Английская Википедия:City status in Indonesia

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In Indonesian law, the term "city" (Шаблон:Lang) is generally defined as the second-level administrative subdivision of the Republic of Indonesia, an equivalent to regency (Шаблон:Lang). The difference between a city and a regency is that a city has non-agricultural economic activities and a dense urban population, while a regency comprises predominantly rural areas and is larger in area than a city. However, Indonesia historically had several classifications of cities.

According to Шаблон:Lang, the official dictionary of the Indonesian language, a city (kota) is "a densely populated area with high density and modern facilities and most of the population works outside of agriculture."

Cities are divided into districts (Kecamatan, Distrik in Papua region, or Kemantren in Yogyakarta).

Historical classification

Файл:Coat of Arms of Buitenzorg (1932).svg

Buitenzorg was granted city status (Шаблон:Lang) by the government of the Dutch East Indies on 1 April 1905

Шаблон:Lang/municipality

During the Dutch East Indies period, a city was governed as Шаблон:Lang, or municipality, since the decentralisation law in 1903. The Шаблон:Lang was a third-level subdivision, below Шаблон:Lang (residency) and Шаблон:Lang (governorate) or Шаблон:Lang (province).

Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang

The terms Шаблон:Lang (big city), and Шаблон:Lang (small city or town), were used since the implementation of the Act Number 22 of 1948. Шаблон:Lang was an urban equivalent of Шаблон:Lang (regency), which was the country's second level subdivision, just below province. Шаблон:Lang, used for a small urban area, was the third-level division below regency and province.

Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, and Шаблон:Lang

City classification in Indonesia
during 1965–1974

city type	subdivision level	equivalence
Шаблон:Lang	First-level	Province
Шаблон:Lang	Second-level	Regency
Шаблон:Lang	Third-level	Districts

According to the Act Number 18 of 1965, cities in Indonesia were classified into three: Шаблон:Lang (great city, first-level subdivision), Шаблон:Lang (medium city, second-level subdivision), and Шаблон:Lang (small city or town, third-level subdivision). Шаблон:Lang is an equivalent of a province, Шаблон:Lang is an equivalent of a regency, while Шаблон:Lang is an equivalent of Шаблон:Lang (districts). Jakarta was the only city granted the Шаблон:Lang status, due to its function as the capital of Indonesia.

The terms Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang had been abolished since 1974, and Шаблон:Lang was used for most of urban areas in Indonesia up to 1999. Jakarta continued to become the only urban area with a province status.

Шаблон:Lang

The term Шаблон:Lang (administrative city, not to be confused with Шаблон:Lang) was used after the implementation of Act Number 5 of 1974. Шаблон:Lang status was granted to a town inside the territory of a regency (Шаблон:Lang) that were deemed necessary in accordance with the town's growth and development. Шаблон:Lang does not have autonomy and its own legislature, and was responsible to its parent regency. The term Шаблон:Lang was abolished with the implementation of Act Number 22 of 1999, and all Шаблон:Lang were either granted full Шаблон:Lang (city) status or dissolved and merged with its parent regency.

Шаблон:Lang

Шаблон:See also The term Шаблон:Lang (city) has been implemented to substitute Шаблон:Lang since the post-Suharto era in Indonesia. Шаблон:Lang is headed by a mayor (Шаблон:Lang), who is directly elected via elections to serve for a five-year term, which can be renewed for one further five-year term. Each Шаблон:Lang is divided further into districts, more commonly known as Шаблон:Lang.

Jakarta as a city

Файл:Balai Kota DKI Jakarta.jpg

Jakarta City Hall, the seat of the governor of Jakarta

Jakarta, then known as Batavia, was the first city in the archipelago to be developed by the Dutch Empire. On the 4 March 1621, the first city government (Шаблон:Lang) was created in Batavia, and on 1 April 1905, it became the very first municipality (Шаблон:Lang) of the Dutch East Indies. Upon Indonesian independence, it remains as the city within the province of West Java. With the release of the Act Number 1 of 1957, Jakarta became the first provincial-level city in Indonesia. Although Jakarta is now written as a 'province' in Indonesian law products, it is still widely referred to as a city. The United Nations (UN) classifies Jakarta as a 'city' on its statistical database.

