Английская Википедия:Classical albedo features on Mars
Шаблон:Short descriptionШаблон:Multiple image
The classical albedo features of Mars are the light and dark features that can be seen on the planet Mars through an Earth-based telescope. Before the age of space probes, several astronomers created maps of Mars on which they gave names to the features they could see. The most popular system of nomenclature was devised by Giovanni Schiaparelli, who used names from classical antiquity. Today, the improved understanding of Mars enabled by space probes has rendered many of the classical names obsolete for the purposes of cartography; however, some of the old names are still used to describe geographical features on the planet.
History
Observing albedo features
Early telescopic astronomers, observing Mars from a great distance through primitive instruments (though they were advanced for their day), were limited to studying albedo contrasts on the surface of the planet. These lighter and darker patches rarely correspond to topographic features and in many cases obscure them. The origins of the albedo contrasts were a mystery. The lighter patches at the poles were correctly believed to be a frozen substance, either water or carbon dioxide, but the nature of the dark patches seen against the general reddish tint of Mars was uncertain for centuries. When Giovanni Schiaparelli began observing Mars in 1877, he believed that the darker features were seas, lakes, and swamps and named them accordingly in Latin (mare, lacus, palus etc.). Within a few decades, however, most astronomers came to agree that Mars lacks large bodies of surface water. The dark features were then thought by some to be indications of Martian vegetation, since they changed shape and intensity over the course of the Martian year. They are now known to be areas where the wind has swept away the paler dust, exposing a darker surface, often basaltic rock; so their borders change in response to windstorms on the Martian surface that move the dust around, widening or narrowing the features.
The dust-storms themselves also appear as light patches, can cover vast areas and sometimes last for many weeks; when Mariner 9 arrived in Martian orbit in November 1971 the entire planet was covered by a single enormous dust-storm, with only the peaks of the four or five highest mountains showing above it. This variability may explain many of the differences between telescopic observations over the years.
Early non-classical names
Шаблон:Main The first map of Martian albedo features was published in 1840 by Johann Heinrich Mädler and Wilhelm Beer, but they simply labelled the features a, b, c ... without giving them names. Over the next two decades the most prominent features picked up various informal names (such as the Hourglass Sea for our Syrtis Major Planum) but there was no overall system.
The first astronomer to name Martian albedo features systematically was Richard A. Proctor, who in 1867 created a map (based in part on the observations of William Rutter Dawes) in which several features were given the names of astronomers who had been involved in mapping Mars. In some cases, the same names were used for multiple features. Proctor's names remained in use for several decades, notably in several early maps drawn by Camille Flammarion in 1876 and Nathaniel Green in 1877.
Schiaparelli's classical names
However, within a few decades Proctor's names were superseded by a new scheme devised by Giovanni Schiaparelli, whose observations differed from Proctor's, and who used this difference to justify drawing up an entirely new system of nomenclature. Schiaparelli was an expert on ancient astronomy and geography, and used Latin names, drawn from the myths, history and geography of classical antiquity; dark features were named after ancient seas and rivers, light areas after islands and legendary lands.
When E. M. Antoniadi took over as the leading telescopic observer of Mars in the early 20th century, he followed Schiaparelli's names rather than Proctor's, and the Proctorian names quickly became obsolete. In his encyclopedic work La Planète Mars (1930) Antoniadi used all Schiaparelli's names and added more of his own from the same classical sources. However, there was still no 'official' system of names for Martian features.
In 1958, the International Astronomical Union set up an ad hoc committee under Audouin Dollfus, which settled on a list of 128 officially recognised albedo features. Of these, 105 came from Schiaparelli, 2 from Flammarion, 2 from Percival Lowell, and 16 from Antoniadi, with an additional 3 from the committee itself. This involved a considerable amount of pruning; Antoniadi's La Planète Mars had mentioned 558 named features.[1][2][3]
The pictures returned by interplanetary spacecraft, notably the observations made from Martian orbit by Mariner 9 over the course of 1972, have revolutionized the scientific understanding of Mars, and some of the classical albedo features have become obsolete as they do not correspond clearly with the detailed images provided by the spacecraft. However, many of the names used for topographic features on Mars are still based on the classical nomenclature for the feature's location; for instance, the albedo feature 'Ascraeus Lacus' provides the basis of the name of the volcano Ascraeus Mons in roughly the same position.
