Английская Википедия:Cholm Shield
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use shortened footnotes Шаблон:Infobox award The Cholm Shield (Шаблон:Lang-de) was a World War II German military decoration awarded to those who fought in the Cholm Pocket on the Eastern Front between 21 January and 5 May 1942. It was instituted on 1 July 1942 and is the rarest of the German combat shields, with approximately 5,500 recipients. Awards ceased to be bestowed on 1 April 1943.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Background and design
In January 1942, the Soviet Red Army began a series of counteroffensives against the German Army. In the course of these operations, the German occupied town of Cholm (or Kholm) was attacked on 18 January 1942. By the 21 January the town was surrounded and cut off, creating the Cholm Pocket. Led by Generalmajor Theodor Scherer, a mixed group of Wehrmacht Heer, Luftwaffe fallschirmjager, Waffen-SS panzergrenadiers and Ordnungspolizei personnel were supplied by air until relieved on 5 May 1942.Шаблон:Sfn
After the relief of Cholm, a commemorative shield was suggested by General Scherer to Adolf Hitler, who agreed to the award.Шаблон:Sfn A design by Polizei-Rottwachtmeister Schlimmer, a veteran of the pocket, was then approved by Hitler, with some minor changes made by Professor Richard Klein.Шаблон:Sfn
The award features a shield, 38mm wide and 65mm high,Шаблон:Sfn with a large "open-winged" Wehrmacht-style eagle grasping an Iron Cross with a swastika at its centre. Below this is written CHOLM in capitals, and then the date 1942.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The shields were hollow stamped metal washed in silver.Шаблон:Sfn A backing plate was attached with a number of prongs, and affixed to a piece of coloured cloth that matched the colour of the uniform of the recipient's arm of service.Шаблон:Sfn
After an initial ban, the Federal Republic of Germany re-authorised the wear of many World War II military decorations in 1957. These included the Cholm Shield, re-designed by removing the swastika emblem from the centre of the Iron Cross. Members of the Bundeswehr could wear the shield on the ribbon bar, represented by a small replica of the award on a field grey ribbon.Шаблон:Sfn
Criteria for award
To receive the shield, military personnel had, between 21 January and 5 May 1942, to have:Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
- served honourably within the Cholm Pocket; or
- flown and landed at the airfield within the pocket for resupply operations. Merely dropping supplies from the air did not qualify.
The Cholm Shield was worn on the left upper sleeve of the uniform of soldiers and airmen.Шаблон:Sfn Those with two campaign shields would wear them one above the other, separated by half a cm. Holders of three shields wore the earliest received uppermost, with the remaining two worn beside each other below. For civilian clothes, a smaller shield roughly 16mm across with a needle fitting could be worn on the left lapel.Шаблон:Sfn
See also
- Campaign shields (Wehrmacht)
- Crimea Shield
- Demyansk Shield
- Kuban Shield
- Lapland Shield
- Narvik Shield
- Warsaw Shield
Notes
References
Шаблон:List of military decorations of the Third Reich
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Military awards and decorations of Nazi Germany
- Awards established in 1942
- 1942 establishments in Germany
- German campaign medals
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
