Английская Википедия:Cirencester (UK Parliament constituency)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox UK constituency Шаблон:Infobox UK constituency Cirencester was a parliamentary constituency in Gloucestershire. From 1571 until 1885, it was a parliamentary borough, which returned two Member of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until 1868, and one member between 1868 and 1885. In 1885 the borough was abolished but the name was transferred to the county constituency in which it stood; this constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election.

History

The town sent Members to Parliament on at least one occasion during the 14th century and again in 1547. Cirencester borough as established in 1571 consisted of part of the parish of Cirencester, a market town in the east of Gloucestershire. In 1831, the population of the borough was 4,420, and the town contained 917 houses.

The right to vote was exercised by all resident householders of the borough who were not receiving alms, an unusually liberal franchise for the period in any but the smallest towns, which meant that there were about 500 qualified voters. This arose from the chance that a dispute over the franchise arose in 1624, and the House of Commons had to decide whether only the freeholders could vote or if the right should extend to all the householders. The 1620s was a rare period when the Commons as a matter of policy tended to decide for the broadest interpretation in franchise disputes (all 15 cases brought before them in that decade were resolved in favour of the solution which enfranchised most voters), and consequently in Cirencester the householders acquired the right of which they were never subsequently deprived (and which was later confirmed at another disputed election in 1724). Another election petition, in 1709, turned on whether the inhabitants of the Abbey, Emery and Sperringate Lane sections of the town were included within the borough; the Commons ruled that they were, but they were excluded again after yet another disputed election in 1792.

Despite Cirencester's relatively large electorate, the local landowners (or "patrons") were able to exert a very substantial influence over the elections, and it could probably be fairly described as a pocket borough. From at least the start of the 18th century, the Bathurst family were Lords of the Manor and had a share of the patronage, almost invariably filling one of the seats themselves and occasionally nominating the other MP as well. The Master family, whose influence predated that of the Bathursts, were able to command the second seat for long periods. In the 18th century, both the Bathursts and the Masters were Tories. Nevertheless, there were signs that the townspeople could show independence on occasion: in 1754, when the head of the Masters was a child and the Bathursts tried to take both seats, Cirencester shocked its Tory patrons by electing a local Whig nobleman instead.

The Reform Act 1832 extended the borough's boundaries slightly to include the whole of the parish, increasing the population to 5,420; but even with the revised franchise this gave Cirencester only 604 electors. The reform apparently did little to democratise the borough, for Bathursts and Masters continued to be elected almost continually throughout its existence. As subsequent Reform Acts raised the barrier for representation, Cirencester lost one of its two MPs in 1868 and had its boundaries further extended to take in the adjoining parish of Stratton; but, still too small, the borough was abolished altogether in 1885.

However, the name was transferred to the county constituency in which the town was placed, formally called The Eastern (or Cirencester) Division of Gloucestershire. This was a substantially-sized constituency fairly similar in its boundaries to the modern Cotswold District Council, with a strong rural element but including a number of small towns apart from Cirencester - Chipping Campden, Fairford, Moreton-in-Marsh, Tetbury and Stow-on-the-Wold among them. In character it proved more Liberal than Cirencester borough had done, though this may have been as much from the dilution of the Bathurst influence as from political factors - consequently instead of being a safe Conservative seat it was generally a knife-edge marginal. Arthur Winterbotham, the Liberal who had won the constituency by 700 votes at its first election, in 1885, was re-elected unopposed when he became a Liberal Unionist in 1886, but when he switched back to the Liberals at the next general election his majority fell to 153. Winterbotham died later the same year, and the by-election was decided in favour of the Conservative candidate, Colonel Thomas Chester-Master, by just 3 votes; but his defeated opponent petitioned against the result and after further scrutiny of the ballots the result was revised and declared to be tied. It was impossible at this stage to give a casting vote to the returning officer (the usual solution to a tied election at that period), so the election had to be run again.

The constituency was abolished in 1918, being split between the new Cirencester and Tewkesbury and Stroud constituencies.

Boundaries

1885–1918: The Sessional Divisions of Chipping Campden, Cirencester, Fairford, Moreton-in-Marsh, Northleach, Stow-on-the-Wold, and Tetbury.

