Английская Википедия:Chronicle of 819
Шаблон:Italic title The Chronicle of 819, also called the Chronicle of Qarṭmin,Шаблон:Sfn is a chronological table of important events and people from the birth of Jesus down to the year AD 819 written in Syriac by an anonymous Miaphysite monk from the monastery of Qarṭmin.Шаблон:Sfn It contains lists of the Abbasid caliphs for 785–813 and the Syriac Orthodox patriarchs for 788–819.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Authorship and transmission
The Chronicle was discovered in a large 9th-century codex unearthed by Aphrem Barsaum in the village of Basabrina in 1911.Шаблон:Sfn A search for the codex could not locate it in 1984,Шаблон:Sfn and it seems likely that it was destroyed during the Assyrian genocide in 1915.Шаблон:Sfn A transcription of the chronicle made by Barsaum may still be kept somewhere in France.Шаблон:Sfn According to a marginal notice, the codex was copied by one Severus for his uncle David, bishop of Ḥarrān.Шаблон:Sfn This David was a former monk of Qarṭmin who is known to have been consecrated as a bishop by Patriarch John IV of Antioch between 846 and 873.Шаблон:Sfn The codex also contains church canons and patriarchal letters. The Chronicle appears as a "self-contained collection of historical notices".Шаблон:Sfn A later hand added a historical notice of the drought of 1094–95,Шаблон:Sfn which places the manuscript in Basabrina by that date.Шаблон:Sfn The Chronicle of 819 was incorporated almost in its entirety into the Chronicle of 846.Шаблон:Sfn It is the later chronicle's main source for the Islamic period.Шаблон:Sfn
The Chronicle of 819 may be the work of up to three authors, with changes in authorship coinciding with the periods 728–733 and 775–785.Шаблон:Sfn The signs of Qarṭminite authorship in the work are extensive and conclusive. Out of 125 entries, 15 mention the monastery. In 1959, the Syriac Orthodox patriarch Philoxenus Dolabani claimed without citing his source that the chronicle was the work of the "renowned scribe" Manṣur, abbot of Qarṭmin and son of Marzuq, a priest of Basabrina. This appears to have been a mere conjecture.Шаблон:Sfn
Sources and content
The Chronicle gives roughly even coverage of ecclesiastical and secular events.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn For the early period, its main source is the Chronicle of Edessa, which ends in 540.Шаблон:Sfn It also includes material from Eusebius of Caesarea.Шаблон:Sfn Of the 74 entries before this year, the Chronicle of Edessa is the source for 62. Its information is not passed on verbatim, but is often abbreviated and in some cases modified, as when the Chronicle of 819 labels Ibas of Edessa a heretic.Шаблон:Sfn For the 7th and 8th centuries, it relies heavily on the archives of the monastery of Qarṭmin.Шаблон:Sfn These centuries take up about half the length of the chronicle.Шаблон:Sfn The other sources for the later centuries are less clear, but may include the lost chronicle of Jacob of Edessa (died 708), which was known at Qarṭmin. John of Ephesus' biography of Jacob Baradaeus was also used as a source.Шаблон:Sfn The Chronicle of 819 shares a lost Miaphysite source with the anti-Miaphysite Chronicle of 641.Шаблон:Sfn
The Chronicle's coverage of political affairs, including military encounters between the Abbasids and the Romans (Byzantines), between 762 and 819 is especially valuable.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The chronicle is unique among Syriac histories in completely ignoring the reign of the Roman emperor Heraclius.Шаблон:Sfn From the 7th century on it does not document the succession of Roman emperors and focuses exclusively on the caliphs.Шаблон:Sfn It does not mention the caliphs Yazīd III and Ibrāhīm ibn al-Walīd, who ruled briefly in 744, because they were not recognized in Upper Mesopotamia.Шаблон:Sfn The last event recorded is the consecration as patriarch of Dionysius of Tel Maḥre,Шаблон:Sfn which is dated to 819 although it actually took place in August 818.Шаблон:Sfn The chronicle was probably completed shortly after this at Qarṭmin, as it contains more information about that monastery than any other chronicle.Шаблон:Sfn
Notes
Bibliography
Editions
- Edited by Aphrem Barsaum as "Chronicon anonymum ad annum Domini 819 pertinens" in Jean-Baptiste Chabot (ed.), Anonymi auctoris chronicon ad annum Christi 1234 pertinens, CSCO 81 (Paris, 1920), pp. 3–22.
- Translated into Latin by Jean-Baptiste Chabot in Anonymi auctoris chronicon ad annum Christi 1234 pertinens, CSCO 109 (Louvain, 1937), pp. 1–16.
- Extracts translated into English are found in Шаблон:Harvnb.
Secondary literature
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- Шаблон:ODB
- Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
