Английская Википедия:Chirruping wedgebill
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Speciesbox
The chirruping wedgebill (Psophodes cristatus) is a medium-sized member of the genus Psophodes, which consists or four to five songbirds endemic to Australia.[1] Commonly found in low shrublands in south-eastern inland Australia,[2] the species is distinguished by its distinctive, chirruping call.[2] The chirruping wedgebill and chiming wedgebill (Psophodes occidentalis) were considered to be a single species until as late as 1973, when they were separated due to marked differences in their calls.[2]
Taxonomy
John Gould originally described P. cristatus and P. occidentalis as one species (Sphenostoma cristatum),[3] and this remained common practice until c. 1973.[4] The separation of the species at that date was based mainly on differences in song and range.[2]
Description
The chirruping wedgebill is a medium-sized bird, measuring approximately 18–21 cm and weighing 31-64 g.[2] Its bill is dark and wedge-shaped when mature, and horn-coloured when immature. It possesses a slim upright crest, and long rounded tail.[2][5] Adult plumage consists of pale brown upperparts, with white/pale grey underparts. Flight feathers are edged with white, and the tail is coloured dark black-brown with a white tip. Immature individuals possess similar plumage, the only key differences being buff-tipped flight feathers, unlike the white tips of the mature individual.[2][5]
This bird is often misidentified as the chiming wedgebill (Psophodes occidentalis). Key identifying features include the faint breast streaking, slightly longer tail, and repetitive chirruping call.[2][5]
Call
The distinctive call of this species is described as an antiphonal duet. Accounts of the call differ slightly. Pizzey and Knight describe the male as calling sitzi-cheeri (similar to the budgerigar's rolling chirrup), while the female replies with an upward rolling r-e-e-e-t CHEER.[5] The call is described by Simpson and Day, however, as "sparrow-like and repetitive". Male chirrrp, female response of ee cheer.[6]
Distribution and habitat
The chirruping wedgebill is found throughout south-eastern inland Australia, inhabiting low, open shrublands with acacia species.[2][5] Distribution is patchy, but where found, the species is usually locally abundant. Though the species covers a large area, it is rarely found in the southern part of its range. It tends to favour areas with vegetation of bluebush, acacia stands, emu bush and lignum species.[2]
Ecology
The chirruping wedgebill is territorial throughout the year. Adults are generally sedentary, with small flocks of up to 20 birds being regularly recorded.[2][7] Juvenile birds tend to be more widely dispersed, sometimes forming loose foraging flocks of up to 100 individuals, that wander over greater distances than the adults.[7] The species is unobtrusive and reserved (though less shy than the chiming wedgebill), except when calling. While foraging, individuals make short flights (small flutters and glides) or run between cover.[2] The species is non-migratory.[8]
Diet
The chirruping wedgebill feeds predominantly by foraging for seeds and insects.[2][4][7]
Breeding
The species has several breeding seasons throughout the year: from March to May, and August to November, as well as after rain. The nest consists of a loose, shallow cup of grass, twigs and bark (lined with smaller, fine material). It is generally built in the fork of a dense tree, shrub or mistletoe, generally no more than 3 metres above the ground.[2][7] Two to three blue-green eggs with sparse dark blotches are laid at a time. The eggs are of a tapered-oval shape, measuring approximately 24 x 17 mm. Incubation length is unknown. The life span of this species is approximately 6.4 years.[8] It is not known if the sexes possess different roles in food collection or parenting.
Conservation
The chirruping wedgebill is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN.[9]
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 2,13 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
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; для сносокiucn status 12 November 2021
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- Birds described in 1838
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