Английская Википедия:Circuit Zandvoort

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox motorsport venue

Circuit Zandvoort (Шаблон:IPA-nl), known for sponsorship reasons as CM.com Circuit Zandvoort, previously known as Circuit Park Zandvoort until 2017, is a Шаблон:Cvt motorsport race track located in the dunes north of Zandvoort, the Netherlands, near the North Sea coast line. It returned to the Formula One calendar in 2021 as the location of the revived Dutch Grand Prix.

History

1930s to mid 1980s

Файл:Vlak na de start, Brabham, Moss, Surtees, Taylor, Hermann, Bestanddeelnr 912-5054.jpg
1961 Dutch Grand Prix

There were plans for races at Zandvoort before World War II: the first street race was held on 3 June 1939. However, a permanent race track was not constructed until after the war, using communications roads built by the occupying German army. Contrary to popular belief John Hugenholtz cannot be credited with the design of the Zandvoort track, although he was involved as the chairman of the Nederlandse Automobiel Ren Club (Dutch Auto Racing Club) before becoming the first track director in 1949.[1] Instead, it was 1927 Le Mans winner, S. C. H. "Sammy" Davis who was brought in as a track design advisor in July 1946[2] although the layout was partly dictated by the existing roads.

The first race on the circuit, the Prijs van Zandvoort, took place on 7 August 1948.[3] The race was renamed the Grote Prijs van Zandvoort (Zandvoort Grand Prix) in 1949, then the Grote Prijs van Nederland (Dutch Grand Prix) in 1950. The 1952 race was the first to be run as a round of the World Championship, albeit to Formula Two regulations rather than Formula One regulations like all the European rounds of the championship that year; a similar situation also applied to the 1953. There was no Dutch Grand Prix in 1954, 1956 or 1957, but 1955 saw the first true Formula One race as part of the Drivers' Championship. The Dutch Grand Prix returned in 1958 and remained a permanent fixture on the F1 calendar (with the exception of 1972) through Шаблон:F1, when it was held for the last time in the 20th century.

Since 1985

To solve a number of problems that had made it impossible to develop and upgrade the circuit, most importantly noise pollution for Zandvoort inhabitants living closest to the track, the track management developed and adopted a plan to move the most southern part of the track away from the nearby housing estate, and rebuild a more compact track in the remaining former 'infield'. In January 1987 this plan got the necessary 'green light' when it was formally approved by the Provincial Council of North Holland. However, only a couple of months later a new problem arose: the company that commercially ran the circuit (CENAV), called in the receiver and went out of business, marking the end of 'Circuit Zandvoort'. Again the track, owned by the municipality of Zandvoort, was in danger of being permanently lost for motorsports. However, a new operating foundation, the "Stichting Exploitatie Circuit Park", was formed and started work at the realization of the track's reconstruction plans. Circuit Park Zandvoort was born and in the summer of 1989 the track was remodeled to an interim Club Circuit of Шаблон:Convert, while the disposed southern part of the track was used to build a Vendorado Bungalow Park and new premises for the local football and field-hockey clubs.

In 1995, CPZ (Circuit Park Zandvoort) got the "A Status"Шаблон:ClarifyШаблон:Citation needed of the government of the Netherlands and began building an international Grand Prix Circuit. This project was finished in 2001 when, after the track was redesigned to a Шаблон:Convert long circuit and a new pits building was realized (by HPG, the development company of John Hugenholtz Jr., son of the former director), a new grandstand was situated along the long straight. One of the major events that is held at the circuit, along with DTM and A1GP, is the RTL Masters of Formula 3, where Formula Three cars of several national racing series compete with each other (originally called Marlboro Masters, before tobacco advertising ban). A noise restriction order was responsible for this event moving to the Belgian Circuit Zolder for 2007 and 2008. However, the race returned to its historical home in 2009.[4]

Файл:DTM Zandvoort, 2013 (10075032383).jpg
2013 DTM race in Zandvoort

Circuit Park Zandvoort played host to the first race in the 2006/07 season of A1 Grand Prix from 29 September–1 October 2006. On 21 August 2008, the official A1GP site reported that the 2008/09 season's first race has moved from the Mugello Circuit, Italy to Zandvoort on the 4–5 October 2008 due to the delay in the building the new chassis for the new race cars. The Dutch round moved to TT Circuit Assen in 2010.[5] A1GP bankrupted before its fifth season and the Dutch round was replaced with Superleague Formula.

