Английская Википедия:Christina F. Lewis

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Christina F. Lewis (1919 – 21 November 1974) was an Afro-Trinidadian community worker, trade unionist and women's rights activist. Through her political activities, she worked to improve the conditions of workers and women, advocating for universal adult suffrage and for British citizens of the West Indies to have the same rights and privileges as their counterparts in Britain. As a socialist, Pan-Africanist, and feminist, she merged anti-colonial policies with the struggle for women's rights and against racism.

Early life

Christina Felicia Lewis was born in 1919 in San Fernando, in the British Crown Colony of Trinidad and Tobago, to a Trinidadian mother and Grenadian father. She began her primary school at St. Paul's Anglican School and completed her studies at St. Gabriel's Girls' Roman Catholic School. After her graduation from primary school, Lewis continued her education in the British pupil-teacher system and studied shorthand and typing.Шаблон:Sfn

Career

After completing her schooling, Lewis began working for Algernon Birkett, a self-trained, grassroots legal adviser to political activists seeking to broaden the democracy in Trinidad and Tobago.Шаблон:Sfn As a Pan-Africanist, Lewis joined the Negro Welfare, Cultural, and Social Association, which focused on poor administration and official corruption, as well as the issues of working-class people.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She participated in protests over poor living conditions and worked throughout the Caribbean to address the issues of disenfranchised black citizensШаблон:Sfn in the British West Indies, who though they were British did not enjoy the same rights and privileges as citizens in Britain.Шаблон:Sfn The government response to these protests were to ban leftist literature.Шаблон:Sfn

Lewis married in 1941, but divorced after two years and returned to her parents' home. Active in social improvement projects, Lewis was more radical than her contemporaries Audrey JeffersШаблон:Sfn and Marceline Archibald, who saw social work as a means to uplift poor, working-class women. Lewis did not accept that the poor needed charity from middle-class women and instead advocated for more progressive measures which broadened avenues of participation to apply to all classes of people.Шаблон:Sfn While Jeffers and Archibald maintained that educated black men and women should be integrated into the political system, they opposed universal adult suffrage. Lewis, on the other hand believed in Socialist policies which incorporated working-class people into the political system.Шаблон:Sfn

From the mid-1940s, Lewis was politically active and first joined the West Indian National Party. After their defeat in 1946, she switched her allegiance to the British Empire Citizens' and Workers' Home Rule Party. In 1947, she followed Ebenezer Joshua to St. Vincent and worked in his campaigns through 1952. Returning in 1953 to her native Trinidad,Шаблон:Sfn she became affiliated with the West Indian Independence Party and as a result was investigated for fomenting sedition against the state.Шаблон:Sfn She campaigned against racial discrimination and favoured a ban on comic strips such as Mandrake the Magician and The Phantom, which portrayed people of African descent in negative stereotypical roles.Шаблон:Sfn In this same period, Lewis became one of the founding members of the Caribbean Women's National Assembly (CWNA).Шаблон:Sfn The group worked to address women's issues, including violence against womenШаблон:Sfn and maternity leave for workers.Шаблон:Sfn On 8 August 1956, the CWNA formed the Domestic Workers Trade Union and Lewis urged members to insist on equal pay for equal work.Шаблон:Sfn

In addition to her political work, from 1956 to 1974, Lewis organized events for the underprivileged in San Fernando. Annually she hosted a Christmas dinner to feed the hungry and provided meals for up to 1,000 people. She also persuaded local musicians to stage performances at children's homes, 000000000 in El Dorado and San Fernando General Hospital to bring cheer to those who were hospitalized or institutionalized during the holidays.Шаблон:Sfn In 1958, she organized the first International Women's Day in Trinidad and TobagoШаблон:Sfn and that same year attended the 5th Congress of the Women's International Democratic Federation in China.Шаблон:Sfn

Death and legacy

Lewis died on 21 November 1974 in an accidental shooting, when a security guard inadvertently discharged his weapon while she was conducting a business transaction at the National Insurance Scheme Office in San Fernando.Шаблон:Sfn Noted Caribbean researcher, Rhoda Reddock evaluated Lewis's philosophy, which linked anti-imperialism and feminism in her 1994 work, Women, Labour and Politics in Trinidad and Tobago.Шаблон:Sfn In 2009, James D. Cummings and the University of the West Indies, published a "well-researched" full biography, Christina Lewis: Her Life and Times, to preserve the significant history of her life.Шаблон:Sfn

References

Bibliography

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