Английская Википедия:Chinese exonyms
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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Multiple issues When a foreign place name, or toponym, occurs in Chinese text, the problem arises of spelling it in Chinese characters, given the limited phonetics and restrictive phonology of Mandarin Chinese (making it very difficult to transcribe loanwords), and the possible meaning of those characters when treated as Chinese words. For example:
- "London Heathrow Airport" is usually rendered in Chinese characters as Шаблон:Zhi (Lúndūn Xīsīlù Jīchǎng), with the English pronunciation of 'London' being fairly accurate, and of 'Heathrow' being less accurate: in Chinese the translation of each character literally means "kinship, honest" (for London, Шаблон:Zhi), "hope, given/this, road" (for Heathrow, Шаблон:Zhi), "aircraft, field" (Шаблон:Zhi), with the last syllable of "Heathrow" rendered as "lu" although the more accurate "lo" and "lou" are known Chinese words. The reason for this strange transcription for "Heathrow" is because the name of the airport was introduced to the Chinese language through Cantonese, in which the loanword is pronounced Hei1 Si1 Lo4, which is actually more accurate to the English pronunciation of the name. However, when this word was adopted into Mandarin, the Chinese character "Heathrow" was used without any regard to pronunciation, in which the Mandarin and Cantonese pronunciations of the same Chinese character can often be drastically different from one another.
Sometimes, the endonym or the English exonym of a place can be literally translated into Chinese characters, such as "Salt Lake City" or the "Dead Sea", which are translated into Chinese as Шаблон:Zhi (Yánhú Chéng) and Шаблон:Zhi (Sǐhǎi), which mean "salt-lake-city" and "dead-sea" respectively.
More often than not, however, characters are chosen simply because their syllables sound somewhat similar to the syllables of the endonym or the English exonym, regardless of the meaning of the individual characters. Examples include Dublin and Yemen, which are written in Chinese as Шаблон:Zhi (Dūbólín, which literally translates as "all-cypress-forest") and Шаблон:Zhi (Yěmén, which literally translates as "also-door") respectively. In both 'Chinese Exonyms, the connection between the meanings of the Chinese characters and their respective places is not particularly obvious, so it is safe to assume these exonyms are transcriptions. Historically, the characters chosen to represent the sounds have sometimes been chosen to be intended as derogatory (see graphic pejoratives in written Chinese), although many of these have been replaced with homophones with neutral or positive connotations.
There are other exonyms that are a combination of translation and transcription (meaning and sound) of the endonym. For example, New Zealand is written as Шаблон:Zhi (Xīnxīlán), in which the first character Шаблон:Zhi (xīn) literally means "new" and the final two characters Шаблон:Zhi (Xīlán) is a transcription of "Zealand". Likewise, America is written as Шаблон:Zhi (Měiguó), which is a combination of Шаблон:Zhi (měi), one of the characters in another exonym Шаблон:Zhi (Āměilìgē), and Шаблон:Zhi (guó), the translation for the word "country". The full name of the United States in Chinese, “Шаблон:Zhi” (Meilijianhezhongguo), which is very rarely used in China, roughly translates to the "United States of America" and is not an exonym, as the official Chinese word for the nation of the United States is different for the Chinese word for the continent of America. Acronyms, including the character Шаблон:Zhi (guó), are common among exonyms.
Names of foreign nations are sometimes shortened to their first character when used in compounds. For example, the name for Russia in Chinese is Шаблон:Zhi (Éluósī), but the name of the Russian language is Шаблон:Zhi (Éyǔ), anything Russian-style is Шаблон:Zhi (Éshì), and the Russian military is Шаблон:Zhi (Éjūn).
However, some Chinese exonyms exist which are not immediately obvious because they are neither translations nor transcriptions, such as Шаблон:Zhi (Jiùjīnshān, which literally means "Old Gold Mountain") and Шаблон:Zhi (Xīnjīnshān, which literally means "New Gold Mountain") for San Francisco and Melbourne respectively. These exonyms exist because they have a special history among Chinese people worldwide for one reason or another.
For Japanese, Korean, or Vietnamese names, the Chinese exonym is often the Chinese pronunciation of the Korean hanja, Japanese kanji, or ancient Vietnamese Chữ Nôm writing of the toponym. In some cases, especially in Japan, the Chinese pronunciation may be completely unlike the native-language pronunciation.
However, if the country's or city's endonym is not internationally well-known, Chinese will often transcribe the endoynym or English name into Chinese characters.
Countries had been founded or had gained independence after 1949 (the year Kuomintang had exiled to Taiwan after losing to the Communist Party) often have different exonyms used in mainland China (PRC) and Taiwan (ROC) due to differences in official standards resulting from the split in government. Exonyms used in mainland China are written in simplified Chinese on this page, and exonyms used in Taiwan are written in traditional Chinese. The exception to this are exonyms for Japanese and Korean place names, which will be written in traditional Chinese.
The exonyms below are all in Mandarin Chinese.Шаблон:Historical Chinese exonyms
Afghanistan
| Шаблон:Flag Āfùhàn (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Kabul | Kābù'ěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Kābol (کابل) | Persian | |
| Kābəl (کابل) | Pashto | ||||
Albania
| Шаблон:Flag Ā'ěrbāníyǎ (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Tirana | Dìlānà (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Tirona | Albanian | |
Algeria
| Шаблон:Flag Ā'ěrjílìyǎ (Шаблон:Lang) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Algiers | Ā'ěrjí'ěr (Шаблон:Lang) | Transcription | Al-Jazā'ir (Шаблон:Lang) | Arabic | |
Andorra
| Шаблон:Flag Āndàoěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Meaning | ||
| Andorra la Vella | Āndàoěr Chéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Andorra City | |
Angola
| Шаблон:Flag Āngēlā (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Luanda | Luóāndá (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Luanda | Portuguese | |
Antigua and Barbuda
| Шаблон:Flag Āntíguā Hé Bābùdá (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | |
| Name | Type | ||
| St. John's | Shèng Yuēhàn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | |
Argentina
| Шаблон:Flag Āgēntíng (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | |
| Name | Type | ||
| Buenos Aires | Bùyínuòsīàilìsī (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | |
Armenia
| Шаблон:Flag Yàměiníyǎ (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Yerevan | Yèlǐwēn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Yerevan (Երևան) | Armenian | |
Australia
| Шаблон:Flag Àodàlìyǎ (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Ào (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | ||
| Canberra | Kānpéilā | Transcription | ||
| Gold Coast | Huángjīn Hǎi'àn | Translation | Gold Coast | |
| Melbourne | Mò'ěrběn | Transcription | ||
| Xīnjīnshān | Special History | New Gold Mountain | The nickname "New Gold Mountain" was the nickname for the city given by Chinese immigrants and migrant workers looking for gold during the Australian gold rushes.[2] This contrasts with the name given to San Francisco, "Old Gold Mountain" (see section on the United States). | |
| Newcastle | Niǔkǎsī'ěr | Transcription | ||
| New South Wales | Xīn Nán Wēi'ěrshì Zhōu
(Шаблон:Zhi ) |
Translation-transcription mix | ||
| Queensland | Kūnshìlán Zhōu | Transcription | ||
| Sydney | Xīní (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | ||
Austria
| Шаблон:Flag Àodìlì (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Ào (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Vienna | Wéiyěnà (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Wien | German | |
Azerbaijan
Because many of the Chinese names for Azerbaijani cities originate from their Russian names, the Russian names have been included for comparison.