Файл:Circuit Zandvoort motorsport race track in the Netherlands (46940292845).jpg
Race track Circuit Zandvoort (2018)

In November 2018 reported that Formula One Management (FOM) had invited the owners of the Zandvoort race track to make a proposal to stage a Grand Prix race in 2020.[6] In March 2019, it was confirmed that a letter of intent had been signed between Zandvoort and FOM to stage the Dutch Grand Prix, dependent on private funding being secured to cover the cost of hosting the race. A deadline of 31 March 2019 was set for a final decision to be made.[7] On 14 May 2019 it was confirmed that Zandvoort would host the Dutch Grand Prix for 2020 and beyond for a duration of at least three years, with the option to host another two years beyond that.[8]

Several alterations were made to the track by Шаблон:Ill to bring it up to date with F1 standards, including adding banking to turn 14 (Arie Luyendijkbocht) and turn 3 (Hugenholtzbocht), but the layout as a whole remained the same.[9][10] The municipality of Zandvoort invested four million euros into the infrastructure around the circuit to improve the accessibility to the track.[11][12] On 29 August 2019, the 2020 Dutch Grand Prix at Zandvoort was included as the fifth race on the provisional schedule, listed on 3 May 2020, between the Chinese Grand Prix and Spanish Grand Prix.[13] The 2020 scheduled appearance was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[14] however F1 racing did finally return to the circuit on 5 September 2021.[15] On 17 September 2019, it was announced that Zandvoort would host the FIA Formula 2 Championship and FIA Formula 3 Championship, replacing the series' support races at Circuit Paul Ricard.[16][17][18]

The circuit

Файл:Circuit Park Zandvoort from air 2016-08-24.jpg
Aerial image of the circuit (2016)
Файл:Circuit Park Zandvoort-1999 vs 1980.svg
Differences between 1980 and 1999 versions of the circuit

The circuit gained popularity because of its fast, sweeping corners such as Scheivlak as well as the "Tarzanbocht" (Tarzan corner) hairpin at the end of the start/finish straight. Tarzanbocht is the most famous corner in the circuit. Since there is a camber in the corner, it provides excellent overtaking opportunities. It is possible to pass around the outside as well as the easier inside lane.[19] This corner is reportedly named after a local character who had earned the nickname of Tarzan and only wanted to give up his vegetable garden in the dunes if the track's designers named a nearby corner after him. On the other hand, many different storiesШаблон:Which about Tarzan Corner are known.Шаблон:Citation needed

The circuit design has been modified and altered several times:

Track configurations

The corners are named as follows (the numbers correspond to the present map, starting at the start/finish line):[20]

  • Tarzan corner (1)
  • Gerlach corner (2)
  • Hugenholtz corner (3)
  • Hunserug (4)
  • Slotemaker corner (5)
  • Nameless corner (6)
  • Scheivlak (7)
  • Masters corner (formerly Marlboro corner) (8)
  • Nameless corner (formerly Renault corner) (9)
  • CM.com corner (formerly the Vodafone corner) (10)
  • Hans Ernst corner 1 and Hans Ernst corner 2 (formerly Audi S corners) (11 + 12)
  • Nameless corner (formerly Kumho corner) (13)
  • Arie Luyendyk corner (formerly Bos Uit corner) (14)

The elevation difference is Шаблон:Convert.

Turns 3 and 13/14 are extremely cambered corners; turn 3 has a 19-degree bank while turns 13/14 have an 18-degree bank.

