Английская Википедия:Climate of Liverpool
The climate of Liverpool features a temperate maritime variety (Köppen: Cfb), with relatively mild summers, cool winters and rainfall spread fairly evenly throughout the year. Since 1867, rainfall and temperature records for the city have been kept at Bidston Observatory, as well as atmospheric pressure records since 1846. However, the site closed down in 2002, and a weather station in Crosby has been used by the Met Office since.[1] Irregular meteorological observations have been taken in the city since at least 1768, with unbroken records extending for long periods of time. This includes observations taken at the Liverpool Dock from 1768 to 1798,[2] an unspecified location from 1772 to 1799[3] and West Derby from 1830 to 1859[4] and at other unspecified locations in the city from at least 1860 onward.[5] Continuous observations in different areas of the city have been taken since 1830. In modern times, there have also been other stations to operate in the Liverpool area, including stations at West Kirby (1912–1979), Aigburth (1967–1994), and Liverpool John Lennon Airport (1946–present).[6][7][8]
Since records began, the lowest temperature ever recorded in the Liverpool and Merseyside area is Шаблон:Convert on 21 December 2010, and the highest temperature recorded is Шаблон:Convert was on 18 July 2022, and 19 July 2022.[9] The highest daily minimum temperature is Шаблон:Convert reported on 19 July 2022, and the lowest daily maximum temperature is Шаблон:Convert on 20 December 2010.[10][11] On average, the amount of air frost days per year is below the national average, and in winter, snow is not very common, with heavy snow occurring rarely.[12] Rain is also a common occurrence in the city, but droughts have been known to cause some canal infrastructure problems in the summer, without affecting consumer consumption to any noticeable extent, the most recent drought occurring in the 2018 heat wave.[13]
Classifications
Temperature
The average yearly high temperature in Liverpool is Шаблон:Convert and the average yearly low temperature is Шаблон:Convert. The average daily mean is Шаблон:Convert.
Averages
Extremes
Due to Liverpool having an oceanic climate, extremes of temperatures are rare.[14] Furthermore, being located close to the sea, wind chill is enhanced as a result of stronger winds as well as heat indexes being higher as a result of the higher humidity found close to bodies of water.
Highest averages
| Period | Record mean | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Year | Шаблон:Convert | 1990, 1995[15] |
| Spring (March–May) | Шаблон:Convert | 1893 |
| Summer (June–August) | Шаблон:Convert | 1995 |
| Autumn (September–November) | Шаблон:Convert | 1959 |
| Winter (December–February) | Шаблон:Convert | 1988 / 1989 |
| January | Шаблон:Convert | 1916 |
| February | Шаблон:Convert | 1998 |
| March | Шаблон:Convert | 1938, 1957 |
| April | Шаблон:Convert | 2011[16] |
| May | Шаблон:Convert | 1919 |
| June | Шаблон:Convert | 1970 |
| July | Шаблон:Convert | 2006[17] |
| August | Шаблон:Convert | 1995 |
| September | Шаблон:Convert | 1895 |
| October | Шаблон:Convert | 1921 |
| November | Шаблон:Convert | 1994 |
| December | Шаблон:Convert | 2015[18] |
Lowest averages
| Period | Record mean | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Year | Шаблон:Convert | 1879[15] |
| Spring (March–May) | Шаблон:Convert | 2013[19] |
| Summer (June–August) | Шаблон:Convert | 1922 |
| Autumn (September–November) | Шаблон:Convert | 1905, 1952 |
| Winter (December–February) | Шаблон:Convert | 1962 / 1963 |
| January | Шаблон:Convert | 1881 |
| February | Шаблон:Convert | 1895 |
| March | Шаблон:Convert | 1883, 2013[19] |
| April | Шаблон:Convert | 1917 |