| Шаблон:Flag Āsèbàijiāng (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Yàsèbàirán (Шаблон:Zhi, Taiwan only) | |||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Baku | Bākù (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Bakı (Шаблон:Lang) | Azerbaijani | From Russian name Baku (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Baku (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
Bahamas
| Шаблон:Flag Bāhāmǎ (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | |
| Name | Type | ||
| Nassau | Násāo (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | |
Bahrain
| Шаблон:Flag Bālín (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Manama | Màinàmài (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Al-Manāma (المنامة) | Arabic | |
Bangladesh
| Шаблон:Flag Mèngjiālāguó (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Mèngjiālā (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Dhaka | Dákǎ (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Dhaka (ঢাকা) | Bengali | |
Belarus
Because many of the Chinese names for Belarusian cities originate from their Russian names, the Russian names have been included for comparison.
| Шаблон:Flag Bái'éluósī (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Bái'é (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Minsk | Míngsīkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Minsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Belarusian | |
| Minsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Brest | Bùlièsītè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Brest (Шаблон:Lang) | Belarusian | |
| Brest (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Gomel | Gēméilì (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Homiel (Шаблон:Lang) | Belarusian | From Russian name Gomel (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Gomel (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Grodno | Géluódénuò (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Hrodna (Шаблон:Lang) | Belarusian | From Russian name Grodno (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Grodno (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Mogilev | Mòjíliàofū (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Mahilyow (Шаблон:Lang) | Belarusian | From Russian name Mogilyov (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Mogilyov (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Vitebsk | Wéijiébùsīkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Viciebsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Belarusian | |
| Vitebsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
Bhutan
| Шаблон:Flag Bùdān (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Thimphu | Tíngbù (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Thimphu (ཐིམ་ཕུ) | Dzongkha | |
Brazil
| Шаблон:Flag Bāxī (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Bā (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Brasília | Bāxīlìyǎ (Шаблон:Zhi)[3] | Transcription | |||
| Rio de Janeiro | Lǐyuērènèilú (Шаблон:Zhi)[4] | Transcription | |||
| São Paulo | Shèngbǎoluó (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Shèng (Шаблон:Zhi) is used for place names that contain the word "Saint" or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Shèng (Шаблон:Zhi) and "Saint" are false cognates. | ||
| Porto Alegre | Āléigélǐgǎng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | "Āléigélǐ" (Шаблон:Zhi) is a transcription of the Portuguese word "Alegre". "Gǎng" (Шаблон:Zhi) means "harbor" in Mandarin. | ||
| Yúgǎng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | "Happy Harbor" in Mandarin. | |||
Brunei
| Шаблон:Flag Wénlái (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Wènlái (Шаблон:Zhi, Hong Kong and Taiwan) | ||||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Bandar Seri Begawan | Sīlǐbājiāwān Shì (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Seri Begawan City | Bandar Seri Begawan (بندر سري بڬاوان) | Malay | |
Bulgaria
| Шаблон:Flag Bǎojīalìyà (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Bǎo (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Sofia | Suǒfēiyà (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Sofija (Шаблон:Lang) | Bulgarian | |
Burundi
| Шаблон:Flag Búlóngdí (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Púlóngdì (Шаблон:Zhi, Taiwan only) | |||
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | |
| Name | Type | ||
| Bujumbura | Bùqióngbùlā (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | |
Cambodia
| Шаблон:Flag Jiǎnpǔzhài (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Jiǎn (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Gāomián (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | Meaning | ||
| Phnom Penh | Jīnbiān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Golden Side | Phnom Penh (រាជធានីភ្នំពេញ) | Khmer | Penh's Hill | |
| Siem Reap | Xiānlì Shì (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Siem Reap City | Siem Reap ( ក្រុងសៀមរាប) | Khmer | Siam's Defeat | |
| Sihanoukville | Xīhānǔkè Chéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Sihanouk City | Krong Preah Sihanouk (ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ) | Khmer | Holy City of Sihanouk | |
Canada
| Шаблон:Flag Jiānádà (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Jiā (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Jiāguó (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | ||
| Montreal | Méngtèlìěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | ||
| Toronto | Duōlúnduō (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | ||
| Vancouver | Wēngēhuá (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | ||
| Xiánshuǐ Bù (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Saltwater Port | ||
Egypt
| Шаблон:Flag Āijí (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Āi (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Alexandria | Yàlìshāndà (Шаблон:Zhi)[5] | Transcription | Al-'Iskandariyya (الإسكندرية) | Standard Arabic | |
| Eskendereyya (اسكندرية) | Egyptian Arabic | ||||
| Cairo | Kāiluó (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Al-Qāhirah (القاهرة) | Standard Arabic | |
| Maṣr (مصر) | Egyptian Arabic | ||||
| Nile River | Níluóhé (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | |||
Ethiopia
| Шаблон:Flag Āisāi'ébǐyǎ (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Yīsuǒbǐyǎ (Шаблон:Zhi, Taiwan only) | |||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Addis Ababa | Yàdìsīyàbèibā (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Addis Abäba (አዲስ አበባ) | Amharic | |
France
| Шаблон:Flag Fǎguó (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Fǎ (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Fǎlánsī (Шаблон:Zhi), Fǎlánxī (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | |
| Name | Type | ||
| Cannes | Jiánà (Шаблон:Zhi)[6] | Transcription | Based on the French pronunciation without the liaison |
| Fort-de-France | Fǎlánxībǎo (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Bǎo (Шаблон:Zhi) is used in place names that have the word "Fort" or one of its cognates from in another language. |
| Paris | Bālí (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Based on the French pronunciation without the liaison |
| Saint-Lô | Shèngluò (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Shèng (Шаблон:Zhi) is used for place names that contain the word "Saint" or one of its cognates in another language. Shèng (Шаблон:Zhi) and "Saint" are false cognates. |
Germany
| Шаблон:Flag Déguó (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Dé (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Déyìzhì (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Berlin | Bólín (Шаблон:Zhi)[7] | Transcription | |||
| Cologne | Kēlóng (Шаблон:Zhi)[8] | Transcription | Köln | German | |
| Frankfurt | Fǎlánkèfú (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | |||
| Hamburg | Hànbǎo (Шаблон:Zhi)[9] | Translation-transcription mix | Bǎo (Шаблон:Zhi) is used in place names that have the word "Burg" | ||
| Munich | Mùníhēi (Шаблон:Zhi)[10] | Transcription | München | German | |
Haiti
| Шаблон:Flag Hǎidì (Шаблон:Zhi)[11] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | ||
| Port-au-Prince | Tàizǐ Gǎng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Prince's port | |
Iceland
The Chinese exonym is a literal translation of the endonym.