In addition, since most Earth-based amateur telescopes are not powerful enough to resolve the topographic surface features of Mars, amateur astronomers still use many of the old feature-names to orient themselves and record their observations.
Common feature names
Several Latin words involved here are common nouns. These are generally, but not always, second in the name, but are usually ignored in alphabetizing below:
- Campi (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – fields
- Cherso (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – peninsula
- Cornu (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – horn, peninsula
- Depressio (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – lowland
- Fastigium (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – summit
- Fons (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – fountain
- Fretum (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – strait
- Insula (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – island
- Lacus (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – lake
- Lucus (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – grove
- Mare (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – sea
- Nix (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – snow
- Palus (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – marsh
- Pons (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – bridge
- Promontorium (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – cape
- Regio (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – region
- Silva (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – wood
- Sinus (Шаблон:IPAc-en) – bay
List of albedo features
Not listed here are the "canals" also observed and named by Schiaparelli, for which see the article Martian canals.
Note that the pronunciation refers to English pronunciation, not Latin or Italian.
A
| Name | Pronunciation | Meaning | Modern name(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abalos | Шаблон:IPAc-en | A no-longer existent island in the North Sea, east of Heligoland | Abalos Colles, Abalos Mensa, Abalos Scopuli, Abalos Undae |
| Achæorum Portus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Harbor of the Achaeans" | Шаблон:N/a |
| Acherusia Palus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Marsh of Acherusia", named after the legendary swamps in Greek mythology | Шаблон:N/a |
| Achillis Pons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Bridge of Achilles" | Шаблон:N/a |
| Mare Acidalium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Sea of Acidalia", named for the fountain Acidalia where the Graces bathed | Acidalia Colles, Acidalia Mensa, Acidalia Planitia |
| Æolis | Шаблон:IPAc-en | a modification of Aeolia, the name of the floating western island of Aiolos, the ruler of the winds | Aeolis Mensae, Aeolis Planum |
| Aëria | Шаблон:IPAc-en | From a poetic name for Egypt | Aeria, IAU recognized albedo feature |
| Ætheria | Шаблон:IPAc-en | – the land of the living, as referred to in Virgil's Aeneid | Aetheria, IAU recognized albedo feature |
| Æthiopis | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Land of the Ethiopians | Aethiopis, IAU recognized albedo feature |
| Aganippe Fons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Aganippe's Fountain", legendary home of a Greek naiad | Aganippe Fossa |
| Alcyonia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Land of kingfishers. | Шаблон:N/a |
| Amazonis | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Land of the Amazon", legendary warrior women | Amazonis Mensa, Amazonis Planitia, Amazonis Sulci |
| Amenthes | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Alternate name for Duat, the Egyptian land of the dead | Amenthes Cavi, Amenthes Fossae, Amenthes Planum, Amenthes Rupes |
| Ammonium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Ancient name for the Siwa Oasis | Шаблон:N/a |
| Mare Amphitrites | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Sea of Amphitrite", a Greek sea-goddess | Amphitrites Patera |
| Lucus Angitiæ | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Grove of Angitia", named after the snake goddess | Шаблон:N/a |
| Depressiones Aoniæ | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lowlands of the Muses", who came from Helicon in AoniaШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:N/a |
| Aonius Sinus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Bay of the Muses"Шаблон:Citation needed | Aonia Mons, Aonia Planum, Aonia Terra, Aonia Tholus |
| Aponi Fons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Roman name for the Bagni d'Abano, warm-water baths near Padua | Шаблон:N/a |
| Aquæ Apollinares | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Apollo's Waters"; Roman name for the Bagni di Stigliano baths in Canale Monterano, TuscanyШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:N/a |
| Aquæ Calidæ | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Hot spring" | Шаблон:N/a |
| Aquarii Depressio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lowland of Aquarius" | Шаблон:N/a |
| Arabia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Arabian peninsula | Arabia Terra |
| Arachoti Fons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Fountain of Arachotus", a river in AfghanistanШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:N/a |
