Английская Википедия:Churchill-class submarine
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship class overviewШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsThe three Churchill class,[1] sometimes known as the Repeat Valiant-class submarines were nuclear-powered fleet submarines which served with the Royal Navy from the 1970s until the early 1990s. The Churchill class was based on the older Шаблон:Sclass, but featured many internal improvements.
The lead vessel was named after the former Prime Minister and First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill. Шаблон:HMS was the most famous of the class, sinking the Argentinian cruiser Шаблон:Ship during the 1982 Falklands War. Шаблон:As of, this is the only instance of a nuclear-powered submarine of any nation sinking an enemy ship by torpedo.
Design
The Churchills carried a crew of 103 and had a full load displacement of 4,900 tons whilst dived. They were Шаблон:Convert long, had a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. Their single pressurized water-cooled reactor supplied steam to two English Electric geared turbines, producing a total of Шаблон:Convert for the single shaft and resulting in a maximum of Шаблон:Convert submerged. Like all nuclear-powered submarines the Churchill class could remain submerged almost indefinitely, with supplies of food being the only limiting factor. One Kelvin Type 1006 surface-search radar was fitted. The ships were built with a Type 2001 sonar array, but this was replaced in the late 1970s with a Type 2020 array and a Type 2026 towed array. Weapons included Mk VIII torpedoes, Mk 24 Tigerfish torpedoes, and Sub-Harpoon anti-ship missiles. Six Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes fired from the bow.
HMS Churchill evaluated both the American Mark 48 torpedo and the UGM-84 Harpoon missile, though only the latter was adopted by the Royal Navy. She was decommissioned in 1990 and is laid up at Rosyth awaiting disposal.
In 1981 Шаблон:HMS became the first British submarine to carry the Sub-Harpoon missile. She was decommissioned in 1992 and is at Devonport Dockyard serving as a museum ship.
Construction Programme
| Pennant | Name | (a) Hull builder (b) Main machinery manufacturers |
Ordered | Laid down | Launched | Accepted into service |
Commissioned | Decommissioned | Estimated building cost[2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S46 | Шаблон:HMS | (a) Vickers Ltd, Shipbuilding Group, Barrow-in-Furness (b) Vickers Ltd, Engineering Group, Barrow-in-Furness (b) English Electric Co Ltd (turbines).[3] |
21 October 1965 [4] | 30 June 1967 [5] | 20 December 1968 [5] | July 1970 [3] | 15 July 1970 [5] | 28 February 1991 | £24,780,000 [3] |
| S48 | Шаблон:HMS | (a) Cammell Laird & Co (Shipbuilders and Engineers) Ltd, Birkenhead (b) Vickers Ltd, Engineering Group, Barrow-in-Furness (b) English Electric Co Ltd (turbines).[6] |
9 August 1966 [4] | 5 December 1967 [5] | 28 August 1969 [5] | November 1971 [6] | 9 November 1971 [5] | 2 August 1990 | £29,319,000 [6] |
| S50 | Шаблон:HMS (ex-Superb)[5] |
(a) Vickers Ltd, Shipbuilding Group, Barrow-in-Furness (b) Vickers Ltd, Engineering Group, Barrow-in-Furness (b) English Electric Co Ltd (turbines).[6] |
1 March 1967 [4] | 15 June 1968 [5] | 7 March 1970 [5] | November 1971 [6] | 16 October 1971 [5] | 10 April 1992 | £24,858,000 [6] |
Service history
Шаблон:HMS was the most famous of the class, sinking the Argentinian cruiser Шаблон:Ship during the 1982 Falklands War. She did not fire again during the war, but provided valuable help to the British task force by using her monitoring equipment to track Argentine aircraft departing the mainland. After the war Conqueror returned to Faslane; the sinking of General Belgrano had provoked controversy in Britain and Conqueror was criticisedШаблон:By whom for flying the Jolly Roger on returning to port, as Royal Navy submarines customarily did on returning after scoring a kill.Шаблон:Cn She Шаблон:As of the only nuclear-powered submarine of any nationality to have engaged an enemy ship with torpedoes. She was decommissioned in 1990 and Шаблон:As of is laid up at Devonport awaiting disposal. ConquerorШаблон:'s periscopes can be viewed at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum in Gosport.[7]
See also
Cited footnotes
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Reflist
Шаблон:Churchill class submarine Шаблон:UK submarine classes after 1945
- ↑ Hool, Jack, and Nutter, Keith, Damned Un-English Machines, a history of Barrow-built submarines, pub Tempus, 2003, Шаблон:ISBN page 177.
- ↑ "Unit cost, i.e. excluding cost of certain items (e.g. aircraft, First Outfits)." Text from Defences Estimates
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Defence Estimates, 1971–72, page XII-81, Table V: List and particulars of new ships which have been accepted or are expected to be accepted into HM service during the Financial Year ended 31st March 1971
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Moore, John, Janes Fighting Ships 1982–83, pub Jane's Publishing, 1982, Шаблон:ISBN page 547.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6 5,7 5,8 5,9 Gardiner, Robert Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995, pub Conway Maritime Press, 1995, Шаблон:ISBN page 530.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 Defence Estimates, 1972–73, page XII-92, Table V: List and particulars of new ships which have been accepted or are expected to be accepted into HM service during the Financial Year ended 31st March 1971
- ↑ Kemp, Paul (2006). Submarine action. Sutton, p. 68. Шаблон:ISBN