| Шаблон:Flag Bīngdǎo (Шаблон:Zhi)[12] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Reykjavik | Léikèyǎwèikè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Reykjavík | Icelandic | |
India
| Шаблон:Flag Yìndù (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Yìn (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | Meaning | ||
| Delhi | Délǐ (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Dillī (दिल्ली) | Hindi | meaning unknown | ||
Indonesia
| Шаблон:Flag Yìndùníxīyà (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Yìnní (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Bali | Bālí dǎo (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Bali | Balinese | Used in Mainland China, homonymous with Paris (Шаблон:Zhi Bālí). | |
| Bālǐ (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Used in Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia. | ||||
| Jakarta | Yǎjiādá (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Jakarta | Indonesian | ||
| Medan | Miánlán (Шаблон:Zhi) | Medan | Indonesian | |||
| Palembang | Jùgǎng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Huge port[13] | Palembang | Indonesian | Chinese name refers to the historical past of Palembang as a major port of Sumatra. | |
| Pontianak | Kūndiān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Pontianak | Indonesian | Known in Hakka as khun-tîen | ||
| Singkawang | Shānkǒuyáng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Mountain by the estuary and the ocean |
Singkawang | Indonesian | Originates from Hakka sân-khiéu-yòng. | |
| Surabaya | Sìshuǐ (Шаблон:Zhi)[14] | Surabaya | Indonesian | |||
| Yogyakarta | Rìrě (Шаблон:Zhi)[14] | Yogyakarta | Javanese | |||
Iraq
| Шаблон:Flag Yīlākè (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Yī (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Baghdad | Bāgédá (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Baghdad (بغداد) | Arabic | |
Ireland
| Шаблон:Flag Ài'ěrlán (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Ài (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Cork | Kēkè (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Corcaigh | Irish | |
| Dublin | Dūbólín (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Baile Átha Cliath | Irish | |
Israel
Placenames in Israel will include places in Palestinian territories.
| Шаблон:Flag Yǐsèliè (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Yǐ (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Jerusalem | Yēlùsālěng (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Yerushalayim (ירושלים) | Hebrew | ||
Japan
| Шаблон:Flag Rìběn (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Rì (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | ||
| Tōkyō | Dōngjīng (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation | East(ern) capital | |
| Yokohama | Héngbīn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Horizontal shore | Spelt as 横浜 in Japanese. |
| Ōsaka | Dàbǎn (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Big hillside | |
| Nagoya | Mínggǔwū (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Famed ancient house | |
| Saitama | Qíyù (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Headland jade | Spelt as さいたま (in Hiragana) in Japanese when referring to the city, but spelt as 埼玉 when referring to the prefecture. |
| Chiba | Qiānyè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Thousand leaves | |
| Kōbe | Shénhù (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Door of the gods | Spelt as 神戸 in Japanese. |
| Sapporo | Zháhuǎng (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Placard canopy | |
| Fukuoka | Fúgāng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Fortunate ridge | |
| Shizuoka | Jìnggāng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Calm ridge | Spelt as 静岡 in Japanese. |
| Mito | Shuǐhù (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Water door | Spelt as 水戸 in Japanese. |
| Hiroshima | Guǎngdǎo (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Broad island | Spelt as 広島 in Japanese. |
| Kyōto | Jīngdū (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Capital | |
| Sendai | Xiāntái (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Immortal platform | Spelt as 仙台 in Japanese. |
| Niigata | Xīnxì (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | New saline land | |
| Nagano | Chángyě (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Long plain | |
| Gifu | Qífù (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Divergent mound | |
| Maebashi | Qiánqiáo (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Before the bridge | |
| Utsunomiya | Yǔdūgōng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Eaves of the palace of the capital | Long plain | |
| Okayama | Gāngshān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Mountain ridge | |
| Fukushima | Fúdǎo (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Long plain | |
| Tsu | Jīn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Ford | |
| Kumamoto | Xióngběn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Origin of the bear | |
| Kagoshima | Lù'érdǎo (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Deer children island | Spelt as 鹿児島 in Japanese. |
| Naha | Nàbà (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | meaning unknown | Spelt as 那覇 in Japanese. |
| Ōtsu | Dàjīn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Great ford | |
| Yamaguchi | Shānkǒu (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Mouth of the mountain | |
| Nara | Nàiliáng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | meaning unknown | |
| Matsuyama | Sōngshān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Pine mountain | |
| Nagasaki | Chángqí (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Long, small peninsula | |
| Aomori | Qīngsēn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Blue forest | |
| Morioka | Shènggāng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Flourishing ridge | |
| Kanazawa | Jīnzé (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Golden marsh | Spelt as 金沢 in Japanese. |
| Ōita | Dàfèn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Great divide | |
| Miyazaki | Gōngqí (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Mountainous palace | |
| Yamagata | Shānxíng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Appearance of a mountain | |
| Toyama | Fùshān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Abundant mountain | |
| Takamatsu | Gāosōng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Tall pine | |
| Akita | Qiūtián (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Autumn field | |
| Wakayama | Hégēshān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Waka mountain | |
| Kōfu | Jiǎfǔ (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Armoured warehouse | |
| Saga | Zuǒhè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Assist to congratulate | |
| Fukui | Fújǐng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Fortunate well | |
| Tokushima | Dédǎo (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Virtuous island | Spelt as 徳島 in Japanese. |
| Kōchi | Gāozhī (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | High awareness | |
| Matsue | Sōngjiāng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Pine river | |
| Tottori | Niǎoqǔ (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Take the bird | |
| Kawasaki | Chuānqí (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Mountainous river | |
| Narita | Chéngtián (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Developed field | |
| Hokkaidō | Běihǎidào (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Path of the north sea | |
| Honshu | Běnzhōu (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Origin province | |
| Kyushu | Jiǔzhōu (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Nine provinces | |
| Shikoku | Jiǔzhōu (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Four countries | Spelt as 四国 in Japanese. |
| Okinawa | Chóngshéng (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Cord of the open sea | Spelt as 沖縄 in Japanese. |
| Ryūkyū Islands | Liúqiú Qúndǎo (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | ||
Jordan
| Шаблон:Flag Yuēdàn (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Amman | Ānmàn (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | 'Ammān (عمان) | Arabic | ||
Kazakhstan
Because many of the Chinese names for Kazakh cities originate from their Russian names, the Russian names have been included for comparison.