| Aram | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Aram, Biblical land of the Aramaeans | Aram Chaos |
| Arcadia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | From Arcadia, a region of the central Peloponnesus | Arcadia Chaos, Arcadia Dorsa, Arcadia Planitia |
| Arduenna | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Latin names for the Ardennes forests | Шаблон:N/a |
| Arethusa Fons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Arethusa's Fountain", after the Greek nymph | Шаблон:N/a |
| Argyre I | Шаблон:IPAc-en | One of a pair of legendary islands, Chryse and Argyre, located in the Indian Ocean and said to be made of gold and silver | Argyre Cavi, Argyre Planitia, Argyre Rupes, Argyre quadrangle |
| Argyre II | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Second Silver Land" (see above) | Шаблон:N/a |
| Argyroporos | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Silver Strait" | Шаблон:N/a |
| Ariadnes Depressio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lowland of Ariadne", a Greek heroine | Ariadnes Colles |
| Aromatum Promontorium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Cape of Fragrant Spices"Шаблон:Citation needed | Aromatum Chaos |
| Arsia Silva | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Arsia Silva, forest northwest of Rome where the Tarquinii were defeated | Arsia Chasmata, Arsia Mons, Arsia Sulci |
| Arsinoës Depressio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Lowland of Arsinoë, the name of various Greek and Egyptian figures | Arsinoes Chaos |
| Artynia Fons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Artynia's Fountain", referring to Lake Artynia in Asia Minor | Artynia Catena |
| Aryn Promontorium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Cape of Aryn" | Шаблон:N/a |
| Fastigium Aryn | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Summit of Aryn" | Шаблон:N/a |
| Ascræus Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Ascraeus Lake", a poetic paraphrase of "heliconian" or "rural"Шаблон:Citation needed | Ascraeus Chasmata, Ascraeus Mons, Ascraeus Sulci |
| Astræ Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lake of the Astra", Greek star-gods Шаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:N/a |
| Atalantes Depressio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Lowland of Atalanta, Greek heroine | Шаблон:N/a |
| Nix Atlantica | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Snows of Atlas",Шаблон:Citation needed a Titan in Greek mythology | Шаблон:N/a |
| Atlantidum Sinus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Bay of the Atlantises" (just south of Atlantis I and II, see below) | Шаблон:N/a |
| Atlantis I | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "First Atlantis", mythical drowned land | Atlantis Chaos |
| Atlantis II | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Second Atlantis" (see above) | Atlantis Chaos |
| Augila | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Awjila, a city in Cyrenaica | Шаблон:N/a |
| Aurea Cherso | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Golden Peninsula", ancient name for the Malay Peninsula | Шаблон:N/a |
| Aureum Cornu | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Golden Horn", inlet dividing Constantinople | Aureum Chaos |
| Auroræ Sinus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Bay of the Dawn" | Aurorae Planum, Aurorae Chaos |
| Ausonia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | From a poetic name for Italy | Ausonia Cavus, Ausonia Mensa, Ausonia Montes |
| Mare Australe | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Southern Sea" | Chasma Australe, Australe Lingula, Australe Mensa, Australe Montes, Planum Australe, Australe Scopuli, Australe Sulci, Mare Australe quadrangle |
B-E
| Name | Pronunciation | Meaning | Modern name(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baltia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | From a name for the regions near the Baltic Sea | Baltia, IAU recognized albedo feature |
| Bandusiæ Fons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Fountain of Bandusia", title of a poem by Horace | Шаблон:N/a |
| Bathys Portus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Deep Harbor", the port of Aulis in BoeotiaШаблон:Citation needed | Bathys Planum, changed to Icaria Planum |
| Benacus Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lake Benacus" (Lago di Garda in northern Italy) | Шаблон:N/a |
| Biblis Fons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Biblis Fountain", a Carian well near MiletusШаблон:Citation needed | Biblis Patera, Biblis Tholus |
| Bosporium Promontorium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Cape of the Bosphorus" | |
| Bosporus/Bosphorus Gemmatus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Bejewelled Bosphorus" | Bosporos Planum, Bosporus Regio, Bosporos Rupes |
| Brangæna | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Шаблон:N/a | |
| Capri | "Isle of Capri" | Capri Chasma, Capri Mensa | |
| Casius | Mt Casius in Egypt, famous in antiquity for the nearby coastal marshes in which whole armies were reputed to have drowned | Casius quadrangle | |
| Castalia Fons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Castalian Springs" | |