Members of Parliament

MPs 1547

Year	First member	Second member
1547	John Eston	George Ferrers

Borough constituency (1571–1885)

MPs 1571–1640

Year	First member	Second member
1571	Gabriel Blike	Thomas Poole
1572	Thomas Poole	Thomas Strange
1584	Thomas Poole (jun)	William Estcourt
1586	George Master	William Bridges, sat for Gloucestershire and was replaced by Charles Danvers
1589	Charles Danvers	George Master
1593	Oliver St John	Henry Ferrers
1597	Henry Poole	James Wroughton
1601	Richard Browne	Richard George
1604–1611	Arnold Oldsworth	Richard Martin, sat for Christchurch and was replaced by Edward Jones, who died and was replaced by Sir Anthony Manie
1614	Sir Anthony Manie	Robert Strange
1621–1622	Sir Thomas Roe	Thomas Nicholas
1624	Henry Poole	Sir William Master
1625	Sir Miles Sandys	Henry Poole
1626	Sir Neville Poole	John George
1628–1629	Sir Giles Estcourt	John George

MPs 1640–1868

Year		First member	First party		Second member	Second party
April 1640		Henry Poole			John George
November 1640		Sir Theobald Gorges	Royalist		John George	Royalist
January 1644	Gorges and George disabled from sitting - both seats vacant
February 1648		Sir Thomas Fairfax			Nathaniel Rich
December 1648	Fairfax not recorded as sitting after Pride's Purge
1653	Cirencester was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament
1654		John Stone		Cirencester had only one seat in the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
1656
January 1659					Richard Southby
May 1659		Nathaniel Rich		One seat vacant
April 1660		Thomas Master			Henry Powle
1661		The Earl of Newburgh			John George
1671		Henry Powle
1679					Sir Robert Atkyns
1685		Thomas Master			Charles Levingston
1689					John Grubham Howe
March 1690		Richard Grobham Howe			Henry Powle
November 1690					John Grubham Howe
1698		Henry Ireton			Charles Coxe
January 1701		James Thynne
December 1701		William Master
1705		Allen Bathurst			Henry Ireton
1708					Charles Coxe
1712	rowspan="5" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Thomas Master	Tory
1713	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Benjamin Bathurst	Tory
1727	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Peter Bathurst	Tory
1734				William Wodehouse
1735	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Henry Bathurst	Tory
1747	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Thomas Master	Tory
1749		John Coxe
1754	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Hon. Benjamin Bathurst	Tory	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Hon. John Dawnay	Whig
1761	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	James Whitshed	Tory
1768				Estcourt Creswell
1774				Samuel Blackwell
1783		rowspan="4" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Henry Bathurst			Tory
1784	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Whig
1785	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Richard Master		Tory
1792	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	(Sir) Robert Preston		Tory
1795	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |		Michael Hicks-Beach		Tory
1806	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Joseph Cripps		Tory
1812	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Henry Bathurst		Tory
1818	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |		Joseph Cripps		Tory
1834	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Conservative		style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Lord Edward Somerset	Conservative
1837	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Thomas Chester-Master I	Conservative
1841	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	William Cripps	Conservative
1844	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			George Child-Villiers	Conservative
1848	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Joseph Mullings	Conservative
1852	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Hon. Ashley Ponsonby	Whig
1857	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Allen Bathurst	Conservative
1859	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Hon. Ashley Ponsonby	Liberal
1865	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Hon. Ralph Dutton	Conservative
1868	Representation reduced to one member

MPs 1868–1885

Election		Member	Party
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1868	Allen Bathurst, later Earl Bathurst	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1878 by-election	Thomas Chester-Master II	Conservative
1885		Borough abolished - name transferred to county division

County constituency (1885–1918)

Election		Member	Party
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1885	Arthur Winterbotham	Liberal
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1886		Liberal Unionist
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1892		Liberal
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1892 by-election	Thomas Chester-Master	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1893 by-election	Harry Levy-Lawson	Liberal
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1895	Hon. Benjamin Bathurst	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1906	Walter Essex	Liberal
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1910	Hon. Benjamin Bathurst	Conservative
1918		constituency abolished

Elections

Elections in the 1830s

• Caused by Henry Bathurst's succession to the Peerage, becoming 4th Earl Bathurst

Elections in the 1840s

Chester-Master resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election

Cripps was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election.

Cripps' death caused a by-election.

Elections in the 1860s

Seat reduced to one member

Elections in the 1870s

• Bathurst succeeded to the peerage, becoming Earl Bathurst.

Elections in the 1880s

Файл:John Dorington.jpg

Dorington

Elections in the 1890s

• Chester-Master was originally declared the victor by 3 votes, but on petition and after scrutiny, the votes were declared equal and a new election was held.

Файл:The Hon. Benjamin Bathurst.jpg

Bathurst

References

• Шаблон:Rayment-hc
• Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807) [1]
• D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
• John Cannon, Parliamentary Reform 1640-1832 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972)
• Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [2]
• F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
• The Constitutional Year Book for 1913 (London: National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations, 1913)
• Lewis Namier & John Brooke, The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1754-1790 (London: HMSO, 1964)
• T. H. B. Oldfield The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland (London: Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1816)
• J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 - England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
• Frederic A Youngs, jr, Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol I (London: Royal Historical Society, 1979)

External links

• An account of the Cirencester election of 1647