Английская Википедия:Chlorine pentafluoride

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Chlorine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound with formula ClF5. This colourless liquid is a strong oxidant that was once a candidate oxidizer for rockets. The molecule adopts a square pyramidal structure with C4v symmetry,[1] as confirmed by its high-resolution 19F NMR spectrum.[2] It was first synthesized in 1963.[3]

Preparation

Some of the earliest research on the preparation was classified.[4][5] It was first prepared by fluorination of chlorine trifluoride at high temperatures and high pressures:[4]

ClF3 + F2 → ClF5
ClF + 2F2 → ClF5
Cl2 + 5F2 → 2ClF5
CsClF4 + F2 → CsF + ClF5

NiF2 catalyzes this reaction.[6]

Certain metal fluorides, MClF4 (i.e. KClF4, RbClF4, CsClF4), react with F2 to produce ClF5 and the corresponding alkali metal fluoride.[5]

Reactions

In a highly exothermic reaction, ClF5 reacts with water to produce chloryl fluoride and hydrogen fluoride:[7]

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It is also a strong fluorinating agent. At room temperature it reacts readily with all elements (including otherwise "inert" elements like platinum and gold) except noble gases, nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine.[2]

Uses

Rocket propellant

Chlorine pentafluoride was once considered for use as an oxidizer for rockets. As a propellant, it has a higher maximum specific impulse than ClF3, but with the same difficulties in handling.[4] Due to the hazardous nature of chlorine pentafluoride, it has yet to be used in a large scale rocket propulsion system.

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Chlorine compounds Шаблон:Fluorine compounds