Английская Википедия:Claude Caroillon Destillières
Шаблон:Infobox person Claude-Xavier Caroillon-Destillières (14 July 1748 – May 1814) (or Carvillon-Destillières, Carvillon des Tillières, occasionally Carvillon d'EstillièreШаблон:Efn) was a French industrialist and speculator during the French Revolution and the subsequent First Empire, who took opportunity of the chaotic political situation to become immensely wealthy.
Bourbon monarchy
Claude-Xavier Caroillon was born on 14 July 1748.Шаблон:Sfn He was the youngest of four sons of Nicolas Caroillon (or Carvillon), Receiver General and businessman.Шаблон:Sfn The Caroillons were rich and ambitious owners of ironworks under the Bourbon monarchy, employing many workers in harsh conditions.Шаблон:Sfn The Caroillon brothers formed a company that invested in metal works in Berry and Perche, a region where the rights to operate such works belonged to Monsieur, the king's brother.Шаблон:Sfn The Carvillons were closely linked with Denis Diderot. Abel married his daughter Angélique, and Diderot was involved in their company.Шаблон:Sfn Claude Caroillon was recorded as one of those present at the funeral of Denis Diderot on 1 August 1784.Шаблон:Sfn
Claude Caroillon became receiver-general to Monsieur.Шаблон:Sfn He was counselor-secretary to the king in 1786.Шаблон:Sfn Claude Caroillon and his brothers were ennobled on the eve of the French Revolution, so-called "business aristocrats".Шаблон:Sfn The brothers were able to add the names of estates they purchased to their common surname. The eldest, Abel, became Caroillon de Vandeul, Claude-Xavier became Caroillon des Tillières, Théodore became Caroillon de Marville (or Melville), and Georges became Caroillon de la Charmotte.Шаблон:Sfn The brothers' partnership was dissolved at the start of the revolution, and Claude quarreled with his brother Abel Caroillon de Vandeul.Шаблон:Sfn
Revolution and aftermath
The revolution of 1789 created huge opportunities for Caroillon-Destillières, who became one of the great financiers of the period. He already owned the forges and furnaces of Conches, and was able to purchase the forge of the Abbey of Lyre in 1791. He also owned the forge of Ferrière in partnership with Mathard.Шаблон:Sfn In July 1790 he became the commander of three companies of the National Guard in a ceremony at the Château de Saint-Assise. The Château was owned by Sir Philip Glower, a colonel of the English army and the heir of Elizabeth Pierrepont, Duchess of Kingston-upon-Hull. In February 1791 he married Françoise-Aimée Magallon d'Amirail, daughter of a Santo Domingo planter, in the chapel of Saint-Assise. That year he purchased the château and its estate from Glower, who wanted to liquidate his French possessions due to the political uncertainty. He began selling off parts of the estate.Шаблон:Sfn
Caroillon-Destillières's position became dangerous after the uprising of 1792.Шаблон:Sfn In 1793 he was imprisoned, but with the end of the Reign of Terror after 9 Thermidor (27 July 1794) he avoided the guillotine, and some time later was released. He continued to sell off parts of the Saint-Assise estate, finally exchanging the château for another near Tournan-en-Brie in November 1795.Шаблон:Sfn The Caroillons became increasingly powerful during the transition from feudalism to capitalism that followed.Шаблон:Sfn Between 1794 and 1814 Caroillon and Jean Aubertot took control of a dozen establishments around Vierzon and in the Nièvre.Шаблон:Sfn Thus, in partnership with Jean Aubertot, Claude Caroillon owned an iron foundry at Mareuil-sur-Cher, 12 kilometers from Saint-Florent, from where the iron was shipped towards the lower Loire via the river Cher.Шаблон:Sfn
Caroillon-Destillières continued to speculate in property. In 1801 the Duchess of Brissac was destitute, owing large amounts to Destillières. She decided to sell the Château de Pontchartrain with Шаблон:Convert of land, and on 19 April 1801 Destillières acquired the property for 1,600,000 francs.Шаблон:Sfn Under the empire, Caroillon acquired the Chateau and estate of Châteauneuf-sur-Cher, with an estimated value of close to 1.5 million francs.Шаблон:Sfn Destillières bought the Château du Raincy, and on 20 October 1806 resold it to Gabriel-Julien Ouvrard for 800,000 francs, payable in letters of exchange. Ouvrard was unable to redeem the letters, and on 2 September 1807 ownership of the château apparently reverted to Destillieres. He resold Raincy to the Princess Borghèse (Pauline Bonaparte).Шаблон:Sfn This transaction was the subject of a long-running legal dispute.Шаблон:Sfn
Legacy
Caroillon-Destillières died in May 1814.Шаблон:Sfn His brother-in-law, the Count of Magallon, received a legacy worth 3,000 francs annually in his will dated 9 April 1812.Шаблон:Sfn His daughter Marie-Louise-Angélique-Aimée Carvillon Destillères (28 September 1797 – 2 August 1853) inherited his immense fortune.Шаблон:Sfn She also inherited some of the lawsuits over property.Шаблон:Sfn Since she was only seventeen, a minor, her family chose her maternal grandparents as guardians. This was again the subject of lawsuits, not resolved until 22 November 1816.Шаблон:Sfn In 1817 Marie-Louise married Charles-Eustache-Gabriel, Count and later Marquis d'Osmond (1787–1862), Lieutenant-General of Cavalry.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Notes Шаблон:Notes Citations Шаблон:Reflist Sources Шаблон:Refbegin
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