Файл:Circuit Park Zandvoort.jpg
Шаблон:Center


Events

Current
Former

Lap records

The official lap record for the current circuit layout is 1:11.097, set by Lewis Hamilton driving for Mercedes in the 2021 Dutch Grand Prix. The all-time fastest official track record set during a race weekend for the current Grand Prix Circuit layout is 1:08.885, set by Max Verstappen during qualifying for the aforementioned Grand Prix. As of October 2023, the official race lap records at the Circuit Zandvoort are listed as:[21]

Category Time Driver Vehicle Event Date
Grand Prix Circuit: 4.259 km (2020–present)
Formula One 1:11.097 Lewis Hamilton Mercedes-AMG F1 W12 E Performance 2021 Dutch Grand Prix 5 September 2021
FIA F2 1:23.078 Frederik Vesti Dallara F2 2018 2022 Zandvoort Formula 2 round 4 September 2022
FIA F3 1:26.476 Dennis Hauger Dallara F3 2019 2021 Zandvoort FIA Formula 3 round 5 September 2021
GB3 1:30.023[22] Alex Dunne Tatuus MSV-022 2023 Zandvoort GB3 round 14 October 2023
Formula Regional 1:31.980[23] Paul Aron Tatuus F.3 T-318 2022 Zandvoort FREC Round 19 June 2022
LMP3 1:32.292[24] Шаблон:Ill Duqueine D-08 2023 Zandvoort Prototype Cup Germany round 24 June 2023
LMP2 1:33.395[25] Jack Dex BR Engineering BR01 Historic Grand Prix 2020 (Aston Martin Masters Endurance Legends) 5 September 2020
GT3 1:34.111[26] Jules Gounon Mercedes-AMG GT3 Evo 2022 Zandvoort GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup round 19 June 2022
GT1 (GTS) 1:35.249[27] Nicky Pastorelli Maserati MC12 GT1 Historic Grand Prix 2020 (Aston Martin Masters Endurance Legends) 6 September 2020
Formula 4 1:35.349[28] Sebastian Montoya Tatuus F4-T014 2021 Zandvoort ADAC F4 round 10 July 2021
Porsche Carrera Cup 1:37.730[29] Loek Hartog Porsche 911 (992) GT3 Cup 2023 2nd Zandvoort Porsche Supercup round 27 August 2023
Group 4 sports car 1:42.280[30] Nicky Pastorelli Lola T70 MkIIIB Historic Grand Prix 2020 (Masters Historic Sports Cars) 6 September 2020
GT4 1:43.390[31] Gabriele Piana BMW M4 GT4 2023 Zandvoort ADAC GT4 Germany round 25 June 2023
TCR Touring Car 1:44.520[32] Tom Coronel Audi RS 3 LMS TCR 2021 Zandvoort TCR Europe round 19 June 2021
Alpine Elf Europa Cup 1:45.164[33] Nicolas Ciamin Alpine A110 Cup 2022 Zandvoort Alpine Elf Europa Cup round 19 June 2022
Historic Formula 3 1:46.993[34] Marcel Biehl Ralt RT1 Historic Grand Prix 2020 (Historische Monoposto Racing) 6 September 2020
Group 6 prototype 1:49.739[35] Felix Haas Lola T210 Historic Grand Prix 2020 (Dunlop Historic Endurance Cup) 6 September 2020
Group 2 touring car 1:52.410[36] Heinz Schmersal Ford Escort Mk2 RS1800 Historic Grand Prix 2020 (NKRECO GTTC) 5 September 2020
Group 5 sports car 1:52.541[37] Michael Funke Ford GT40 MkI Historic Grand Prix 2020 (HTGT) 6 September 2020
Renault Clio Cup 1:54.609[38] Anthony Jurado Renault Clio R.S. V 2023 Zandvoort Renault Clio Cup Europe round 14 October 2023
Group 3 GT 1:56.319[39] Martin Greensall Shelby Daytona Coupe Historic Grand Prix 2020 (Masters Gentlemen Drivers) 5 September 2020
Grand Prix Circuit: 4.307 km (1999–2019)
Formula One 1:21.044[21] Шаблон:Ill Jaguar R5 F1 2019 BOSS GP Series Zandvoort round 19 May 2019
Formula Three 1:28.204[40] Lando Norris Dallara F317 2017 Zandvoort F3 European Championship round 19 August 2017
A1 GP 1:28.353 Adrian Zaugg Lola A1GP 2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Netherlands 30 September 2007
DTM 1:32.411[21] Marco Wittmann BMW M4 DTM 2014 Zandvoort DTM round 29 September 2014
GT3 1:36.270[21] Luca Ludwig Mercedes-AMG GT3 2017 Zandvoort ADAC GT Masters round 22 July 2017
