Английская Википедия:Clara Willdenow

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Шаблон:Short description Clara Willdenow (8 October 1856 – 7 April 1931) was one of the first German women to attain a medical degree, though because she was denied study in her own country, she earned her degree in Switzerland. Opening a private gynaecology clinic, she operated it for more than two decades. Willdenow was openly lesbian and did not attempt to hide her orientation.

Biography

Clara Willdenow was born on 8 October 1856 in Bonn, Kingdom of Prussia.Шаблон:Sfn Her father, Karl Willdenow is sometimes styled as a pedagogist from Berlin,Шаблон:Sfn at others as a privy councilor from BreslauШаблон:Sfn and at others a curator at the University of Bonn. Her great-grandfather was the botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow.Шаблон:Sfn She was privately educated until completing her Abitur and then enrolled in 1884 at the medical school at Zurich University.Шаблон:Sfn At the time, German universities refused to admit women.Шаблон:Sfn Studying in Zurich until 1887,Шаблон:Sfn after passing her Propaedeutic Examinations she went on to further her education at Bern, with a specialty in pediatrics.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn While she was still a student, she met Friedrich Nietzsche and belonged to his circle, which included Agnes Bluhm, Eva Corell, Meta von Salis, and Resa von Schirnhofer.Шаблон:Sfn She was awarded a degree in 1893,Шаблон:Sfn becoming one of the few German women granted a medical degree prior to 1900.Шаблон:Sfn

Willdenow conducted laboratory work under Шаблон:Ill, the noted chemist. She studied the milk protein casein and conducted research into the inorganic salts of lysine in the 1890s.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In 1894, she opened a private gynaecological practice in the Seefield district of Zurich, which she operated until 1923.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She was known for her explicit relationships with women and was likely exclusively lesbian. Between 1904 and 1909, she was the lover of Mentona Moser and then for thirty-one years had a relationship with Pauline Bindschedler.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The word lesbian was not in common use at the time, but in describing their relationship, Moser specifically called it "lesbian love".Шаблон:Sfn

In 1900, Willdenow and other doctors signed a petition asking the Federal Council to accept examination results for Swiss universities as prerequisites for the German examinations.Шаблон:Sfn Though in 1899, German law changed and allowed women to participate in the medical profession, the application of the law was varied among the German states.Шаблон:Sfn Willdenow later volunteered as a doctor in a Berlin clinic. She died on 7 April 1931 in Zurich.Шаблон:Sfn

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