Английская Википедия:Christina Crawford

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Christina Crawford is an American author and actress, best known for her 1978 memoir and exposé, Mommie Dearest, which described the alleged abuse she was subjected to by her adoptive mother, film star Joan Crawford.

Early life and education

Christina was one of five children adopted by Joan Crawford.

After graduating from Flintridge Sacred Heart Academy, she moved from California to Pittsburgh to attend Carnegie Mellon School of Drama. Her mother paid for Christina's education to study acting. Christina dropped out of college after only one semester and then moved to New York City, where she studied at the Neighborhood Playhouse.

After fourteen years as an actress, Crawford returned to college, graduating magna cum laude from UCLA and receiving her master's degree from the Annenberg School of Communication at USC. Then she worked in corporate communications at the Los Angeles headquarters of Getty Oil Company.

Career

Crawford appeared in summer stock theater, including a production of Splendor in the Grass. She also acted in a number of Off-Broadway productions, including In Color on Sundays (1958). She also appeared in At Christmas Time (1959) and Dark of the Moon (1959) at the Fred Miller Theater in Milwaukee, and The Moon Is Blue (1960).

In 1960, due to her mother's career in film, Crawford was given a supporting role in the crime drama film Force of Impulse, which was released in 1961. Also in 1961, Crawford was assigned a small role in the musical Wild in the Country, a film starring Elvis Presley. That year, she made a guest appearance on Here's Hollywood.

In 1962, she appeared in the play The Complaisant Lover. She played five character parts in Ben Hecht's controversial play Winkelberg. The same year, she appeared on the CBS courtroom drama The Verdict is Yours. In October 1965, she appeared in Neil Simon's Barefoot in the Park, with Myrna Loy, a friend of her mother, before being fired after the cast complained of Christina's unprofessional behavior. She was considered a capable actress, but difficult to work with in the industry, described as 'stubborn' by Loy who stated in her autobiography Being and Becoming that "We didn't have any problems in Barefoot in the Park until Christina appeared. The idea of Joan's daughter playing the role delighted me until I discovered how recalcitrant this child was...I've never known anyone like her, ever. Her stubbornness was really unbelievable. She would not do a single thing anyone told her to do." She also had a small role in Faces (1968), a romantic drama directed by John Cassavetes.

Crawford played Joan Borman Kane on the soap opera The Secret Storm in New York from 1968 until 1969. While Crawford was in the hospital recovering from an emergency surgery in October 1968, Joan was asked by Gloria Monty and network executives to fill in for Christina. Joan did so reluctantly, holding the role for her for four episodes so that the part would not be recast during her absence, as Monty later confirmed in an interview. Viewership increased 40% during this replacement time, much to Christina's chagrin.

In the early 1970s, Crawford also was given guest appearances on other TV programs, including Medical Center, Marcus Welby, M.D., Matt Lincoln, Ironside and The Sixth Sense.

Later career

After Joan Crawford died in 1977, Crawford and her brother, Christopher, discovered that their mother had disinherited them from her estate, her will citing "reasons which are well-known to them." Though being estranged from (and no longer financially supported by) their famous mother for years, in October 1977, Crawford and her brother sued Joan Crawford's estate to invalidate their mother's will, which she signed on October 28, 1976. Cathy LaLonde, another Crawford daughter, and her husband, Jerome, the complaint charged, "took deliberate advantage of decedent's seclusion and weakened and distorted mental and physical condition to insinuate themselves" into Joan's favor. A settlement between the parties was reached on July 13, 1979, which provided Crawford and Christopher a combined $55,000 from their mother's estate.

Mommie Dearest

In November 1978, Crawford's book Mommie Dearest was released and described her mother as a career-obsessed overly strict mother. Joan Crawford's two other daughters, Cathy and Cindy, denounced the book, categorically denying any abuse. Cindy told reporters in 1979, "I can't understand how people believe this stupid stuff Tina has written." Also, many of Crawford's friends and co-workers, including Van Johnson, Ann Blyth, Myrna Loy, Katharine Hepburn, Cesar Romero, Gary Gray, and Douglas Fairbanks Jr. (Crawford's first husband) denied the claims.Шаблон:Citation needed