| Шаблон:Flag Hāsàkèsītǎn (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Hā (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Almaty | Алматы (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Almaty (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | |
| Almaty (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Astana | Āsītǎnà (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Astana (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | |
| Astana (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Shymkent | Qímǔkěntè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Shymkent (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | From Russian name Chimkent (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Chimkent (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Aktobe | Ākètuōbié (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Aqtöbe (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | From Russian name Aktobe (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Aktobe (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Karaganda | Kǎlāgāndá (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Qarağandy (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | From Russian name Karaganda (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Karaganda (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Taraz | Tǎlāzī (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Taraz (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | |
| Taraz (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Oskemen | Wūsījìkǎmiǎnnuògē'ěrsīkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Öskemen (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | From Russian name Ust-Kamenogorsk (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Ust-Kamenogorsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Pavlodar | Bāfǔluòdá'ěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Pavlodar (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | |
| Pavlodar (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Semey | Sāiméiyī (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Semey (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | |
| Semey (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Kyzylorda | Kèzīlēi'ào'ěrdá (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Qyzylorda (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | |
| Kyzylorda (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Atyrau | Ātèláo (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Atyrau (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | |
| Atyrau (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Aktau | Ātèláo (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Atyrau (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | |
| Atyrau (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Kostanay | Kùsītǎnài (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Qostanai (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | |
| Kostanay (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Oral | Wūlā'ěrsīkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Oral (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | From Russian name Uralsk (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Uralsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Petropavl | Bǐdéluóbāfǔluòfūsīkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Petropavl (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | From Russian name Petropavlovsk (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Petropavlovsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Turkistan | Tūjuésītǎn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Türkıstan (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | From Russian name Turkestan (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Turkestan (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Kokshetau | Kēkèshětào (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Kökşetau (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | |
| Kokshetau (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Baikonur | Bàikēnǔ'ěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Baiqoñyr (Шаблон:Lang) | Kazakh | |
| Baikonur (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
Laos
| Шаблон:Flag Lǎowō (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Liáo (Шаблон:Zhi, Taiwan only) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Liáoguó (Шаблон:Zhi, Taiwan only) | |||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Vientiane | Wànxiàng (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Wīangchan (ວຽງຈັນ) | Lao | |
| Yǒngzhēn (Шаблон:Zhi)[15] | Transcription | This transcription is used in Taiwan only. | |||
Mexico
| Шаблон:Flag Mòxīgē (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Mò (Шаблон:Zhi, Taiwan only) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Baja California | Xià Jiālìfúníyǎ Zhōu (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Lower California State | |||
| Ciudad Juaréz | Huáléisī Chéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | City of Juarez | |||
| Mexico City | Mòxīgē Chéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Mexico City | Ciudad de México | Spanish | |
| Cancūn | Kǎnkūn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | ||||
Myanmar
| Шаблон:Flag Miǎndiàn (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Miǎn (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | Meaning | ||
| Yangon | Yǎngguāng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Rankun (ရန်ကုန်) | Burmese | End of fights | ||
| Mandalay | Mándélè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Mantale (မန္တလေး) | Burmese | From Pali မဏ္ဍလ (mandala) | ||
| Naypyidaw | Nèibǐdū (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Nepyitaw (နေပြည်တော်) | Burmese | Capital | ||
Nepal
| Шаблон:Flag Níbóěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Kathmandu | Jiādémǎndōu (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Kathmandu (काठमाडौं) | Nepali | ||
| Mount Everest | Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Chomolungma Mountain | Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा) | Nepali | The Chinese name is based on the Tibetan name of the mountain. |
New Zealand
| Шаблон:Flag Xīnxīlán (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Niǔxīlán (Шаблон:Zhi, Taiwan only) | ||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | ||
| Auckland | Àokèlán (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | ||
| Christchurch | Kèlàisītèchèqí (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | ||
| Jīdū Chéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Christ City | ||
| Wellington | Huìlíngdùn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | ||
| Wēilíngdùn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Taiwan and Hong Kong only | ||
North Korea
In Chinese, the country can be referred to as North Korea, but it is usually referred to just by the cognate for the endonym, Choson (조선).