| May | Шаблон:Convert | 1923 |
| June | Шаблон:Convert | 1972 |
| July | Шаблон:Convert | 1954 |
| August | Шаблон:Convert | 1912 |
| September | Шаблон:Convert | 1952 |
| October | Шаблон:Convert | 1896 |
| November | Шаблон:Convert | 1915 |
| December | Шаблон:Convert | 2010[20] |
Highest daily temperatures
| Period | Record temperature | Date |
|---|---|---|
| January | Шаблон:Convert | 9 January 1971[21] |
| February | Шаблон:Convert | 26 February 2019[22] |
| March | Шаблон:Convert | 29 March 1965 |
| April | Шаблон:Convert | 17 April 2003[23] |
| May | Шаблон:Convert | 26 May 2017[24] |
| June | Шаблон:Convert | 6 June 1950 |
| July | Шаблон:Convert | 19 July 2006[25] |
| August | Шаблон:Convert | 3 August 1990 |
| September | Шаблон:Convert | 1 September 1906 |
| October | Шаблон:Convert | 1 October 2011[26] |
| November | Шаблон:Convert | 2 November 2005[27] |
| December | Шаблон:Convert | 8 December 1998 |
Lowest daily temperatures
| Period | Record temperature | Date |
|---|---|---|
| January | Шаблон:Convert | 24 January 1881[28][29] |
| February | Шаблон:Convert | 6 February 1895[29] |
| March | Шаблон:Convert | 2 March 1965[29] |
| April | Шаблон:Convert | 10 April 2003 [30] |
| May | Шаблон:Convert | 6 May 2012[31] |
| June | Шаблон:Convert | 5 June 1872[29] |
| July | Шаблон:Convert | 3 July 1877[29] |
| August | Шаблон:Convert | 30 August 2003[32] |
| September | Шаблон:Convert | 18 September 1919 22 September 2012[29][33] |
| October | Шаблон:Convert | 27 October 1895[29] |
| November | Шаблон:Convert | 29 November 2010[34] |
| December | Шаблон:Convert | 21 December 2010[11] |
Precipitation
Rainfall is fairly regular throughout the year in Liverpool, with no wet or dry season as a result of its oceanic climate.[14] All records refer to the Bidston Observatory from 1867 to 2002 and Crosby from then on.
Averages
Шаблон:Weather box Шаблон:Weather box
Extremes
Lowest
| Period | Record rainfall | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Year | Шаблон:Convert | 1991[35] |
| Spring (March–May) | Шаблон:Convert | 1883 |
| Summer (June–August) | Шаблон:Convert | 1995 |
| Autumn (September–November) | Шаблон:Convert | 1922 |
| Winter (December–February) | Шаблон:Convert | 1963/1964 |
| January | Шаблон:Convert | 1997 |
| February | Шаблон:Convert | 1932 |
| March | Шаблон:Convert | 1931 |
| April | Шаблон:Convert | 1980 |
| May | Шаблон:Convert | 2020[36] |
| June | Шаблон:Convert | 1925 |
| July | Шаблон:Convert | 1868 |
| August | Шаблон:Convert | 1976 |
| September | Шаблон:Convert | 1959 |
| October | Шаблон:Convert | 1922 |
| November | Шаблон:Convert | 1945 |
| December | Шаблон:Convert | 1936 |
Highest
| Period | Record rainfall | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Year | Шаблон:Convert | 1872 |
| Spring (March–May) | Шаблон:Convert | 1969 |
| Summer (June–August) | Шаблон:Convert | 1956 |
| Autumn (September–November) | Шаблон:Convert | 1872 |
| Winter (December–February) | Шаблон:Convert | 1993/1994 [35] |
| January | Шаблон:Convert | 1948 |
| February | Шаблон:Convert | 2020[37] |
| March | Шаблон:Convert | 1998 |
| April | Шаблон:Convert | 1998 |
| May | Шаблон:Convert | 1969 |
| June | Шаблон:Convert | 2007 |
| July | Шаблон:Convert | 1872 |
| August | Шаблон:Convert | 1956 |
| September | Шаблон:Convert | 1976 |
| October | Шаблон:Convert | 1903 |
| November | Шаблон:Convert | 1951 |
| December | Шаблон:Convert | 2015[38] |
Sunshine
Records of sunshine were kept at Bidston from 1908 to 2002. The station at Crosby does not report sunshine data. The closest station that does so now is Hawarden, Flintshire, Шаблон:Convert away.[39] Шаблон:Weather box
Extremes
Highest
| Period | Record | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Year | 1883.0 hours | 1995[40] |
