Английская Википедия:Chru language

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language

Chru (Шаблон:Lang-vi) is a Chamic language of Vietnam spoken by the Churu people in southern Lâm Đồng Province (especially in Đơn Dương District) and in Ninh Thuận Province.

Like the other Chamic languages spoken in Vietnam (Cham, Jarai, Rade and Roglai), use of Chru is declining as native speakers are generally bilingual in Vietnamese, which is used for most official or public settings, like schools.

Phonology

Consonant inventory

The following table lists the consonants of Chru.[1]

Labial Apical Alveolo-
palatal
Velar Glottal
Nasal Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Plosive voiceless Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
voiced Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Fricative Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Approximant Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link

There exist post-aspirated consonants Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA, but these behave as sequences of stop plus Шаблон:IPA. For example, from the word Шаблон:IPA ('to plane') the nominal Шаблон:IPA ('a plane') can be derived by infixation of -n-.

Vowel inventory

The vowel inventory is given in the following table. All vowels but Шаблон:IPA exist in nasalized form.[1]

Front Central Back
High Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Upper Mid Шаблон:IPA linkШаблон:Ref label Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Lower Mid Шаблон:IPA link Шаблон:IPA link
Low Шаблон:IPA link
Шаблон:Note label The vowel Шаблон:IPA is always followed by Шаблон:IPA.

Phonotactics

Words consist of up to two pre-syllables, and a main syllable. A full example is Шаблон:IPA ('to turn over'). The vowels in the pre-syllables are always Шаблон:IPA after a consonant and Шаблон:IPA otherwise.[1]

Grammar

Syntax

Like many other languages of Southeast Asia, including Vietnamese, Chru is an analytic (or isolating) language without morphological marking of case, gender, number, or tense. In its typological profile it reflects extensive language contact effects, as it more closely resembles a Mon-Khmer language with monosyllabic roots and impoverished morphology rather than a canonical Austronesian language with bisyllabic roots and derivational morphology (Grant 2005). It has subject-verb-object (SVO) word order.

Negation

Chru uses a pre-verbal negative particle, Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:IPA as a simple negative in declarative sentences:

Шаблон:Interlinear

An optional clause-final negative particle, Шаблон:Lang, may also be used, particularly in negative questions and negative responses to questions:

Шаблон:Interlinear

Шаблон:Interlinear

Шаблон:Interlinear

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Languages of Vietnam Шаблон:Chamic languages Шаблон:Austronesian languages