| Шаблон:Flag [Běi] Cháoxiǎn ([[[:Шаблон:Zhi]]]Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Meaning | Language | ||
| Pyongyang | Píngrǎng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Peaceful Soil | Pyŏngyang (평양; 平壤) | Peaceful Soil | Korean | |
| Rason | Luóxiān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | To collect early | Raseon (라선; 羅先) | To collect early | Korean | |
| Nampo | Nánpǔ (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | South of the riverside | Nampo (남포; 南浦) | South of the riverside | Korean | |
| Kaesong | Kāichéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Open city | Gaeseong (개성; 開城) | Open city | Korean | |
| Pyongsong | Píngchéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Peaceful city | Pyeongseong (평성; 平城) | Peaceful city | Korean | |
| Hamhung | Xiánxīng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | South of the riverside | Hamheung (함흥; 南浦) | South of the riverside | Korean | |
| Sinuiju | Xīnyìzhōu (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | New Uiju | Sinuiju (신의주; 新義州) | New Uiju | Korean | |
| Chongjin | Qīngjīn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Clear ford | Cheongjin (청진; 淸津) | Clear ford | Korean | |
| Haeju | Hǎizhōu (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Sea province | Haeju (해주; 海州) | Sea province | Korean | |
| Sariwon | Shālǐyuàn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | meaning unknown | Sariwon (사리원; 沙里院) | meaning unknown | Korean | |
| Wonsan | Yuánshān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Primary mountain | Wonsan (원산; 元山) | Primary mountain | Korean | |
| Kanggye | Jiāngjiè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Boundary of the river | Ganggye (강계; 江界) | Boundary of the river | Korean | |
| Hyesan | Huìshān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Favour from the mountain | Hyesan (혜산; 惠山) | Favour from the mountain | Korean | |
| Korea Bay | Xīcháoxiǎnwān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | West Choson Bay | Sŏjosŏn Man (서조선만; 西朝鮮灣) | West Choson Bay | Korean | This name uses the Chinese name for North Korea, Cháoxiǎn (Шаблон:Zhi) |
| Xīhánwān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | West Han Bay | Sǒhan Man (서한만; 西韓灣) | West Han Bay | Korean | This name uses the Chinese name for South Korea, Hán (Шаблон:Zhi) | |
| Paektu Mountain | Chǎngbáishān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Long White Mountain | Baekdu San (백두산; 白頭山) | White-head Mountain | Korean | The mountain is set on the China-North Korea border, which is why the mountain has noticeably different names in both languages |
| Tumen River | Túmen Jiāng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Duman Gang (두만강; 豆滿江) | Korean | |||
| Yalu River | Yālǜ Jiāng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Unknown | Duck-green River | Amnok Gang (압록강; 鴨綠江) | Korean | The origin of the name is unknown, though it possibly came from the Manchu name Yalu Ula (ᠶᠠᠯᡠ ᡠᠯᠠ) | |
Philippines
| Шаблон:Flag Fēilǜbīn (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated by Fēi (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Manila | Mǎnílā (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Maynilà | Filipino | |
Poland
| Шаблон:Flag Bōlán (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated by Bō (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Warsaw | Huáshā (Шаблон:Zhi)[16] | Transcription | Warszawa | Polish | |
Portugal
| Шаблон:Flag Pútáoyá (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated by Pú (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Lisbon | Lǐsīběn (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Lisboa | Portuguese | More common name | |
| Pújīng (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Portuguese capital | ||||
Russia
| Шаблон:Flag Éluósī (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated by É (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Éguó (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Moscow | Mòsīkē (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Moskva (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Saint Petersburg | Shèng Bǐdébǎo (Шаблон:Zhi) [1] | Translation-transcription mix | Saint Peter Fortress | Sankt-Peterburg (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | |
| Novosibirsk | Xīnxībólìyà(Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | New Siberia | Novosibirsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | |
| Yekaterinburg | Yèkǎjiélínbǎo (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Katherine Fortress | Yekaterinburg (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | |
| Kazan | Kāshān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Kazan (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Nizhny Novgorod | Xià Nuòfūgēluódé (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Lower Novgorod | Nizhny Novgorod (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | |
| Chelyabinsk | Chēlǐyǎbīnsīkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Chelyabinsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Krasnoyarsk | Kèlāsīnuòyà'ěrsīkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Krasnoyarsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Samara | Sàmǎlā (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Samara (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Ufa | Wūfǎ (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Ufa (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Rostov-on-Don | Dùn Hé pàn Luósītuōfū (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Rostov banked on the Don River | Rostov-na-Donu (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | |
| Omsk | Èmùsīkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Omsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Krasnodar | Kèlāsīnuòdá'ěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Krasnodar (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Voronezh | Wòluónièrì (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Voronezh (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Perm | Bǐ'ěrmǔ (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Perm (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Volgograd | Fú'ěrjiāgélè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Volgograd (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Saratov | Sàlātuōfū (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Saratov (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Tyumen | Qiūmíng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Tyumen (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Tolyatti | Táolǐyǎdì (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Tolyatti (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Barnaul | Bā'ěrnǎoěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Barnaul (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Izhevsk | Yīrèfūsīkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Izhevsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Makhachkala | Mǎhāqíkǎlā (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Makhachkala (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Kharabovsk | Bólì (Шаблон:Zhi) | Native name | Kharabovsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | 伯力 is the native Chinese name of Kharabovsk. The transcription of the Russian name is Hābāluófūsīkè (哈巴羅夫斯克). | |
| Ulyanovsk | Wūlǐyángnuòfūsīkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Ulyanovsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Irkutsk | Yī'ěrkùcíkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Irkutsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Vladivostok | Hǎishēnwǎi (Шаблон:Zhi) | Native name | Curve of the sea cucumber | Vladivostok (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | 海參崴 is the native Chinese name of Vladivostok. The transcription of the Russian name is Fúlādíwòsītuōkè (符拉迪沃斯托克). |
| Yaroslavl | Yǎluósīlāfūěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Yaroslavl (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Kemerovo | Kèmàiluówò (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Kemerovo (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
| Tomsk | Tuōmùsīkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Tomsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||
Saudi Arabia
| Шаблон:Flag Shātè Ālābó (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated by Shātè (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Shāguó (Шаблон:Zhi, Taiwan only), Shāwūdìālābó (Шаблон:Zhi, Taiwan only), Shādìālābó (Шаблон:Zhi, Hong Kong only) | |||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Mecca | Màijiā (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Makkah | Arabic | |
Serbia
| Шаблон:Flag Sài'ěrwéiyà (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Sài (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Belgrade | Bèi'ěrgéláidé (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Beograd (Шаблон:Lang) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Novi Sad | Nuòwéi Sàdé (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Novi Sad (Шаблон:Lang) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Niš | Níshí (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Niš (Шаблон:Lang) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Kragujevac | Kèlāgǔyéwǎcí (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Kragujevac (Шаблон:Lang) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Subotica | Sūbódìchá (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Subotica (Шаблон:Lang) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Leskovac | Láisīkēwǎcí (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Leskovac (Шаблон:Lang) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Pančevo | Pānqièwò (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Pančevo (Шаблон:Lang) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Kruševac | Kèlǔshěwǎcí (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Kruševac (Шаблон:Lang) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Kraljevo | Kèlālièwò (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Kraljevo (Шаблон:Lang) | Serbo-Croatian | |
| Novi Pazar | Xīn Pàzhā'ěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Novi Pazar (Шаблон:Lang) | Serbo-Croatian | |
South Korea
In Chinese, the country is not usually referred to as South Korea, but by the cognate for the endonym, Hanguk (한국).
