Английская Википедия:Clitomachus (philosopher)
Шаблон:Infobox philosopher Clitomachus or Cleitomachus (Шаблон:Lang-grc-gre, Kleitómakhos; 187/6–110/9Шаблон:NbspBCШаблон:Sfn) was a Greek philosopher, originally from Carthage,[1] who came to Athens in 163/2Шаблон:NbspBCШаблон:Efn and studied philosophy under Carneades. He became head of the Academy around 127/6Шаблон:NbspBC. He was an Academic skeptic like his master. Nothing survives of his writings, which were dedicated to making known the views of Carneades, but Cicero made use of them for some of his works.
Life
Clitomachus was born in Carthage in 187/6Шаблон:NbspBC as Hasdrubal (Шаблон:Lang-grc-gre, Hasdroúbas; Шаблон:Lang-xpu,Шаблон:Sfnp ʿAzrubaʿal, "Help of Baal"). He came to Athens in 163/2 BC, when he was about 24 years old.Шаблон:Sfn There he became connected with the founder of the New Academy, the philosopher Carneades, under whose guidance he rose to be one of the most distinguished disciples of this school; but he also studied at the same time the philosophy of the Stoics and Peripatetics. In 127/6 BC, two years after the death of Carneades, he became the effective head (scholarch) of the Academy.[2] He continued to teach at Athens till as late as 111 BC, as Crassus heard him in that year.[3] He died in 110/09 BC, and was succeeded as scholarch by Philo of Larissa.
Writings
Of his works, which amounted to 400 books,Шаблон:Sfn only a few titles are preserved. His main object in writing them was to make known the philosophy of his master Carneades, from whose views he never dissented. Clitomachus continued to reside at Athens till the end of his life; but he continued to cherish a strong affection for his native country, and when Carthage was captured and destroyed in 146 BC, he wrote a work to console his unfortunate countrymen.[2] This work, which Cicero says he had read, was taken from a discourse of Carneades, and was intended to exhibit the consolation which philosophy supplies even under the greatest calamities.[4] His work was highly regarded by Cicero,[5] who based parts of his De Natura Deorum, De Divinatione and De Fato on a work of Clitomachus he names as On the Withholding of Assent (Шаблон:Lang-la).[6]
Clitomachus probably treated the history of philosophy in his work on the philosophical sects: On the Schools of Thought (Шаблон:Lang-el).Шаблон:Sfn
Two of Clitomachus' works are known to have been dedicated to prominent Romans, the poet Gaius Lucilius and the one-time consul Lucius Marcius Censorinus,[7] suggesting that his work was known and appreciated in Rome.
Notes
References
Citations
Bibliography
Шаблон:Platonists Шаблон:Skepticism
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite EB1911
- ↑ Cicero, de Oratore, i. 11.
- ↑ Cicero, Tusculanae Quaestione, iii. 22.
- ↑ Cicero, Academica, ii. 6, 31.
- ↑ Cicero, Academica, ii. 31.
- ↑ Cicero, Academica, ii. 32.
- Английская Википедия
- 180s BC births
- 110s BC deaths
- 2nd-century BC Greek philosophers
- Carthaginians
- Hellenistic-era philosophers from Africa
- Hellenistic-era philosophers in Athens
- 2nd-century BC Punic people
- Academic skeptics
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