| Cebrenia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Land of Cebrenia near Troy | Cebrenia quadrangle |
| Cecropia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Land of Cecrops" | |
| Ceraunius | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Ceraunius Catena, Ceraunius Fossae | |
| Chalce | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Chalce Montes | |
| Charitum Promontorium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Cape of the Graces" | Charitum Montes |
| Chironis Fretum | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Strait of Chiron" | |
| Mare Chronium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Planum Chronium, Chronius Mons | |
| Chryse | Шаблон:IPAc-en | One of a pair of legendary islands, Chryse and Argyre, located in the Indian Ocean and said to be made of gold and silver | Chryse Chaos, Chryse Colles, Chryse Planitia |
| Chrysokeras | Шаблон:IPAc-en | The Golden Horn | |
| Cimmeria Insula | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Cimmerian Island" | Шаблон:N/a |
| Mare Cimmerium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Cimmerian Sea", named after an ancient Thracian seafaring people | Terra Cimmeria |
| Circaeum Promontorium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Cape of Circe" | |
| Claritas | Latin for "bright" | Claritas Fossae, Claritas Rupes | |
| Clepsydra Fons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Water-clock fountain", a well in the Athenian acropolis. | |
| Coprates | Шаблон:IPAc-en | River Coprates, now called the Dez, in modern Iran | Coprates Chasma |
| Coracis Portus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Haven of Corax" | |
| Cyane Fons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Cyane fountain", a spring in Sicily from which the Cyane river sprang, named for a nymph. | Cyane Catena, Cyane Fossae |
| Cydonia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | poetic name for Crete | Cydonia, Cydonia Mensae, Cydonia Labyrinthus, Cydonia Colles |
| Cynia Lacus | |||
| Danaïdum Depressio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lowland of the daughters of Danaüs" | |
| Daphne | Шаблон:IPAc-en | From Daphne ("bay laurel"), a nymph pursued by Apollo. | |
| Deucalionis Regio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Region of Deucalion" | |
| Dia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | An island north of Crete | |
| Diacria | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Diacria highlands around Marathon | Diacria quadrangle |
| Dioscuria | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Land of the Dioscuri" | |
| Eden | Шаблон:IPAc-en | From Eden, the biblical paradise | Eden Patera |
| Edom | Шаблон:IPAc-en | From Edom, an ancient kingdom in modern Jordan | |
| Edom Promontorium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Cape of Edom" | |
| Electris | Шаблон:IPAc-en | The principal island of the "Electrides", islands said to produce amber. | Electris Mons |
| Elysium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | From Elysium, the Greek land of dead heroes | Elysium Planitia, Elysium Mons, Elysium Fossae, Elysium quadrangle |
| Eridania | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Land of the River Eridanus | Eridania Mons, Eridania Planitia, Eridania quadrangle, Eridania Scopulus |
| Mare Erythræum | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Red Sea" | Erythraea Fossae |
F-L
| Name | Pronunciation | Meaning | Modern name(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Famæ Depressio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lowland of Fame" | |
| Ferentinæ Lucus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Grove of Ferentina" | |
| Lucus Feronia | "Grove of Wild Beasts" | ||
| Flevo Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | ||
| Gallinaria Silva | Шаблон:IPAc-en | ||
| Mare Hadriaticum | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Adriatic Sea" Aka Hadriaticum Mare | Hadriacus Mons, Hadriaca Patera |
| Hammonis Cornu | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Horn of Ammon" | |
| Hellas | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Greece" | Hellas Planitia, Hellas Montes, Hellas quadrangle |
| Heræum Promontorium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Cape of Hera" | |
| Hercynia Silva | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Hercynian Forest | |
| Herculis Columnæ | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Pillars of Hercules" | |
| Herculis Pons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Bridge of Hercules" | |
| Hesperia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Land of the Setting Sun" | Hesperia Dorsa, Hesperia Planum |
| Hesperidum Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lake of the Hesperides | |
| Hibe | Шаблон:IPAc-en | ||
| Hippocrene Fons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Fountain of Hippocrene", near Mount Helicon | |
| Hipponitis Palus | |||
| Horarum Promontorium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Cape of the Hours" | Horarum Mons |
| Hypelaus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | A fountain in Ephesus. | |
| Hyperboreus Lacus | Greek/Latin: Far Northern Lake | Hyperboreae Undae | |