| Шаблон:Flag Hánguó (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated by Hán (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Nánhán (Шаблон:Zhi), Náncháoxiǎn (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Seoul | Hànchéng (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Han River city, large city | Sǒul (서울) | Korean | |
| Shǒu'ěr (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Seoul (Korean 서울) had no official hanja until 2005. | ||||
| Busan | Fǔshān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Cauldron Mountain | Busan (부산; 釜山) | Korean | |
| Daegu | Dàqiū (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Great mound | Busan (대구; 大邱) | Korean | |
| Incheon | Rénchuān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Benevolent River | Inchŏn (인천) | Korean | |
| Gwangju | Guāngzhōu (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Bright province | Gwangju (광주; 光州) | Korean | |
| Daejeon | Dàtián (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Great field | Daejeon (대전; 大田) | Korean | |
| Ulsan | Yùshān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Place on the mountain | Inchŏn (울산; 蔚山) | Korean | |
| Sejong | Shìzōng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Named after King Sejong the Great | Sejong (세종; 世宗) | Korean | |
| Cheongju | Qīngzhōu (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Clear province | Cheongju (청주; 淸州) | Korean | |
| Hongseong | Hóngchéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Flooded city | Hongseong (홍성; 洪城) | Korean | |
| Chuncheon | Chūnchuān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | River in the spring | Chuncheon (춘천; 春川) | Korean | |
| Suwon | Shuǐyuán (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Water plains | Suwon (수원; 水原) | Korean | |
| Andong | Āndōng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Peace in the east | Andong (안동; 安東) | Korean | |
| Changwon | Chāngyuán (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Prosperous plains | Changwon (창원; 昌原) | Korean | |
| Jeonju | Quánzhōu (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Entire province | Jeonju (전주; 全州) | Korean | |
| Muan | Wù'ān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Service of peace | Muan (무안; 務安) | Korean | |
| Jeju | Jìzhōu (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Frugal province | Jeju (제주; 濟州) | Korean | |
| Gangnam | Jiāngnán (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | South of the River | Gangnam (강남; 江南) | Korean | |
| Jeju Island | Jìzhōu Dǎo (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Cross Continent Island | Jeju-do (제주도; 濟州島) | Korean | |
| Korea Bay | Xīcháoxiǎnwān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | West Choson
Bay |
Sŏjosŏn Man (서조선만; 西朝鮮灣) | Korean | This name uses the Chinese name for North Korea, Cháoxiǎn (Шаблон:Zhi) |
| Xīhánwān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | West Han
Bay |
Sǒhan Man (서한만; 西韓灣) | Korean | This name uses the Chinese name for South Korea, Hán (Шаблон:Zhi) | |
| Pyeongchang | Píngchāng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Peaceful Radiance | Pyŏngchang (평창; 平昌) | Korean | |
Sri Lanka
| Шаблон:Flag Sīlǐlánkǎ (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Colombo | Kēlúnpō (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Kolamba (කොළඹ) | Sinhala | |
| Kělúnpō (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Kozhumpu (கொழும்பு) | Tamil | Exonym used in Taiwan only | |
Syria
| Шаблон:Flag Xùlìyǎ (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated by Xù (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Damascus | Dàmǎshìgé (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Dimašq (دمشق) | Arabic | |
Turkey
| Шаблон:Flag Tǔ'ěrqí (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Istanbul | Yīsītǎnbù'ěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Istanbul | Turkish | |
Thailand
| Шаблон:Flag Tàiguó (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated by Tài (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Bangkok | Màngǔ (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Krung Thep (กรุงเทพ) | Thai | Transcription thru Teochew dialect of Hokkien; where Шаблон:Zhi is pronounced as "bhuêng2 gog4" | |
| Chiang Mai | Qīngmài (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | Chiangmai (เชียงใหม่) | Thai | Transcription thru Teochew dialect of Hokkien, where Шаблон:Zhi is pronounced as "cêng1 mai6" | |
| Chiang Rai | Qīnglái (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Chiangrai
(ชียงราย) |
Thai | ||
Ukraine
Because many of the Chinese names for Ukrainian cities originate from their Russian names, the Russian names have been included for comparison.
| Шаблон:Flag Wūkèlán (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated by Шаблон:Zhi (Wū) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Vinnytsya | Wénníchá (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Vinnytsya (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Vinnitsa (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Vinnitsa (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Lutsk | Lúcíkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Luts'k (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | |
| Lutsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Dnipro | Dìnièbóluó (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Dnipro (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | From Ukrainian name Dnipro (Шаблон:Lang). Shortened form of the older Chinese name Dìnièbóluóbǐdéluófūsīkè (第聶伯羅彼得羅夫斯克; from the Russian name Dnepropetrovsk (Шаблон:Lang)) |
| Dnepr (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Donetsk | Dùnniècíkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Donets'k (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | |
| Donetsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Zhytomyr | Rìtuōmǐ'ěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Zhytomyr (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | |
| Zhitomir (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Uzhhorod | Wūrìgēluōdé (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Uzhhorod (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Uzhgorod (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Uzhgorod (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Zaporizhzhia | Zhābōluórè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Zaporizhzhia (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Zaporozhe (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Zaporozh'e (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Ivano-Frankivsk | Yīwànnuò-Fúlánkēfūsīkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Ivano-Frankivs'k (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Ivano-Frankovsk (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Ivano-Frankovsk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Kyiv | Jīfǔ (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Kyiv (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Kiev (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Kiev (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Kropyvnytskyi | Kèluópífūnícíjī (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Kropyvnyts'kyi (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | |
| Kropivnitskiy (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Luhansk | Lúgānsīkè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Luhans'k (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Lugansk (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Lugansk (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Lviv | Lèwéifu (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | L'viv (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Lvov (Шаблон:Lang) |
| L'vov (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Mykolaiv | Nígǔlāyēfū (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Mykolaiv (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Nikolaev (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Nikolaev (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Odesa | Áodésà (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Odesa (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | |
| Odessa (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Poltava | Bō'ěrtǎwǎ (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Poltava (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | |
| Poltava (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Rivne | Luófūnuò (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Rivne (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Rovno (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Rovno (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Sumy | Sūméi (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Sumy (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | |
| Sumy (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Ternopil | Jié'ěrnuòbō'ěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Ternopil' (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Ternopol (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Ternopol' (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Kharkiv | Hā'ěrkēfū (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Kharkiv (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Kharkov (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Khar'kov (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Kherson | Hè'ěrsōng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Kherson (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | |
| Kherson (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Khmelnytskyi | Hèméilìnícíjī (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Khmel'nyts'kyi (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | |
| Khmel'nitskiy (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Cherkasy | Qiè'ěrkǎsè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Cherkasy (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | |
| Cherkassy (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Chernihiv | Qiè'ěrnígēfū (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Chernihiv (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Chernigov (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Chernigov (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Chernivtsy | Qiè'ěrnuòfūcè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Chernivtsi (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | From Russian name Chernovtsy (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Chernovtsy (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Sevastopol | Sàiwǎsītuōbō'ěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Sevastopol' (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | |
| Sevastopol' (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
| Simferopol | Xīnfēiluōbō'ěr (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Simferopol' (Шаблон:Lang) | Ukrainian | |
| Simferopol' (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
United Kingdom
| Шаблон:Flag Yīngguó (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated by Шаблон:Zhi (Yīng) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): [Dàyīng] Liánhé Wángguó ([[[:Шаблон:Zhi]]] Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Cambridge | Jiànqiáo (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Sword bridge | |||
| Cardiff | Jiādìfū (Шаблон:Zhi)[17] | Transcription | ||||
| England | Yīnggélán (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | ||||
| Yīngjílì (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | |||||
| Yīnglún (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | |||||
| Liverpool | Lìwùpǔ (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| Oxford | Niújīn (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Where the oxen ford | |||
| Scotland | Sūgélán (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | ||||
| Wales | Wèiěrshí (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | ||||
| Westminster | Xīmǐn (Шаблон:Zhi)[18] | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| York | Yuēkè (Шаблон:Zhi)[19] | Transcription | ||||
United States
| Шаблон:Flag Měiguó (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated as Měi (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Yàměilìjiā (Шаблон:Zhi), Měilìjiān (Шаблон:Zhi), Měilìjiān Hézhòngguó (Шаблон:Zhi), Mĭguó (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Antelope Valley | Língyáng Gǔ (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Bridgeport | Qiáo Gǎng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Broken Arrow | Duàn Jiàn Chéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Buffalo | Shuǐniúchéng (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Water buffalo city | |||
| California | Jiāzhōu (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| Jīnzhōu (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Golden State | ||||
| Cambridge | Jiànqiáo (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| College Station | Dàxué Chéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Colorado Springs | Kēluólāduōquán (Шаблон:Zhi)[20] | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| Diamond Bar | Zuànshí Bā (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Florida | Fóluólǐdá zhōu/Fózhōu (Шаблон:Zhi/Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| Grand Prairie | Dà Cǎoyuán Chéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Grand Rapids | Dà Jíliú Chéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Green Bay | Lǜ Wān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Honolulu | Tánxiāngshān (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Special History | Fragrant sandalwood mountain | |||
| Independence | Dúlì Shì (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Los Angeles | Luòshānjī (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Transcription | ||||
| Little Rock | Xiǎo Yánchéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Locke | Lèjū (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | ||||
| Long Beach | Chǎngtān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| New Orleans | Xīn ào'ěrliáng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| Orange | Jú Shì (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Orange County | Jú Jùn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Palm Bay | Zōnglǘ Wān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Palmdale | Zōnglǘ Gǔ (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Philadelphia | Fèi Chéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | ||||
| Phoenix | Fènghuángchéng (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Fenghuang City | |||
| Sacramento | Èrbù (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Special History | Second Port | Used by the first generations of Chinese immigrants, but rarely today. | ||
| Saint Louis | Shènglùyìsī (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Shèng (Шаблон:Zhi) is used for place names that contain the word "Saint" or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Shèng (Шаблон:Zhi) and "Saint" are false cognates. | |||
| Salt Lake City | Yánhúchéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Salt Lake City | |||
| San Diego | Shèngdìyàgē (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Shèng (Шаблон:Zhi) is used for place names that contain the word "Saint" or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Shèng (Шаблон:Zhi) and "Saint" are false cognates. | |||
| San José | Shènghéxī (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Shèng (Шаблон:Zhi) is used for place names that contain the word "Saint" or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Shèng (Шаблон:Zhi) and "Saint" are false cognates. | |||
| San Francisco | Jiùjīnshān (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Special History | Old Gold Mountain | Early Chinese immigrants and migrant workers to the United States nicknamed the city "Old Gold Mountain" in reference to the California Gold Rush, as many Chinese would come to search for gold in California and would arrive in the country via San Francisco.[21] Many Chinese called the city "Gold Mountain". However, when gold was discovered in Melbourne, Australia, San Francisco was re-nicknamed "Old Gold Mountain" and Melbourne was nicknamed "New Gold Mountain", or Шаблон:Zhi (Xīn jīnshān) in Chinese.[2] Name used by the governments of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. | ||
| Sānfānshì (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Sometimes shown side by side with Jiujinshan, in parentheses. Official name used by the government of Hong Kong and more common in Cantonese. | ||||
| Dàbù (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Special History | Big port | Used by the first generations of Chinese immigrants, but rarely today. | |||
| Santa Fe | Shèngtǎfēi (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Shèng (Шаблон:Zhi) is used for place names that contain the word "Saint" or one of its cognates in another language. Interestingly enough, Shèng (Шаблон:Zhi) and "Saint" are false cognates. | |||
| Springfield | Chūntián Shì (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Solvang | Dānmài Cūn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Danish village | |||
| Stockton | Sānbù (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Special History | Third Port | Used by the first generations of Chinese immigrants, but rarely today. | ||
| Thousand Oaks | Qiān Xiàng Chéng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Walnut | Hétáo Shì (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Washington D.C. | Huáshèngdùn(tèqū) (Шаблон:Zhi (Шаблон:Zhi))[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Washington (special district) | |||
| West Palm Beach | Xī Zōnglǘ Tān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
| Yellowstone National Park | Huángshí Guójiā Gōngyuán (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | ||||
Uzbekistan
Because many of the Chinese names for Uzbek cities originate from their Russian names, the Russian names have been included for comparison.
| Шаблон:Flag Wūzībiékèsītǎn (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Wūzībiékè (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Tashkent | Tǎshígàn (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Toshkent (Шаблон:Lang) | Uzbek | From Russian name Tashkent (Шаблон:Lang) |
| Tashkent (Шаблон:Lang) | Russian | ||||
Vietnam
| Шаблон:Flag Yuènán (Шаблон:Zhi); abbreviated by Yuè (Шаблон:Zhi) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | |||
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | Name | Language | ||
| Cần Thơ | Qínjū (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Celery sack | Cần Thơ (Шаблон:Lang) | Vietnamese | |
| Da Lat | Dàlè (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Đà Lạt (Шаблон:Lang) | Vietnamese | The native Vietnamese name in Chữ Nôm is 多樂 (Duōlè). | |
| Da Nang | Xiàngǎng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Steep hill harbor | Đà Nẵng (Шаблон:Lang) | Vietnamese | The native Vietnamese name in Chữ Nôm is 沱㶞 (Tuónǎng). |
| Dien Bien Phu | Diànbiānfǔ (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Điện Biên prefecture | Điện Biên Phủ (Шаблон:Lang) | Vietnamese | |
| Haiphong | Hǎifáng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Sea defence | Hải Phòng (Шаблон:Lang) | Vietnamese | |
| Hạ Long Bay | Xiàlóng Wān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | descending dragon | Vịnh Hạ Long (Шаблон:Lang) | Vietnamese | |
| Hanoi | Hénèi (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation | Within the river | Hà Nội (Шаблон:Lang) | Vietnamese | |
| Ho Chi Minh City | Hú Zhìmíng Shì (Шаблон:Zhi)[1] | Translation-transcription mix | Ho Chi Minh City | Thành phó Hò Chí Minh (Шаблон:Lang) | Vietnamese | Hú Zhìmíng (Шаблон:Zhi) is the Chinese pronunciation of the Chinese characters that make up the name Ho Chi Minh |
| Xīgòng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Saigon | Sài Gòn (Шаблон:Lang) | Vietnamese | The native Vietnamese name in Chữ Nôm is 柴棍 (Cháigùn). | |
| Hội An | Huì'ān (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Gathering of peace | Hội An (Шаблон:Lang) | Vietnamese | |
| Huế | Shùnhuà (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Transform | Huế (Шаблон:Lang) | Vietnamese | Shùnhuà (Шаблон:Zhi) is based on the old name Thuận Hóa (Шаблон:Lang). |
| Nha Trang | Yázhuāng (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Farm sprout | Nha Trang (Шаблон:Lang) | Vietnamese | |
| Thái Nguyên | Tàiyuán (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation | Great plain | Thái Nguyên (Шаблон:Lang) | Vietnamese | The Chinese name of Thai Nguyen is identical to a city in mainland China, Taiyuan |
The vast majority of place names in Vietnam are Sino-Vietnamese (except for those derived from other minority languages of Vietnam). Most villages in the Red River Delta have both a Sino-Vietnamese name and a 'native' Vietnamese name, although in most cases it is the Sino-Vietnamese name that is retained for naming administrative divisions.