Formula Renault 2.0 1:36.688[41] Chris van der Drift Tatuus FR2000 2006 Zandvoort Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup round 5 June 2006
Formula 4 1:38.385[42] Dennis Hauger Tatuus F4-T014 2019 Zandvoort ADAC F4 round 11 August 2019
Porsche Carrera Cup 1:41.155[43] Thomas Preining Porsche 911 (991 II) GT3 Cup 2018 Zandvoort Porsche Carrera Cup Germany round 18 August 2018
GT1 1:41.430[44] Cor Euser Marcos Mantis LM600 2004 Zandvoort Euro GT round 8 August 2004
ADAC Formel Masters 1:42.164[45] Marvin Kirchhöfer Dallara Formulino 2012 Zandvoort ADAC Formel Masters round 5 May 2012
Formula BMW 1:43.386[46] Michael Christensen Mygale FB02 2009 Zandvoort Formula BMW Europe round 14 June 2009
TCR Touring Car 1:45.901[21] Yann Ehrlacher Honda Civic Type R TCR (FK8) 2018 FIA WTCR Race of the Netherlands 20 May 2018
V8Star Series 1:46.471[44] Thomas Mutsch Audi A6 2004 Zandvoort Euro GT round 8 August 2004
GT4 1:46.480[21] Ricardo van der Ende BMW M4 GT4 2016 Zandvoort GT4 European Series round 9 October 2016
Super 2000 1:48.858[47] Luca Rangoni BMW 320si 2007 FIA WTCC Race of the Netherlands 6 May 2007
Club Circuit: 2.526 km (1990–1998)
Formula Three 1:01.043 Kelvin Burt Reynard 923 1992 Masters of Formula 3 2 August 1992
Super Touring 1:09.980[48] Rinaldo Capello Audi 80 Quattro Competition 1994 Zandvoort STW Cup round 17 July 1994
Group B 1:10.530[49] Шаблон:Ill Porsche 911 (964) Carrera RSR 3.8 1994 Zandvoort ADAC GT Cup round July 17 1994
Group A 1:18.470[49] Michael Widmann Nissan 200SX 1994 Zandvoort ADAC GT Cup round July 17 1994
Grand Prix Circuit: 4.252 km (1980–1989)
Formula One 1:16.538 Alain Prost McLaren MP4/2B 1985 Dutch Grand Prix 25 August 1985
Formula 3000 1:23.645[50] Christian Danner March 85B 1985 Zandvoort F3000 round 24 August 1985
Formula Three 1:31.700[51] Alain Ferté Martini MK34 1981 Zandvoort European F3 round 8 June 1981
Formula Two 1:35.631[52] Brian Henton Toleman TG280B 1980 Zandvoort European F2 round 20 July 1980
BMW M1 Procar 1:36.900[53] Jacques Laffite BMW M1 Procar 1980 Zandvoort BMW M1 Procar round 31 August 1980
Grand Prix Circuit: 4.226 km (1972–1979)
Formula One 1:19.438 Gilles Villeneuve Ferrari 312T4 1979 Dutch Grand Prix 26 August 1979
Formula Two 1:21.700[54] Eddie Cheever Osella FA2/79 1979 Zandvoort European F2 round 15 July 1979
Formula 5000 1:23.300[55] Bob Evans Lola T332 1974 Zandvoort European F5000 round 3 June 1974
Group 7 1:23.600[56] Tim Schenken Porsche 917/10 TC 1975 Int. ADAC-Noordzee Cup Zandvoort 24 August 1975
Formula Three 1:29.020[57] Arie Luyendyk Lola T670 1978 Zandvoort European F3 round 27 March 1978
BMW M1 Procar 1:30.519[58] Elio de Angelis BMW M1 Procar 1979 Zandvoort BMW M1 Procar round 26 August 1979
Group 2 1:34.100[59] Toine Hezemans Ford Capri RS 3100 1974 Zandvoort ETCC round 11 August 1974
Original Grand Prix Circuit: 4.193 km (1948–1971)
Formula One 1:19.230 Jacky Ickx Ferrari 312B 1970 Dutch Grand Prix 21 June 1970
Formula 5000 1:23.900[60] Peter Gethin McLaren M10B 1970 Zandvoort European F5000 round 19 April 1970
Formula Two 1:26.840[61] Richard Attwood Tecno TF68 1968 Zandvoort European F2 round 28 July 1968
Formula Three 1:32.000[62] Cyd Williams Brabham BT21B 1969 Zandvoort French F3 round 31 August 1969
Group 2 1:38.500[63] Helmut Marko Ford Capri RS 2600 1971 Zandvoort ETCC round 28 August 1971
Formula Junior 1:39.600[64] Frank Gardner Brabham BT6 1963 Zandvoort Formula Junior round 1 September 1963
Group 5 1:40.600[65] Toine Hezemans Porsche 911 1969 Zandvoort ETCC round 31 August 1969

