Английская Википедия:Clerodendrum infortunatum
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Speciesbox
Clerodendrum infortunatum, known as bhat[1] or hill glory bower, is a perennial shrub belonging to the family Lamiaceae, also sometimes classified under Verbenaceae. It is the type species among ~150 species of Clerodendrum. It is one of the most well-known natural health remedies in traditional practices and siddha medicine.
The species is native to tropical regions of Asia including Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, Thailand, Malaysia, the Andaman Islands, and Sri Lanka.[2][3]
Description
Clerodendrum infortunatum is a flowering shrub or small tree, and is so named because of its rather ugly leaf. The stem is erect, Шаблон:Convert high, with no branches and produce circular leaves with Шаблон:Convert diameter. Leaves are simple, opposite; both surfaces sparsely villous-pubescent, elliptic, broadly elliptic, ovate or elongate ovate, Шаблон:Convert wide, Шаблон:Convert long, dentate, inflorescence in terminal, peduncled, few-flowered cyme; flowers white with purplish pink or dull-purple throat, pubescent. Fruit berry, globose, turned bluish-black or black when ripe, enclosed in the red accrescent fruiting-calyx. The stem is hollow and the leaves are Шаблон:Convert long, borne in whorls of four on very short petioles. The inflorescence is huge, consisting of many tubular snow white flowers in a terminal cluster up to Шаблон:Convert long. The tubes of the flowers are about Шаблон:Convert long and droop downward, and the expanded corollas are about Шаблон:Convert across.
The fruits are attractive dark metallic blue drupes, about Шаблон:Convert in diameter. Fruit usually with four dry nutlets and the seeds may be with or without endosperm. It flowers from April to August.[3]
Chemical constituents
The major compounds are sterols, sugars, flavonoids and saponins. Novel crystalline compounds such as clerodolone, Шаблон:Chem name, clerodol, and a sterol designated clerosterol have been isolated from the root. Seven sugars namely raffinose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, galactose, glucose and fructose were identified.[1] Fumaric acid, caffeic acid esters, β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol glucoside were isolated from the flowers.[4] Apigenin, acacetin and a new flavone glycoside, characterised as the methyl ester of acacetin-7-0-glucuronide are isolated from the flowers.[5] Saponin is one of the major compounds of the leaf.[6] 24 beta-ethylsterols, clerosterol and 22-dehydroclerosterol, 24-methyl-sterols (24-methylcholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, and 24-methyllathostero) and 24 beta-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol are found in the seeds.[7] Scutellarin and hispidulin-7-O-glucuronide are present in the leaf.[8] Poriferasterol and stigmasterol are the components of the aerial parts.[9]
Traditional herbal medicine
Clerodendrum infortunatum is used in Ayurvedic and Siddha traditional medicines. Fresh leaves are given for diarrhea, liver disorders, and headache.[10] The leaf and root are used as antidandruff, antipyretic, ascaricide, laxative, vermifuge, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, and for gravel, malaria, scabies, skin diseases, sores, spasm, scorpion sting, snake bite, and tumors.[11][12] In many traditional practices the leaves and root are widely used as antihyperglycemic.[13]
References
External links
- Шаблон:Wikispecies-inline
- Шаблон:Commons and category-inline
- Шаблон:GRIN
- The Linnean Collection
- Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. - VERBENACEAE
- Indian Medicinal Plants Growers' Consortium
- Cybernome
- Tropicos
- Flowers of India
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокjне указан текст - ↑ 3,0 3,1 Jayaweera DMA (982). Medicinal Plants (Indigenous and Exotic) Used in Ceylon Part V. The National Science Council of Sri Lanka, Colombo, pp. 160-161
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Duke JA (2010). Ethnobotanical uses: Clerodendrum infortunatumШаблон:Dead link. Dr. Dukes's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Database
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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