Yemen
| Шаблон:Flag Yěmén (Шаблон:Zhi) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative name(s): Yèmén (Шаблон:Zhi, Taiwan only) | |||||
| English name | Mandarin name | Endonym | Notes | ||
| Name | Type | Name | Language | ||
| Sanaa | Sànà (Шаблон:Zhi) | Transcription | Sana'a | Standard Arabic | |
International bodies of water
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | ||
| Amazon River | Yàmǎxùn Hé | Translation-transcription mix | Amazon River | |
| Arabian Sea | Ālābó Hǎi | Translation-transcription mix | Arab(ian) Sea | |
| Arctic Ocean | Běibīng Yáng | Translation | North(ern) Ice Ocean | |
| Atlantic Sea | Dàxīyáng | Translation | Great West(ern) Ocean | The Chinese translation differs from the European names of the ocean, which are named after the fictional city of Atlantis. |
| Baltic Sea | Bōluódìhǎi | Translation-transcription mix | Baltic Sea | |
| Black Sea | Hēihǎi | Translation | Black Sea | |
| Danube River | Duōnǎo Hé | Translation-transcription mix | Donau River | The Chinese name for the river is based on the German name, Donau. |
| Dead Sea | Sǐhǎi | Translation | Dead Sea | |
| East China Sea | Dōnghǎi | Translation | East Sea | |
| Indian Ocean | Yìndùyáng | Translation-transcription mix | India(n) Ocean | |
| Jordan River | Yuēdàn Hé | Translation-transcription mix | Jordan River | |
| Mekong River | Méigōng Hé | Translation-transcription mix | Mekong River | |
| Mediterranean Sea | Dìzhōnghǎi | Translation | Earth Center Sea | |
| Nile River | Níluó Hé | Translation-transcription mix | Nile River | |
| Pacific Ocean | Tàipíng Yáng | Translation | Wide Calm Ocean | |
| Persian Gulf | Bōsī Wān | Translation-transcription mix | Persia(n) Gulf | |
| Rhine River | Láiyīn Hé | Translation-transcription mix | Rhine River | |
| Sea of Japan | Rìběn Hǎi | Translation | Japan(ese) Sea | |
| South China Sea | Nánhǎi | Translation | South Sea | |
International landmarks and regions
| English name | Mandarin name | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Type | Hanzi meaning | ||
| Alps | Ā'ěrbēisī Shānmài | Translation-transcription mix | Alp Mountain Range | |
| Amazon Rainforest | Yàmǎxùn Rèdài Yǔlín | Translation-transcription mix | Amazon Tropical Rainforest | |
| Andes Mountains | Āndìsī Shānmài | Translation-transcription mix | Andes Mountain Range | |
| Annamite Range | Ānnán Shānmài
(安南山脉) |
Translation | Annam Mountain Range | |
| Balkans | Bā'ěrgàn Bàndǎo | Translation-transcription mix | Balkan Peninsula | |
| Baltic states | Bōluódìhǎi Guójiā | Translation-transcription mix | Baltic Countries | |
| British Isles | Bùlièdiān Zhūdǎo (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | British Archipelago | |
| Caribbean Islands | Jiālèbǐ Qúndǎo | Translation-transcription mix | Caribbean Archipelago | |
| Central Asia | Zhōngyà (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Central Asia | |
| East Asia | Dōngyà (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | East Asia | |
| Eurasia | Ōuyà Dàlù | Translation-transcription mix | Eurasia(n) Mainland | |
| Himalayas | Xǐmǎlāyǎ Shānmài | Translation-transcription mix | Himalaya Mountain Range | |
| Middle East | Zhōngdōng | Translation | Middle East | |
| Xīyǎ (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | West Asia | ||
| Latin America | Lādīng Měizhōu | Translation-transcription mix | Latin America(n) (Continent) | |
| Rocky Mountains | Luòjī Shānmài | Translation-transcription mix | Falling Base Mountain Range | The Chinese word Шаблон:Zhi literally means "falling base", but the pronunciation, luòjī, is an approximate transcription of the English word "rocky" |
| Scandinavia | Sīkāndìnàwéiyǎ Bàndǎo | Translation-transcription mix | Scandinavia(n) Peninsula | |
| Sahara Desert | Sǎhālā Shāmò | Translation-transcription mix | Sahara Desert | |
| South Asia | Nányà (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | South Asia | |
| Southeast Asia | Dōngnányà (Шаблон:Zhi) | Translation-transcription mix | Southeast Asia | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | Sǎhālā Yǐnán Fēizhōu | Translation-transcription mix | Africa South of Sahara | |
| Ural Mountains | Wūlā'ěr Shānmài | Translation-transcription mix | Ural Mountain Range | |
See also
References
- ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,17 1,18 1,19 1,20 1,21 1,22 1,23 1,24 1,25 1,26 1,27 1,28 1,29 1,30 1,31 1,32 1,33 1,34 1,35 1,36 1,37 1,38 1,39 1,40 1,41 1,42 1,43 1,44 1,45 1,46 1,47 1,48 1,49 1,50 1,51 1,52 1,53 1,54 1,55 1,56 1,57 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