The Special Capital Region of Jakarta consists of five 'administrative cities' and one 'administrative regency'. Unlike other actual cities in Indonesia, administrative cities in Jakarta are not self-governing, and were only created for bureaucracy purposes. The administrative cities do not have city councils, and their mayors were exclusively selected by the Governor of Jakarta without any public election. Ryas Rasyid, an Indonesian regional government expert, stated that Jakarta is a "province with a city management". Anies Baswedan, the 17th Governor of Jakarta, asserted that "Jakarta has only an area of 600 square kilometres. It is a city with the province status." Unlike other 37 Indonesian provinces whose governors work in a 'governor office' (Kantor Gubernur), the governor of Jakarta works in a city hall (Шаблон:Lang).

List of cities by date of incorporation

City	Date incorporated	First city status	Present-day province
JakartaШаблон:Ref	4 March 1621	Stad	Special Capital Region of Jakarta
BogorШаблон:Ref	1 April 1905	Gemeente	West Java
Bandung	1 April 1906	Gemeente	West Java
Blitar	1 April 1906	Gemeente	East Java
Cirebon	1 April 1906	Gemeente	West Java
Kediri	1 April 1906	Gemeente	East Java
Makassar	1 April 1906	Gemeente	South Sulawesi
Magelang	1 April 1906	Gemeente	Central Java
Padang	1 April 1906	Gemeente	West Sumatra
Palembang	1 April 1906	Gemeente	South Sumatra
Pekalongan	1 April 1906	Gemeente	Central Java
Semarang	1 April 1906	Gemeente	Central Java
Surabaya	1 April 1906	Gemeente	East Java
Tegal	1 April 1906	Gemeente	Central Java
Medan	1 April 1909	Gemeente	North Sumatra
Malang	1 April 1914	Gemeente	East Java
Sukabumi	1 April 1914	Gemeente	West Java
Binjai	1 July 1917	Gemeente	North Sumatra
Pematang Siantar	1 July 1917	Gemeente	North Sumatra
Tanjung Balai	1 July 1917	Gemeente	North Sumatra
Tebing Tinggi	1 July 1917	Gemeente	North Sumatra
Salatiga	1 July 1917	Gemeente	Central Java
Madiun	20 June 1918	Gemeente	East Java
Mojokerto	20 June 1918	Gemeente	East Java
Pasuruan	20 June 1918	Gemeente	East Java
BukittinggiШаблон:Ref	1 July 1918	Gemeente	West Sumatra
Probolinggo	1 July 1918	Gemeente	East Java
Sawahlunto	1 July 1918	Gemeente	West Sumatra
Banjarmasin	1 July 1919	Gemeente	South Kalimantan
Manado	1 July 1919	Gemeente	North Sulawesi
Banda AcehШаблон:Ref	17 May 1946	Kota otonom B	Aceh
Bengkulu	17 May 1946	Kota otonom B	Bengkulu
Jambi	17 May 1946	Kota otonom B	Jambi
Pangkal Pinang	17 May 1946	Kota otonom B	Bangka Belitung Islands
Pekanbaru	17 May 1946	Kota otonom B	Riau
Sibolga	17 May 1946	Kota otonom B	North Sumatra
Bandar LampungШаблон:Ref	17 May 1946	Kota otonom B	Lampung
Pontianak	14 August 1946	Landschaps-gemeente	West Kalimantan
Surakarta	5 June 1947	Haminte Kota	Central Java
Yogyakarta	8 June 1947	Haminte Kota	Special Region of Yogyakarta
