Английская Википедия:Chumbi
Chumbi (Шаблон:Bo; Шаблон:Zh) is a historic village in the Chumbi Valley or the Yadong County of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It is in the valley of Amo Chu river, where the route from Sikkim's Cho La pass meets the Amo Chu valley.[1] The "Chumbi Valley" of the European nomenclature derives its name from the village of Chumbi.[2]Шаблон:Efn It was the administrative center of the lower Chumbi Valley until the Chinese take-over of Tibet in 1950, after which Yatung became its headquarters. Chumbi is also associated with the Sikkim's royal family, which had a summer palace in the village.Шаблон:Sfnp[3]
History
The Chumbi Valley was originally part of the Lepcha territory.[4] In the 13th or 14th century, it began to be colonised by Khampas from the Kham region of Tibet.[5] A Minyak prince called Khye Bumsa (Шаблон:Bo) is said to have settled in Chumbi and established a small kingdom. He later built an alliance with the Lepchas in present-day Sikkim and expanded into that region. The ruins of the house built by Khye Bumsa were reportedly present in the Chumbi village till the end of the 19th century.[6]
The lower Chumbi valley appears to have been under the control of the Lepchas till the time of the Fifth Dalai Lama. A Lepcha chieftain called Gaeboo Achyok (Gyalpo Ajok, Шаблон:Reign) based at Damsang (in the present day Kalimpong district) faced invasions from the Bhutanese and obtained Dalai Lama's assistance. The Bhutanese captured and executed Achyok, after which the Tibetans continued to fight the Bhutanese. The end result of these conflicts is not clearly documented, but the Bhutanese were evicted from the lower Chumbi Valley and its control passed to the Sikkimese and Tibetans in some form.[7][8][9]Шаблон:Efn
The Sikkim Chogyals constructed a palace at Chumbi during the reign of Chakdor Namgyal (Шаблон:Reign), who is said to have received the lower Chumbi valley as an estate from the Tibetan government.Шаблон:Sfnp It came to be used as a regular summer residence of the Chogyals since 1780.Шаблон:Sfnp The Chogyals regarded the people of the lower Chumbi Valley as their subjects until 1959, irrespective of the prevailing official boundaries.[10]
Geography
The village of Chumbi is roughly in the centre of the stretch of Amo Chu valley between Yatung and Rinchengang. The road from the Cho La pass on the Sikkim border arrives here. On the Sikkimese side of the pass, there was a direct road to Tumlong, the capital of Sikkim and the seat of its royalty in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Chumbi is about Шаблон:Convert downstream from Yatung Shasima, the present headquarters of the Yadong County. Further downstream are the twin villages of Chema and Pipitang, where the route from the Nathu La pass arrives, and Rinchengang, which receives the route from the Jelep La pass.
Notes
References
Bibliography
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- ↑ Шаблон:Harvp: "Next, to the north, is the Cho-la pass, 15,000 feet high, which is the direct route from Tumlung to Chumbi."
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvp: "we marched up the valley, to the village of Chumbi, which has given the valley the name by which it is known to Europeans..."
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvp "It was instructive, in view of the then disputed question as to whether Chumbi, as the people themselves maintained it ought to be, should be restored to Sikhim, to note the close intimacy that exists between Chumbi and Sikhim."
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvp: "Further eastwards, beyond the Sikkim border, lies the Chumbi alley, which used to be Lepcha territory, but which now belongs to Tibet"
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvtxt: "There was earlier contact with the Lepcha in the 13th or 14th century by Kham people from Tibet who colonised the Chumbi valley, but they only later went into Sikkim."
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvp: "[25] Until the late nineteenth century, close to the summer palace of the Sikkimese royal family in Chumbi there stood ruins that were said to be the remains of Gyad ’bum sags' house."
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvp: "In 1676 the Bhutanese attacked Sikkim and captured three hundred homesteads in the Chumbi valley. Again Tibetan troops marched against Bhutan and the Bhutanese withdrew from Sikkim, giving up the Chumbi valley."
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvp: "Thereby, the Bhutan forces fled back to their homes, while the Tibetans and Mongolians took back the lost territories and expelled the Bhutanese from Sikkim."
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvp: "Five columns advanced by way of sPa-gro [Paro], Gling-bzhi, Bum-thang, bKra-shis-sgang [Trashigang] and Phag-ri [Phari], but their only lasting achievement was the expulsion of the Bhutanese troops from Sikkim."
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