Fatal accidents

In the history of the circuit, several fatal accidents have occurred.

Name Date Description
Hendrik Dik 22 March 1952 Dik's Peugeot did not stop after completing the stage, but went straight on through some fences. The car then hit a small hill and rolled. It was later determined that Dik had suffered a fatal heart attack at the wheel of his car.
Wim Gerlach 10 June 1957 Wim Gerlach rolled his Porsche during a sportscar race at Zandvoort on 9 June 1957. The car was not equipped with a rollcage and Gerlach, who was not wearing seatbelts, had his head crushed between the door of the car and the earth bank. The corner where the accident occurred was later named the Gerlachbocht.
Шаблон:Ill 30 April 1958 Crashed his Mercedes 300SL cabriolet during the final stage of that year's Tulip Rally. As was usual at the time, the Tulip Rally's final stage was run as a race at Zandvoort, but in anti-clockwise direction, so as to counter unfair advantages for drivers with racing experience of the track. Engel's car crashed and overturned on the back-stretch of the track, on the short straight leading away from Tunnel-Oost (in the direction of Scheivlak corner) and came to rest upside down on the track.
Ian Raby 7 November 1967 Seriously injured on 5th lap of the Zandvoort Grand Prix, 7th round of the 1967 European Formula 2 Championship.
Chris Lambert 28 July 1968 Lambert was killed after he collided with Clay Regazzoni during the Dutch round of the European Formula 2 Championship, launching Lambert's Brabham BT23C over the guardrail and onto the pedestrian path below.[66]
Piers Courage 21 June 1970 The suspension or steering in Courage's car broke on the flat out 'Tunnel Oost' section. Instead of rounding the bend, the car went straight on into the steep dunes, disintegrated on impact and caught fire as the engine broke away from the monocoque; automatic fuel-sealing equipment was not yet being used. During the impact one of the front wheels broke loose and hit Courage's head, taking off his helmet (wheel and helmet came rolling out of the cloud of dust simultaneously). It is assumed that Courage was killed instantly (or at least severely wounded and knocked unconscious) when the wheel hit him, rather than dying in the subsequent fire, as the monocoque was upright (not upside down, as is often stated by those who confuse the Courage and Williamson accidents) when it came to rest and did not seem to trap its driver in any way.
Roger Williamson 29 July 1973 Williamson lost control of his car due to a suspected tyre failure during the 1973 Dutch Grand Prix and crashed into the barriers, spun upside-down and caught fire. David Purley stopped his own race and tried unsuccessfully to save Williamson. The circuit was poorly prepared and not enough fire extinguishers were on hand.
Rob Slotemaker 29 July 1979 Slotemaker was killed when he crashed his Chevrolet Camaro during the "Trophy of the Dunes" touring car race. His car spun on a patch of oil and collided with a course car parked alongside the track. Despite the relatively minor force of the accident, he suffered a broken neck and died instantly. A section of the circuit, the left-hander after Hunserug, is named in his memory.[67]
Hans-Georg Bürger 20 July 1980 Crashed in his Tiga F280-BMW at Scheivlak corner during the warm-up for the Grote Prijs van Zandvoort, the Dutch round of the European Formula 2 Championship. He succumbed to his head injuries in hospital two days later.
Alain Vinckx 29 May 1987 During a World Record Day event Vinckx was killed when he attempted a stunt in which he drove a Chevrolet Camaro through four buses placed back to back. The second bus was positioned too low, the roof of the car was cut from it by the roof of the bus. Vinckx was unable to duck away from danger and was decapitated.
Oliver Heimann 30 March 1991 Heimann was unable to avoid the car of another competitor which had come to a standstill. Heimann broke his neck in the accident; he died in a hospital in Haarlem, about one hour after the crash.
Henk Schoorstra 29 July 2010 After colliding with another car, Henk Schoorstra's single-seater went out of control and crashed into the guard rail between Hunserug and the Rob Slotemaker bend. The driver was able to drive the car into the run-off area but it caught fire and Schoorstra was killed at the scene.
David Ferrer 2 September 2017 During the Historic Grand Prix Zandvoort Ferrer crashed with his March 701 from 1970. The accident happened in the Arie Luyendijkbocht where he lost control of the car and crashed into the barriers. Marshalls got him out of the car and Ferrer was brought to a hospital, where he later died due to his injuries.[68]