In her 1987 autobiography, Myrna Loy stated "She [Christina] wanted to be Joan Crawford. I think that's the basis of the book she wrote afterward and everything else. I saw what Christina's mind created, the fantasy world she lived in." Christina's ex-husband, producer Harvey Medlinsky, said in response to Christina's memoir, "I have only good things to say about Joan Crawford. She was always nice to me and Christina." The Secret Storm producer Gloria Monty, countered Christina's allegation that Joan "stole" Christina's role on the television show when she fell ill in 1968. According to Monty, Christina lied regarding this situation. Monty stated that she and CBS asked Joan to substitute for her daughter on the show, and that Joan agreed slay only in the interest of not allowing Christina to be permanently replaced by another actress until she could return to the show. Monty added, "I'll tell you that I saw Joan Crawford do everything she could to save that girl's life and job." Helen Hayes, June Allyson, and Vincent Sherman stated they had witnessed strict discipline. For example, Hayes and Sherman both stated in their autobiographies that they felt Joan was too strict a parent. Allyson stated in her autobiography that she witnessed Joan put Christina in "time-out", and did not let her go to a friend's birthday party as a punishment. However these people never stated they witnessed any outright abuse.Шаблон:Citation needed

Mommie Dearest became a best-seller, and was made into the 1981 film Mommie Dearest, starring Faye Dunaway as Joan Crawford.

Christina had no involvement with the making of the film, and has categorically denounced the film as "grotesque" and a work of fiction. Christina has repeatedly stated that the film is highly inaccurate, and that the portrayal of her mother in the film bears little resemblance to the real Joan Crawford, specifically citing that her mother never chopped down a tree with an axe, or beat her with a wire hanger as depicted in the film.

Christina Crawford has published five subsequent books, including Survivor, Black Widow, No Safe Place, Daughters of the Inquisition and Scammed.

After a stroke in 1981, she spent five years in rehabilitation before moving to the Northwest. She ran a bed and breakfast called Seven Springs Farms in Tensed, Idaho, between 1994 and 1999.

On July 20, 1998, one of Joan Crawford's other adopted children, Cathy Crawford LaLonde, filed a lawsuit against Christina Crawford for "defamation of character". LaLonde stated in her lawsuit that, during the 20th-anniversary book tour of Mommie Dearest, Christina publicly claimed to interviewers that LaLonde and her twin sister, Cynthia, were not biological sisters, and that their adoption was never legal. LaLonde stated neither claim by Christina was true, and attached copies of the twin girls' birth certificates and adoption documentation to the lawsuit. The lawsuit was later settled out of court for $5,000 plus court costs.

In 2000, Crawford began working as entertainment manager at the Coeur d'Alene Casino in Idaho, where she worked until 2007. She then wrote and produced a regional TV series, Northwest Entertainment. On November 22, 2009, she was appointed county commissioner in Benewah County, Idaho, by Governor Butch Otter, but she lost her bid for election in November 2010. In 2011, Crawford founded the non-profit Benewah Human Rights Coalition and served as the organization's first president. In 2013, she made a documentary, Surviving Mommie Dearest.

On November 21, 2017, the e-book editions of Mommie Dearest, Survivor and Daughters of the Inquisition were published through Open Road Integrated Media. She is also currently working with composer David Nehls on a stage musical adaptation of Mommie Dearest, to be produced in regional theater. Crawford is currently writing the third book in her memoir trilogy, following Mommie Dearest and Survivor.

Personal life

Crawford met her first husband, Harvey Medlinsky, a director and Broadway stage manager, while she was appearing in the Chicago national company of Barefoot in the Park. They were married briefly in the late 1960s before divorcing. She married and divorced twice more. She has no children.Шаблон:Citation needed

Filmography

Film and television credits

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1961	Wild in the Country	Monica George	Feature film
1961	Force of Impulse	Ann	Feature film
1968	Faces	Woman Scattering Coins on Bar	Feature film
1968–1969	The Secret Storm	Joan Borman Kane	Series regular
1970	Matt Lincoln		Episode: "Sheila"
1970	Medical Center	Dr. Myles	Episode: "Scream of Silence"
1971	Marcus Welby, M.D.	Sister Mary Eileen Kirkpatrick	Episode: "Elegy for a Mad Dog"
1971	Ironside	Edie Stockton	Episode: "Lesson in Terror"
1972	The Sixth Sense	Betty Blake	Episode: "I Do Not Belong to the Human World"

Books

• Mommie Dearest (1978) Шаблон:ISBN
• Black Widow: A Novel (1981) Шаблон:ISBN
• Survivor (1988) Шаблон:ISBN
• No Safe Place: The Legacy of Family Violence (1994) Шаблон:ISBN
• Daughters Of The Inquisition: Medieval Madness: Origin and Aftermath (2003) Шаблон:ISBN
• Scammed: A True Story of Christina & The General (2014) Шаблон:ISBN
• Mommie Dearest: Special Edition (2017) ebook Шаблон:ISBN
• Survivor (2017) ebook Шаблон:ISBN
• Daughters of the Inquisition: Medieval Madness: Origin and Aftermath (2017) ebook Шаблон:ISBN

External links

• Шаблон:IMDb name