Английская Википедия:Chouchi
Chouchi (Шаблон:Zh), or Qiuchi (Шаблон:Zh), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Yang clan of Di ethnicity in modern-day Gansu Province. Its existence spanned both the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern and Southern dynasties periods, but it is not listed among one of these regimes in historiography.[1][2][3][4]
History
At the beginning of the 3rd century CE Yang Teng (Шаблон:Lang), chieftain of the White Neck Di (Шаблон:Lang), had occupied the southeast area of modern Gansu province, at the upper course of the Han River. His followers Yang Ju (Шаблон:Lang) and Yang Qianwan (Шаблон:Lang) paid tribute to the emperors of the Cao-Wei Dynasty and were rewarded with the title of prince (Шаблон:Transl Шаблон:Lang).[5][6][3] Yang Feilong (Шаблон:Lang) shifted the center of the Chouchi realm back to Lüeyang, where his successor Yang Maosou reigned as an independent king at the beginning of the 4th century. The Chouchi troops often plundered territories in the Central Plains to the east and abducted people there, but the troops of Eastern Jin and Han-Zhao deprived the Chouchi empire of some of its people. In 322 Yang Nandi suffered a defeat at the hands of Han-Zhao and was degraded to prince of Wudu (Шаблон:Lang) and duke of Chouchi (Шаблон:Lang). The following years were characterized by numerous internal struggles among the Yang clan and several usurpations of the throne. The rulers were not seen as mere regional inspectors (Шаблон:Transl Шаблон:Lang) or governors (Шаблон:Transl Шаблон:Lang) of their region under the government of Jin.[3]
In 371 Fu Jian, ruler of Former Qin, attacked Chouchi, captured the ruler Yang Cuan (Шаблон:Lang) and ended the period of Former Chouchi.[3]
Yang Ding, a great-great-grandson of Yang Maosou, and a son-in-law of Fu Jian, resurrected the Chouchi kingdom in 385, with the capital at Licheng (Шаблон:Lang). His younger brother Yang Sheng (Шаблон:Lang) was able to conquer the region of Liangzhou (Шаблон:Lang) at the upper course of the Han River, and declared himself governor for the Jin Dynasty. Efforts to occupy the territory of modern Sichuan failed, but Chouchi controlled a large part of the modern provinces of Gansu (east) and Shaanxi (south).[3]
After 443, the lords of Chouchi were only puppet rulers controlled by the Northern and Southern dynasties. Historians talk of the five realms of Chouchi (Шаблон:Transl Шаблон:Lang): Former and Later Chouchi (Шаблон:Transl Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Transl Шаблон:Lang), Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang), Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang), and Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang).[5][7][3] Former Chouchi lasted between 296 and 371 while Later Chouchi lasted between 385 and 443. In 443, the Northern Wei conquered Chouchi, but was restored by Yang Wende that same year, beginning the Wudu period, although it could also be seen as a continuation of Later Chouchi. After the death of Yang Wendu in 477, the realm split into Yinping and Wuxing, the former lasting until around the mid-6th century and the latter lasting until 553.
Rulers
| Posthumous Names | Common names in Chinese characters | Durations of reigns or in office | Era names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Former Chouchi (296–371) | |||
| [[Yang Maosou|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 296–317 | ||
| [[Yang Nandi|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 317–334 | ||
| [[Yang Yi (Chouchi)|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 334–337 | ||
| [[Yang Chu (Chouchi)|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 337–355 | ||
| [[Yang Guo (Chouchi)|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 355–356 | ||
| [[Yang Jun (Chouchi)|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 356–360 | ||
| [[Yang Shi (Chouchi)|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 360–370 | ||
| [[Yang Cuan|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 370–371 | ||
| Later Chouchi (385–477) | |||
| Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang) | [[Yang Ding (Chouchi)|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 385–394 | |
| Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang) | [[Yang Sheng (Chouchi)|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 394–425 | |
| Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang) | [[Yang Xuan|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 425–429 | |
| [[Yang Baozong|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 429 and 443 | ||
| [[Yang Nandang|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 429–441 | Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang) 436–440 | |
| [[Yang Baochi|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 442–443 | ||
| Kings of Wudu (443–477) | |||
| [[Yang Wende|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 443–454 | ||
| [[Yang Yuanhe|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 455–466 | ||
| [[Yang Sengsi|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 466–473 | ||
| [[Yang Wendu|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 473–477 | ||
| Kings of Wuxing (477–506 and 534–555) | |||
| [[Yang Wenhong|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 477–482 | ||
| [[Yang Houqi|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 482–486 | ||
| Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lang) | [[Yang Jishi|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 482–503 | |
| [[Yang Shaoxian|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 503–506, 534–535 | ||
| [[Yang Zhihui|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 535–545 | ||
| [[Yang Bixie|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 545–553 | ||
| Note: Yang Zhihui and Yang Bixie could be the same person | |||
| Kings of Yinping (477–mid 6th century) | |||
| [[Yang Guangxiang|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 477–483? | ||
| [[Yang Jiong (King of Yinping)|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 483–495 | ||
| [[Yang Chongzu|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 495–before 502 | ||
| [[Yang Mengsun|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | before 502–511 | ||
| [[Yang Ding (King of Yinping)|Шаблон:Transl]] (Шаблон:Lang) | 511–? | ||
| Yáng Tàichì (Шаблон:Lang) | Шаблон:Circa | ||
| Yáng Fǎshēn (Шаблон:Lang) | 520s–Шаблон:Circa | ||
References
See also