| Iapygia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Salento in Italy, ancient home of the Iapyges | Iapygia quadrangle |
| Icaria | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Icaria Fossae, Icaria Planum | |
| Mare Icarium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | ||
| Ierne | Шаблон:IPAc-en | A name for Ireland | |
| Isidis Regio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Region of Isis" | Isidis Planitia |
| Ismenius Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | The Ismenian Spring near Thebes where Cadmus slew the guardian dragon | Ismenia Patera, Ismeniae Fossae Ismenius Cavus, Ismenius Lacus quadrangle |
| Jani Fretum | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Strait of Janus" | Iani Chaos |
| Juventæ Fons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Fountain of Youth" a.k.a. Fons Juventæ | Juventae Chasma, Juventae Dorsa |
| Labeatis Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Lake of the Labeates, a people of Illyria | |
| Lausonius Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | ||
| Lemuria | Шаблон:IPAc-en | From Lemuria, a fictional sunken land in the Pacific or Indian Ocean | |
| Lerne | Шаблон:IPAc-en | ||
| Libya | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Libya" | Libya Montes |
| Lucrinus Lacus | The Lucrine Lake in Roman Italy | ||
| Lunæ Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lake of the Moon" a.k.a. Lacus Lunæ | Lunae Palus quadrangle, Lunae Planum |
M-N
| Name | Pronunciation | Meaning | Modern name(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mæisia Silva | |||
| Mapharitis | |||
| Mareotis | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Land about Mareota", in Lower Egypt. | Mareotis Fossae |
| Margaritifer Sinus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Pearlbearing Bay" | Margaritifer Terra, Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle |
| Lucus Maricæ | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Grove of Maríca", a nymph of Latium. | Lucus Planum |
| Memnonia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Land of Memnon" | Memnonia Fossae, Memnonia quadrangle |
| Meroë Insula | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Island of Meroe" | Meroe Patera |
| Messeis Fons | |||
| Lacus Mœris | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Lake Moeris, a lake in the Egyptian Fayum | |
| Mons Argenteus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Silver mountain" | Dorsa Argentea, Argentea Planum |
| Neith Regio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Region of Neith" | |
| Nepheles Depressio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lowland of cloud" | |
| Nereïdum Promontorium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Cape of the Nereids | Nereidum Montes |
| Nerigos | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Name of a fictional country, supposedly in or near Scandinavia | |
| Nessonis Lacus | |||
| Niliacus Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lake of the Nile" | Colles Nili |
| Nilokeras | "Horn of the Nile" | Nilokeras Fossae, Nilokeras Mensae | |
| Nitriæ | Шаблон:IPAc-en | ||
| Nix Atlantica | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Atlantic Snow" | Шаблон:N/a |
| Nix Olympica | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Olympian Snow" | Olympus Maculae, Olympus Mons, Olympus Patera, Olympus Rupes |
| Noachis | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Land of Noah" | Noachis quadrangle, Noachis Terra |
| Nodus Gordii | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Gordian Knot" | Gordii Dorsum |
| Noti Sinus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Bay of Notus" | |
| Novissima Thyle | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Newest Thule" | |
| Nuba Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en |
O-S
| Name | Pronunciation | Meaning | Modern name(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mare Oceanidum | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Sea of the Oceanids" | Oceanidum Fossa, Oceanidum Mons |
| Octantis Depressio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lowland of Octans" | Octantis Cavi, Octantis Mons |
| Œnotria | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Oenotria Plana, Oenotria Scopuli | |
| Ogygis Regio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Region of Ogyges" | Ogygis Rupes, Ogygis Undae |
| Ophir | Шаблон:IPAc-en | From Ophir, a biblical land of gold | Ophir Catenae, Ophir Cavi, Ophir Chasma, Ophir Planum |
| Ortygia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Ortygia Colles | |
| Oxia Palus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Oxeia, a Greek Island in Ionian Sea | Oxia Chaos, Oxia Colles, Oxia Palus quadrangle |
| Palicorum Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | ||
| Palinuri Fretum | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Strait of Palinurus" | |
| Palinuri Sinus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Bay of Palinurus" | |
| Pallas Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lake of Pallas" | |
| Panchaia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | From the name of an island supposed to be in South Arabia | Panchaia Rupes |
| Phaëthontis | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Land of Phaethon or Phaethon (son of Eos)" | Phaethontis quadrangle |