Padang Panjang	23 March 1956	Kota Kecil	West Sumatra
Payakumbuh	23 March 1956	Kota Kecil	West Sumatra
Solok	23 March 1956	Kota Kecil	West Sumatra
Balikpapan	4 July 1959	Kotapraja (2nd-level)	East Kalimantan
Palangka Raya	17 July 1957	Kotapraja (2nd-level)	Central Kalimantan
Gorontalo	4 July 1959	Kotapraja (2nd-level)	Gorontalo
Ambon	31 July 1958	Kotapraja (2nd-level)	Maluku
Parepare	4 July 1959	Kotapraja (2nd-level)	South Sulawesi
Samarinda	4 July 1959	Kotapraja (2nd-level)	East Kalimantan
Sabang	14 June 1965	Kotapraja (2nd-level)	Aceh
Batam	7 December 1983	Kotamadya	Riau Islands
Bitung	15 August 1990	Kotamadya	North Sulawesi
Denpasar	15 January 1992	Kotamadya	Bali
Tangerang	27 February 1993	Kotamadya	Banten
Mataram	26 July 1993	Kotamadya	West Nusa Tenggara
Jayapura	2 August 1993	Kotamadya	Papua
Palu	22 July 1994	Kotamadya	Central Sulawesi
Kendari	3 August 1995	Kotamadya	Southeast Sulawesi
Kupang	11 April 1996	Kotamadya	East Nusa Tenggara
Bekasi	16 December 1996	Kotamadya	West Java
Tarakan	8 October 1997	Kotamadya	North Kalimantan
Banjarbaru	20 April 1999	Kotamadya	South Kalimantan
Cilegon	20 April 1999	Kotamadya	Banten
Depok	20 April 1999	Kotamadya	West Java
Dumai	20 April 1999	Kotamadya	Riau
Metro	20 April 1999	Kotamadya	Lampung
Ternate	20 April 1999	Kotamadya	North Maluku
Bontang	4 October 1999	Kota	East Kalimantan
Sorong	4 October 1999	Kota	West Papua
Batu	21 June 2001	Kota	East Java
Baubau	21 June 2001	Kota	Southeast Sulawesi
Cimahi	21 June 2001	Kota	West Java
Langsa	21 June 2001	Kota	Aceh
Lhokseumawe	21 June 2001	Kota	Aceh
Lubuklinggau	21 June 2001	Kota	South Sumatra
Padang Sidempuan	21 June 2001	Kota	North Sumatra
Pagar Alam	21 June 2001	Kota	South Sumatra
Prabumulih	21 June 2001	Kota	South Sumatra
Singkawang	21 June 2001	Kota	West Kalimantan
Tanjung Pinang	21 June 2001	Kota	Riau Islands
Tasikmalaya	21 June 2001	Kota	West Java
Banjar	11 December 2002	Kota	West Java
Bima	10 April 2002	Kota	West Nusa Tenggara
Palopo	10 April 2002	Kota	South Sulawesi
Pariaman	10 April 2002	Kota	West Sumatra
Tidore	25 February 2003	Kota	North Maluku
Tomohon	25 February 2003	Kota	North Sulawesi
Kotamobagu	2 January 2007	Kota	North Sulawesi
Subulussalam	2 January 2007	Kota	Aceh
Serang	10 August 2007	Kota	Banten
Tual	10 August 2007	Kota	Maluku
Sungai Penuh	21 July 2008	Kota	Jambi
Gunungsitoli	26 November 2008	Kota	North Sumatra
South Tangerang	26 November 2008	Kota	Banten

Notes

• ^{Шаблон:Note} Incorporated as Batavia
• ^{Шаблон:Note} Incorporated as Buitenzorg
• ^{Шаблон:Note} Incorporated as Fort de Kock
• ^{Шаблон:Note} Incorporated as Kutaraja
• ^{Шаблон:Note} Incorporated as Tanjungkarang–Telukbetung

See also

• City status
• List of Indonesian cities by population
• List of Indonesian cities by GDP
• Kreisfreie Stadt, a similar administrative division found in Germany