Английская Википедия:Chromosome 19
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox chromosome Chromosome 19 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 19 spans more than 61.7 million base pairs, the building material of DNA. It is considered the most gene-rich chromosome containing roughly 1,500 genes, despite accounting for only 2 percent of the human genome.[1][2]
Genes
Number of genes
The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 19. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation, their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.[3]
| Estimated by | Protein-coding genes | Non-coding RNA genes | Pseudogenes | Source | Release date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCDS | 1,357 | — | — | [4] | 2016-09-08 |
| HGNC | 1,372 | 299 | 413 | [5] | 2017-05-12 |
| Ensembl | 1,469 | 894 | 514 | [6] | 2017-03-29 |
| UniProt | 1,435 | — | — | [7] | 2018-02-28 |
| NCBI | 1,430 | 604 | 528 | [8][9][10] | 2017-05-19 |
Gene list
Шаблон:Category see also The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 19. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right. Шаблон:Columns-list
Short arm
Long arm
Diseases and disorders
The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 19:[11] Шаблон:Div col
- Alternating hemiplegia of childhood
- Alzheimer's disease
- CADASIL
- Centronuclear myopathy autosomal dominant form
- Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
- Congenital hearing loss
- Congenital hypothyroidism
- Donohue syndrome
- Familial hemiplegic migraine
- Glutaric acidemia type 1
- Hemochromatosis
- HUPRA syndrome[12]
- Leber congenital amaurosis[13]
- Maple syrup urine disease
- Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
- Myotonic dystrophy
- Myotubular myopathy autosomal dominant form
- Oligodendroglioma
- Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
- Prolidase deficiency
- Pseudoachondroplasia
- Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia or Bruton's disease
Cytogenetic band
| Chr. | Arm[15] | Band[16] | ISCN start[17] |
ISCN stop[17] |
Basepair start |
Basepair stop |
Stain[18] | Density |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19 | p | 13.3 | 0 | 578 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gneg | |
| 19 | p | 13.2 | 578 | 870 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gpos | 25 |
| 19 | p | 13.13 | 870 | 1034 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gneg | |
| 19 | p | 13.12 | 1034 | 1216 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gpos | 25 |
| 19 | p | 13.11 | 1216 | 1581 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gneg | |
| 19 | p | 12 | 1581 | 1809 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gvar | |
| 19 | p | 11 | 1809 | 1992 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | acen | |
| 19 | q | 11 | 1992 | 2159 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | acen | |
| 19 | q | 12 | 2159 | 2372 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gvar | |
| 19 | q | 13.11 | 2372 | 2569 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gneg | |
| 19 | q | 13.12 | 2569 | 2737 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gpos | 25 |
| 19 | q | 13.13 | 2737 | 2949 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gneg | |
| 19 | q | 13.2 | 2949 | 3101 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gpos | 25 |
| 19 | q | 13.31 | 3101 | 3193 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gneg | |
| 19 | q | 13.32 | 3193 | 3390 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gpos | 25 |
| 19 | q | 13.33 | 3390 | 3649 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gneg | |
| 19 | q | 13.41 | 3649 | 3770 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gpos | 25 |
| 19 | q | 13.42 | 3770 | 3938 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gneg | |
| 19 | q | 13.43 | 3938 | 4120 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | gpos | 25 |
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Refbegin
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Human Proteome Project Launch website~ https://web.archive.org/web/20110726163128/http://www.hupo.org/research/hpp/HPP_legrain_sep_2010.pdf
External links
Шаблон:Chromosomes Шаблон:Chromosome genetics
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
- ↑ "p": Short arm; "q": Long arm.
- ↑ For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus.
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 These values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit.
- ↑ gpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk.
