Английская Википедия:Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Infobox scientist
Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters (September 19, 1813 – July 18, 1890) was a German–American astronomer and professor at Hamilton College, New York, and a pioneer in the study and visual discovery of asteroids. His name is often given as Шаблон:Nowrap.[1][2]
Biography
He was born in Koldenbüttel in Schleswig, then part of Denmark, but which was later annexed to Germany. His younger brother was the German explorer Wilhelm Peters.[3] He received a Ph.D from the University of Berlin in 1836 and thereafter continued his studies in Göttingen with the renowned mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss. From 1838 to 1843 he was engaged in surveys of Mount Etna, in Sicily, where he also made astronomical observations, and afterwards participated in the complete geodetic survey of the island.[4]
During the Revolutions of 1848, Peters became involved with some of the radical, antimonarchical groups in Sicily that brought him to the attention of authorities. He subsequently fled to France and eventually to the Ottoman Empire, where he became a government advisor.[5] At the suggestion of the resident U.S. consul in Istanbul, George P. Marsh, he emigrated to the United States in 1854. After an appointment as director of the new Dudley Observatory in Albany fell through, he made his way to Clinton, New York, where he was made director of the Litchfield Observatory at Hamilton College in 1858, and professor of astronomy in 1867. He was the first member of the Hamilton faculty to hold a Ph.D degree.[6]
In 1874, Peters headed a United States Naval Observatory expedition to Queenstown, New Zealand, to observe the Transit of Venus. The visit is marked with a plaque, campaigned for by Sarah Salmond.[7]
In 1878, Peters was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society.[8]
Working at Hamilton College's Litchfield Observatory in Clinton, New York (near Utica), he was a prolific discoverer of asteroids, discovering 48 of them, beginning with 72 Feronia in 1861 and ending with 287 Nephthys in 1889.[9] Besides asteroids, he co-discovered the periodic comet 80P/Peters–Hartley, and also discovered various nebulae and galaxies.Шаблон:Citation needed
Beginning in 1889, Peters was involved in litigation with his former student and assistant Charles A. Borst, in what became known as the "Great Star-Catalog Case".[10] While working for Peters as assistant director of the Litchfield Observatory, Borst had spent his spare time gathering an extensive amount of data for a new and revised star chart based on preliminary work done by Peters. When it came time to publish the results, however, Peters attempted to claim the entire project as his own, arguing that Borst was merely an employee and not a formal collaborator and that the research was his property as head of the observatory. Peters sued to force Borst to turn over the observational data he had collected.[11] The judge found for Peters, but many astronomers and newspapers sided with Borst and Peters died not long after. The initial judgment was ultimately reversed on appeal and a new trial was ordered, but it never took place. The eminent astronomer Simon Newcomb devotes a chapter in his memoirs to Peters, as an object lesson in how great scientific talent and poor ethical standards may coexist in a single individual.[12]
He died July 18, 1890, in Utica. Historian William Sheehan notes, "Peters was found lying, a half-burned cigar at his fingertips, on the doorstep of the building where he lodged; observing cap on his head, he had fallen in the line of duty, on the way to the observatory the night before."[1]
Honors
Main-belt asteroid 100007 Peters, discovered by Eric Walter Elst at La Silla Observatory in 1988, was named in his memory, based on a suggestion by French amateur astronomer Michel-Alain Combes (born 1942).[2] The asteroid measures approximately 7.5 kilometers in diameter and belongs to the carbonaceous Alauda family. The official Шаблон:MoMP was published by the Minor Planet Center on 5 January 2015 (Шаблон:Small).[13]
List of discovered minor planets
Between 1861 and 1889, C. H. F. Peters discovered 48 asteroids at Litchfield Observatory Шаблон:Obscode at Hamilton College, New York, where he enjoyed the title "Litchfield professor of astronomy".[1][9]
| 72 Feronia | 29 May 1861 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 75 Eurydike | 22 September 1862 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 77 Frigga | 12 November 1862 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 85 Io | 19 September 1865 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 88 Thisbe | 15 June 1866 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 92 Undina | 7 July 1867 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 98 Ianthe | 18 April 1868 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 102 Miriam | 22 August 1868 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 109 Felicitas | 9 October 1869 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 111 Ate | 14 August 1870 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 112 Iphigenia | 19 September 1870 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 114 Kassandra | 23 July 1871 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 116 Sirona | 8 September 1871 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 122 Gerda | 31 July 1872 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 123 Brunhild | 31 July 1872 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 124 Alkeste | 23 August 1872 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 129 Antigone | 5 February 1873 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 130 Elektra | 17 February 1873 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 131 Vala | 24 May 1873 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 135 Hertha | 18 February 1874 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 144 Vibilia | 3 June 1875 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 145 Adeona | 3 June 1875 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 160 Una | 20 February 1876 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 165 Loreley | 9 August 1876 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 166 Rhodope | 15 August 1876 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 167 Urda | 28 August 1876 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 176 Iduna | 14 October 1877 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 185 Eunike | 1 March 1878 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 188 Menippe | 18 June 1878 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 189 Phthia | 9 September 1878 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 190 Ismene | 22 September 1878 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 191 Kolga | 30 September 1878 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 194 Prokne | 21 March 1879 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 196 Philomela | 14 May 1879 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 199 Byblis | 9 July 1879 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 200 Dynamene | 27 July 1879 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 202 Chryseïs | 11 September 1879 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 203 Pompeja | 25 September 1879 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 206 Hersilia | 13 October 1879 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 209 Dido | 22 October 1879 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 213 Lilaea | 16 February 1880 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 234 Barbara | 12 August 1883 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 249 Ilse | 16 August 1885 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 259 Aletheia | 28 June 1886 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 261 Prymno | 31 October 1886 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 264 Libussa | 22 December 1886 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 270 Anahita | 8 October 1887 | Шаблон:LoMP |
| 287 Nephthys | 25 August 1889 | Шаблон:LoMP |
References
External links
- Obituary, Astronomische Nachrichten Шаблон:In lang
- C. H. F. Peters, National Academy of Science
- Michel-Alain Combes, atlantipedia.ie
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокBio-Petersне указан текст - ↑ 2,0 2,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокMPC-Petersне указан текст - ↑ Landeskirchliches Archiv der Evang.-Luth. Kirche, Kirchenkreis Nordfriesland, Koldenbüttel, Taufen 1779-1873
- ↑ Sheehan, pp. 4-5
- ↑ Sheehan, p. 6
- ↑ Walter Pilkington, Hamilton College, 1812-1962, pp. 197-8
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite Q
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокMPC-Discoverersне указан текст - ↑ https://casetext.com/case/root-v-borst
- ↑ "At War about the Stars," The New York Times (February 1, 1889)
- ↑ Simon Newcomb, The Reminiscences of an Astronomer, (Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1903), p. 372-381
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокMPC-Circulars-Archiveне указан текст
- Английская Википедия
- 1813 births
- 1890 deaths
- 19th-century American astronomers
- American people of Danish descent
- American people of German descent
- Discoverers of asteroids
- Discoveries by Christian Peters
- Recipients of the Lalande Prize
- People from Nordfriesland
- Hamilton College (New York) faculty
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
- Страницы с ошибками в примечаниях