Cycling and running competitions

Файл:Wielerkampioenschap amateurs te Zandvoort, Bestanddeelnr 911-3475.jpg
1960 amateur cycling championship

Motor racer Willy Koppen was the first woman to participate in motor trials in the early fifties on the circuit. In August 1959 the UCI Road World Championships men's race was held at Zandvoort. André Darrigade of France won the Шаблон:Convert race, Tom Simpson (Britain) was 4th.[69] In 1994 a large interregional amateur race cycling race was organised by HSV De Kampioen in Haarlem. Since 2008, the course has been used as the venue for the Runner's World Zandvoort Circuit Run, a 5-kilometre road running competition.[70] The 2010 edition of the race attracted Lornah Kiplagat, a multiple world champion, who won the ladies 5 km race.[71]

The Cycling Zandvoort 24h race was first held on 25–26 May 2013. It is open for public for soloists and teams up to 8 riders. A 6-hours was added to the event in 2016.[72] On 13./14. June 2015 (12:00) the Cycling Zandvoort – 24 hour race over 4307-m-laps took place.[73]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Navboxes

Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 21,2 21,3 21,4 21,5 Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  36. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  43. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  44. ↑ 44,0 44,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  45. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  46. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  47. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  48. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  49. ↑ 49,0 49,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  51. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  52. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  53. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  54. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  55. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  56. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  57. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  58. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  59. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  60. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  61. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  62. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  63. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  64. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  65. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  66. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  67. ↑ The Straits Times, 18 September 1979, p.26
  68. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  69. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  70. ↑ Runner's World Zandvoort Circuit Run. Runner's World Zandvoort Circuit Run. Retrieved on 28 March 2010.
  71. ↑ Laarhuis, Andra (28 March 2010). Kiplagat makes successful return after injury . IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-03-28.
  72. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web Buitenland – Cycling Zandvoort, Retrieved on 5 September 2015.
  73. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Circuit_Zandvoort&oldid=13965001