Английская Википедия:Coat of arms of Queensland

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The coat of arms of Queensland is one of the formal symbols of the State of Queensland and represents the King's constitutional authority throughout the state. It is the oldest of the state arms of Australia, having been granted in 1893 by Queen Victoria, through the simplest heraldic grants of only the shield of arms, motto, helmet, mantling and crest. In 1977, the red deer and the brolga were assigned as supporters by Queen Elizabeth II during her Silver Jubilee.

Suggestions and submissions

The original coat of arms were designed by Sir Albert Woods, Garter King of Arms (head) of the Heralds College. He created four different designs (produced below) which were sent to the Chief Secretary and Premier of Queensland, Sir Samuel Griffith who selected the design that Woods favoured. In order to ensure secrecy, the choice of arms was communicated by telegraph to London using the respective code words, "Halfpay", "Halfprice", "Iceblink" and "Icebound".

• Proposed design "A" (Halfpay)

  Proposed design "A" (Halfpay)

• Proposed and ultimately selected design "B" (Halfprice)

  Proposed and ultimately selected design "B" (Halfprice)

• Proposed design "C" (Iceblink)

  Proposed design "C" (Iceblink)

• Proposed design "D" (Icebound)

  Proposed design "D" (Icebound)

Heraldic description

Файл:Ammorial Ensign of Queensland - Coat of Arms 1893.jpg

Coat of Arms of Queensland, 1893

The blazon of the coat of arms is:

Modernised, this means:

Development and change

The development of the coat of arms continued during the year and by the end of 1893, the Maltese Cross impaled with a crown had been incorporated, above the shield in between the two stalks of sugar cane.

In 1902 the heraldic depiction of the British Imperial Crown was standardised to the (symbolic) Tudor Crown. Following 1963, this was switched to a depiction of St Edward's Crown.

The final and current addition to the coat of arms was created in 1977, the Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II, with the granting of the red deer and brolga as supporting animals. The deer represents the old world and it is a classic animal of heraldry while the brolga represents the native population and is also the state's official bird.

Industrial influence

The symbols on the shield are representations of Queensland's most abundant industries. The wheat industry's origins belong with the first settlers in 1788, as the farms were worked by the convicts brought over from England, an idea of Governor Phillip. During the years till 1795, the wheat industry slowly gained popularity and by the late 19th century was a strong force in the agricultural industry of the state. The sugar industry became established by 1868 in Mackay which was a mere four years after the first commercial sugar mill was opened in Cleveland, south of Brisbane. Sugar and Coffee regulations were brought in by Parliament later that year as the industry spread rapidly and with the creation of the Mackay Central Sugar Mill Manufacturing Company ten years later in 1878, the sugar industry had reached its colonial peak.

The sheep industry had been in existence since the early 1820s within Australia and by the early 1880s the geographical expansion of this industry had hit Queensland in which major wool auctions were held throughout the state. The mining industry began with the discovery of copper on 20 May 1867 by Ernest Henry in Cloncurry and the industry climbed with the Gold Rush which occurred on 3 September 1873 when gold was discovered in Georgetown. The beef industry was quite prevalent by the late 1880s and by 1890, Queensland had exported Australia's first major export overseas which consisted of 1500 tons and by the 20th century that number had exploded to 43000 tons.

Supporting animals

The brolga is one of Australia's two native crane species and the only one solely found in Australia. They stand 1 m tall with a wing-span of up to 2.4 m. They are generally grey and are known for their distinctive energetic mating dance as well as their loud trumpeting "garooo" call. They are mostly found along the coast from Rockhampton to the Gulf of Carpentaria and subsequently became the official bird emblem of Queensland in January 1986.

The red deer is a traditional beast of heraldry and was introduced into Queensland from the royal herds near London. Despite their position on the coat of arms, deer are a declared feral pest in Queensland with it being illegal to distribute, trade, release into the environment, move or feed any deer under the Biosecurity Act 2014.

Maltese Cross

The Maltese cross has a stranger history than the rest of the elements upon the arms. Not even the Queensland government is aware of why the Maltese Cross was chosen for the coat of arms, as described in the letter below which resides in the Queensland State Archives.

Gallery

Below is a visual evolution of Queensland's coat of arms.

• Queensland's official coat of arms at the beginning of 1893.

  Queensland's official coat of arms at the beginning of 1893.

• Queensland's official coat of arms from the end of 1893 to 1902, and again from 1953 to 1977.

  Queensland's official coat of arms from the end of 1893 to 1902, and again from 1953 to 1977.

• Queensland's official coat of arms from 1902 to 1963.

  Queensland's official coat of arms from 1902 to 1963.

• Queensland's official coat of arms since 1977.

  Queensland's official coat of arms since 1977.