| Phlegra | Шаблон:IPAc-en | From a district in Macedonia. | Phlegra Montes |
| Campi Phlegræi | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Fields of Phlegra" | Phlegra Montes |
| Phœnicis Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lake of the Phoenix" a.k.a. Lacus Phœnicis | Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle |
| Phrixi Regio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Region of Phrixus" | Phrixi Rupes |
| Piscis Depressio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Depression of the Fish" | |
| Depressio Pontica | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lowland of Pontus" | |
| Promethei Sinus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Bay of Prometheus" | Promethei Terra |
| Propontis | Шаблон:IPAc-en | From an old name for the Sea of Marmara | |
| Protei Regio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Region of Proteus" | |
| Pyrrhæ Regio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Region of Pyrrha" | Pyrrhae Chaos, Pyrrhae Fossae |
| Rupes Tenuis | Latin: "Thin Cliff" | Tenuis Mensae, Rupes Tenuis | |
| Sinus Sabæus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Bay of Sheba" Aka Sabaeus Sinus | Terra Sabaea, Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle |
| Scandia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | From a name for Skåne or Scandinavia | Scandia Cavi, Scandia Colles, Scandia Tholi |
| Scheria Insula | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Scheria Island" | |
| Semiramidis Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lake of Semiramis" | |
| Serapium | |||
| Simoëntis Sinus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Bay of Simois" | Simois Colles |
| Sirbonis Palus | The army-swallowing Serbonian Bog near Mt Casius in Egypt | Шаблон:N/a | |
| Mare Sirenum | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Sea of Sirens" | Terra Sirenum |
| Socratis Promontorium | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Cape of Socrates" | |
| Solis Fons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Fountain of the Sun" | Obsolete |
| Solis Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Lake of the Sun" | Solis Planum |
| Stygis | "Styx River", Greece | Stygis Catena, Stygis Fossae | |
| Syrtis Major | Шаблон:IPAc-en | a Libyan gulf, now Gulf of Sidra | Syrtis Major Planum, Syrtis Major quadrangle |
| Syrtis Minor | Шаблон:IPAc-en | now Gulf of Gabès in Tunisia. a.k.a. Syrtis Parva |
T-Z
| Name | Pronunciation | Meaning | Modern name(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tempe | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Vale of Tempe, Greece | Tempe Fossae, Tempe Terra |
| Tharsis | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Tarshish" ancient source of ship-loads of silver. Possibly Tartessos or Sardinia | Tharsis Montes, Tharsis quadrangle |
| Thaumasia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Land of Wonders" | Thaumasia Planum, Thaumasia quadrangle |
| Thyle I | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "First Thule" | Thyles Montes, Thyles Rupes |
| Thyle II | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Second Thule" | |
| Thyles Collis | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Hill of Thule" | |
| Thyles Mons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Mountain of Thule" | |
| Thymiamata | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Incenses" | |
| Tiphys Fretum | Шаблон:IPAc-en | ||
| Titanum Sinus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Bay of the Titans" | |
| Tithonius Lacus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | Tithoniae Catenae, Tithoniae Fossae, Tithonium Chasma | |
| Trinythios | |||
| Trivii Fons | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Fountain of the Crossroads" (east of Trivium Charontis) | |
| Trivium Charontis | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Crossroads of Charon" | |
| Mare Tyrrhenum | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Tyrrhenian Sea" | Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle, Tyrrhenus Mons, Tyrrhena Terra |
| Uchronia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Nowhen" | |
| Ulyxis Fretum | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Strait of Ulysses" | Ulyxis Rupes |
| Utopia | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Nowhere, Utopia" | Utopia Planitia |
| Vulcani Pelagus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Sea of Vulcan" | |
| Xanthi Sinus | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Bay of Xanthus" | Xanthe Dorsa, Xanthe Terra |
| Xisuthri Regio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Region of Xisuthrus" | |
| Yaonis Regio | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Region of Emperor Yao" | |
| Zephyria | Шаблон:IPAc-en | "Land of the West Wind (Zephyr)" | Zephyria Planum, Zephyria Mensae |
See also
- Aspledon Undae
- Dark dune spots
- List of craters on Mars
- List of Martian canals
- Mars
- Martian canals
- Siton Undae
References
Further reading
External links
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ United States Geological Survey Astrogeology Program, "Mars Nomenclature: Albedo Feature", Gazetteer of Planetary NomenclatureШаблон:Dead link.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
