Английская Википедия:Coca (pastry)

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Файл:Coca de sant joan.jpg
"Coca de Sant Joan", sweet coca with candied fruits and pine nuts, typical of Catalan summer solstice celebration
Файл:Coca de crema a Les.jpg
"Coca de crema", coca with Catalan cream, an example of sweet coca
Файл:Coca de mullador.jpg
"Coca de mullador", a valencian variety of coca with samfaina, a dish similar to ratatouille, an example of the savoury coca

The coca (Шаблон:IPA-ca) Coc or Fogassa is a pastry typically made and consumed in Catalonia,[1][2] the Aragonese Strip,[1][3] most of Valencia,[1] the Balearic Islands,[1] Andorra[4][1] and in French Catalonia.[1]

All around the Mediterranean there are similar typical dishes.[5]

Etymology

The word coca—plural coques—comes from Dutch during the Carolingian Empire, and shares the same roots as the English "cake" and the German "Kuchen".[6]Шаблон:Citation needed

Similarities

There are many diverse cocas, with four main varieties: sweet, savoury, closed and open. All of them use dough as the main ingredient, which is then decorated. This dough can be sweet or savoury. If it is sweet, eggs and sugar are added, and if it is savoury, yeast and salt. As regards the topping or filling, fish and vegetables are usual at the coast whilst inland they prefer fruit, nuts, cheese and meat.[7] Some cocas can be both sweet and savoury (typically mixing meat and fruit).

Types of coca

Coca is almost any kind of bread-based product. Its size can vary from 5 cm up to 1 metre. There are various presentations:

  • Sweet or savory, depending on the ingredients and condiments. A coca with no filling is called coca nua
  • Open or covered.
    • The covered coca is a coca with its filling on the inside. It can be both sweet and salty.
    • The open coca is the typical coca with its content on top. Most cocas are like this.

Varieties

Amongst the list of varieties, the most common are:

  • Шаблон:Lang, a savoury coca with a variety of different ingredients, usually including sausage and vegetables, available generally.
  • Шаблон:Lang also Tortell or Roscó. Similar to the Coca de Sant Joan but with a hole and filled with marzipan on the inside. It is habitual in all of Spain and France and is eaten on 6 January for Dia de Reis (Kings’ day). Traditionally, a king and a faba bean is put inside, the one who gets the king, gets to have the cardboard crown, while the one who gets the bean, pays for the next one.
  • Шаблон:Lang, from Mallorca and the Balearics.
  • Шаблон:Lang, a sweet coca most typical of Catalonia, eaten on Шаблон:Lang, Saint John's Eve.
  • Шаблон:Lang, from the area around Valencia.
  • Шаблон:Lang, often called Шаблон:Lang, bearing bacon and other meat products, typical of any mountainous area.

The Other varieties are:

Savory

Sweet

Festivities

"Cocas are (...) strongly linked with our country's traditions."[8] The coca is a dish common to rich and poor[9] and a basic part of Catalan cuisine.

In Catalonia, the coca has a direct relationship with the Шаблон:Lang or holiday.[10] It is typical to buy or prepare cocas during holidays, especially during Easter (Шаблон:Lang), Christmas (Шаблон:Lang) and Saint John's Eve (Шаблон:Lang). Some cocas even have the names of saints and they are eaten on that saint's day (such as the Saint John's Coca, Шаблон:Lang). Nonetheless, many eat them without any religious or festive reason, and especially in places like Italy, this dish need not carry any special significance. The Шаблон:Lang obeys this logic exactly, since the Шаблон:Lang is a kind of picnic habitually taken out into the fields.

Similar recipes along the Mediterranean

Coca, being the Catalan variety of a Mediterranean dish, has local counterparts all over the Mediterranean, especially in its savoury kind. Apart from Italy,[11] other countries also have similar cakes, pies and pastries. Four examples are the Algerian coca which is a variety of the Catalan coca, often presented as a closed square pizza filled with onions, red peppers, tomatoes, and spices, or shaped like empanadas which are from the same family as cocas; Pissaladière from Provence; the Lahmacun from Turkey and the Шаблон:Lang from France, Belgium and Luxembourg, where it is one of the national dishes.[12] Similarly, sweet pies can be found all over Europe. The more specific King's cake (in Catalan, Шаблон:Lang) is traditional in Occitania as well as in territories of Catalan culture as a part of the New Year holidays.

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Pastries

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 Eliana Thibaut i Comalada, Les Coques Catalanes, Proa, Barcelona 1995.
  2. ↑ Coca de recapte
  3. ↑ Coca d'albercoc
  4. ↑ Coca massegada Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang
  5. ↑ Source: Eliana Thibaut i Comalada, Les Coques Catalanes, Proa, Barcelona 1995.
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Source: Eliana Thibaut i Comalada, pp20 Les Coques Catalanes, Proa, Barcelona 1995.
  8. ↑ Source: Eliana Thibaut i Comalada, pp17 Les Coques Catalanes, Proa, Barcelona 1995.
  9. ↑ "This is not a dish for the nobility, but rather one linked to popular traditions..." Source: Eliana Thibaut i Comalada, pp 17 Les Coques Catalanes, Proa, Barcelona 1995.
  10. ↑ "...we can assert that the coca is truly an example of popular cuisine associated with religious ritual..." Source: Eliana Thibaut i Comalada, pp19 Les Coques Catalanes, Proa, Barcelona 1995.
  11. ↑ "In Italy, (...) we have seen these cocas in bakeries and pizzerias, exactly the same as their valencian counterparts." Source: Martí Dominguez, Els Nostres Menjars (1978), quoted by Eliana Thibaut i Comalada, Les Coques Catalanes, Proa, Barcelona 1995.
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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