| Spring (March–May) | 631.7 hours | 1909 |
| Summer (June–August) | 777.5 hours | 1995 |
| Autumn (September–November) | 380.8 hours | 1975 |
| Winter (December–February) | 246.3 hours | 1909–10 |
| January | 88.1 hours | 1910 |
| February | 109.3 hours | 1949Шаблон:Efn |
| March | 179.9 hours | 1929 |
| April | 227.8 hours | 1909 |
| May | 305.6 hours | 1989 |
| June | 298.8 hours | 1960 |
| July | 298.8 hours | 1955 |
| August | 273.3 hours | 1995 |
| September | 176.2 hours | 1986 |
| October | 136.6 hours | 1995 |
| November | 91.7 hours | 1975 |
| December | 72.0 hours | 1960Шаблон:Efn |
Lowest
| Period | Record | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Year | 1250.9 hours | 1912 |
| Spring (March–May) | 342.3 hours | 1983 |
| Summer (June–August) | 390.0 hours | 1912 and 1978 |
| Autumn (September–November) | 219.9 hours | 1936 |
| Winter (December–February) | 94.6 hours | 1943–44 |
| January | 18.1 hours | 1950 |
| February | 24.8 hours | 1940 |
| March | 53.7 hours | 1942 |
| April | 77.3 hours | 1920 |
| May | 121.5 hours | 1932 |
| June | 111.3 hours | 1987 |
| July | 105.1 hours | 1944 |
| August | 100.7 hours | 1912 |
| September | 81.1 hours | 1976 |
| October | 56.0 hours | 1915 |
| November | 26.9 hours | 1951 |
| December | 16.5 hours | 1927 |
Wind
The mean yearly wind speed at 10m in Liverpool is Шаблон:Convert.[41]
Averages
| Period | Mean wind speed at 10m |
|---|---|
| Annual | Шаблон:Convert |
| January | Шаблон:Convert |
| February | Шаблон:Convert |
| March | Шаблон:Convert |
| April | Шаблон:Convert |
| May | Шаблон:Convert |
| June | Шаблон:Convert |
| July | Шаблон:Convert |
| August | Шаблон:Convert |
| September | Шаблон:Convert |
| October | Шаблон:Convert |
| November | Шаблон:Convert |
| December | Шаблон:Convert |
Daily Extremes
Highest wind gusts reported in each month of the year.
| Period | Maximum Gusts | Date |
|---|---|---|
| January | Шаблон:Convert[42] | 29 January 1938 |
| February | Шаблон:Convert | 26 February 1990 |
| March | Шаблон:Convert | 27 March 1966 |
| April | Шаблон:Convert | 23 April 1947 |
| May | Шаблон:Convert | 22 May 1966 |
| June | Шаблон:Convert | 5 June 1946 |
| July | Шаблон:Convert | 30 July 1946 |
| August | Шаблон:Convert | 20 August 1934 25 August 1957 |
| September | Шаблон:Convert | 20 September 1981 |
| October | Шаблон:Convert | 4 October 1938 |
| November | Шаблон:Convert | 6 November 1952 |
| December | Шаблон:Convert | 6 December 1940 |
Monthly Extremes
Average monthly windspeed
| Period | Highest mean windspeed | Year | Lowest mean windspeed | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | Шаблон:Convert[43] | 2007 | Шаблон:Convert[44] | 1992 |
| February | Шаблон:Convert[45] | 2020 | Шаблон:Convert | 2001 |
| March | Шаблон:Convert | 1967 | Шаблон:Convert | 2001 |
| April | Шаблон:Convert | 1942 | Шаблон:Convert | 1952/1981 |
| May | Шаблон:Convert[46] | 2015 | Шаблон:Convert | 1952/2001 |
| June | Шаблон:Convert | 1938/1956 | Шаблон:Convert | 1988 |
| July | Шаблон:Convert | 1953 | Шаблон:Convert | 2001 |
| August | Шаблон:Convert[47] | 2014 | Шаблон:Convert | 1945/2001 |
| September | Шаблон:Convert[48] | 2012 | Шаблон:Convert | 1959 |
| October | Шаблон:Convert | 2017[49] | Шаблон:Convert | 1945 |
| November | Шаблон:Convert | 2015[50] | Шаблон:Convert | 1945 |
| December | Шаблон:Convert[51] | 2011 | Шаблон:Convert | 1989 |
| Year | Шаблон:Convert[52] | 2011 | Шаблон:Convert | 2001 |
Climatic data
Notes
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web.
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 29,0 29,1 29,2 29,3 29,4 29,5 29,6 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 35,0 35,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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