903, and was sold as scrap in 1906. Шаблон:Sfn
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