Английская Википедия:Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus

The Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (Paris, National Library of France, Greek 9) designated by the siglum C or 04 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 3 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a manuscript of the Greek Bible,^[1] written on parchment. It contains most of the New Testament and some Old Testament books, with sizeable portions missing. It is one of the four great uncials (these being manuscripts which originally contained the whole of both the Old and New Testaments). The manuscript is not intact: its current condition contains material from every New Testament book except 2 Thessalonians and 2 John; however, only six books of the Greek Old Testament are represented. It is not known whether 2 Thessalonians and 2 John were excluded on purpose, or whether no fragment of either epistle happened to survive.^[2]

The manuscript is a palimpsest, with the pages being washed of their original text, and reused in the 12th century for the Greek translations of 38 treatises composed by Ephrem the Syrian, from whence it gets its name Ephraemi Rescriptus.Шаблон:R

The lower text of the palimpsest was deciphered by biblical scholar and palaeographer Constantin von Tischendorf in 1840–1843, and was edited by him in 1843–1845.

Description

The manuscript is a codex (the forerunner to the modern book), written on parchment, measuring 12¼ x 9 in (31.4-32.5 x 25.6-26.4 cm).Шаблон:R It has 209 leaves extant, of which 145 belong to the New Testament and 64 to the Old Testament. The letters are medium-sized uncials, in a single column per page, 40–46 lines per page.Шаблон:R The text is written continuously, with no division of words (known as Scriptio continua), with the punctuation consisting of only a single point, as in codices Alexandrinus and Vaticanus. The beginning sections have larger letters which stand out in the margin (similar to those in codices Codex Alexandrinus and Codex Basilensis). Iota (Шаблон:Lang) and upsilon (Шаблон:Lang) have a small straight line over them, which serves as a form of diaeresis.^[3]Шаблон:Rp The breathings (utilised to designate vowel emphasis) and accents (used to indicate voiced pitch changes) were added by a later hand.^[4]Шаблон:Rp The nomina sacra (special names/words considered sacred in Christianity - usually the first and last letters of the name/word in question are written, followed by an overline; sometimes other letters from within the word are used as well) tend to be contracted into three-letter forms rather than the more common two-letter forms.Шаблон:R Шаблон:Rp

A list of chapters (known as Шаблон:Lang / kephalaia) is preserved before the Gospel of Luke and the Gospel of John. One may deduce from this that the manuscript originally contained chapter lists for the Gospel of Matthew and Gospel of Mark too. The chapter titles (known as Шаблон:Lang / titloi) were apparently not placed in the upper margin of the page;Шаблон:R Шаблон:Rp however it is possible the upper margins once contained the titles in red ink, which has since completely faded away; another possibility is the upper portions of the pages have been over-trimmed. The text of the Gospels is accompanied by marginal notations indicating the Eusebian canons (an early system of dividing the four Gospels into different sections, developed by early Christian writer Eusebius of Caesarea), albeit the numerals for the Eusebian Canons were likely written in red ink, which unfortunately have completely vanished. There are no systematic divisions in the other books.Шаблон:R

The Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53–8:11) was likely missing from the original codex. The two leaves which contain John 7:3–8:34 are not extant, however by counting the lines and calculating how much space would be required to include John 7:53-8:11 (presuming there’s no other large omission), it can be demonstrated they did not contain sufficient space to include the passage.^[5]Шаблон:Rp The text of Mark 16:9–20 is included on folio 148r.

It is difficult to determine whether Luke 22:43–44 (Christ's agony at Gethsemane) was in the original codex; unfortunately the leaves containing the surrounding verses are not extant.Шаблон:R Шаблон:Rp Шаблон:Bibleref is not included.Шаблон:R Шаблон:Rp

Missing Chapters/Verses

Gospel of Matthew: 1:1–2; 5:15–7:5; 17:26–18:28; 22:21–23:17; 24:10–45; 25:30–26:22; 27:11–46; 28:15-fin.;
Gospel of Mark: 1:1–17; 6:32–8:5; 12:30–13:19;
Gospel of Luke: 1:1–2; 2:5–42; 3:21–4:25; 6:4–36; 7:17–8:28; 12:4–19:42; 20:28–21:20; 22:19–23:25; 24:7–45
Gospel of John: 1:1–3; 1:41–3:33; 5:17–6:38; 7:3–8:34; 9:11–11:7; 11:47–13:7; 14:8–16:21; 18:36–20:25;
Acts of the Apostles: 1:1–2; 4:3–5:34; 6:8; 10:43–13:1; 16:37–20:10; 21:31–22:20; 23:18–24:15; 26:19–27:16; 28:5-fin.;
Epistle to the Romans: 1:1–3; 2:5–3:21; 9:6–10:15; 11:31–13:10;
First Epistle to the Corinthians: 1:1–2; 7:18–9:6; 13:8–15:40;
Second Epistle to the Corinthians: 1:1–2; 10:8-fin.
Epistle to the Galatians: 1:1–20
Epistle to the Ephesians: 1:1–2:18; 4:17-fin.
Epistle to the Philippians: 1:1–22; 3:5-fin.
Epistle to the Colossians: 1:1–2;
First Epistle to the Thessalonians: 1:1; 2:9-fin.;
Second Epistle to the Thessalonians entirelyШаблон:R
First Epistle to Timothy: 1:1–3:9; 5:20-fin.;
Second Epistle to Timothy: 1:1–2;
Epistle to Titus: 1:1–2
Epistle to Philemon: 1–2
Epistle to the Hebrews: 1:1–2:4; 7:26–9:15; 10:24–12:15;
Epistle of James: 1:1–2; 4:2-fin.
First Epistle of Peter: 1:1–2; 4:5-fin.;
Second Epistle of Peter: 1:1;
First Epistle of John: 1:1–2; 4:3-fin.
Second Epistle of John entirely;Шаблон:R
Third Epistle of John: 1–2;
Epistle of Jude: 1–2;
Book of Revelation: 1:1–2; 3:20–5:14; 7:14–17; 8:5–9:16; 10:10–11:3; 16:13–18:2; 19:5-fin.^[6]Шаблон:Rp

In the Old Testament, parts of the Book of Job, the Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Wisdom, and Sirach survive.^[7]

Text

Файл:Codex Ephraemi Mt 1,1-18.JPG

Matthew 1:2–18 in Tischendorf's facsimile edition

The New Testament text of the codex has been considered primarily as a representative of the Alexandrian text-type, although this affiliation varies from book to book. The text-types are groups of different New Testament manuscripts which share specific or generally related readings, which then differ from each other group, and thus the conflicting readings can separate out the groups. These are then used to determine the original text as published; there are three main groups with names: Alexandrian, Western, and Byzantine.Шаблон:R Шаблон:Rp It has a Byzantine affiliation in Matthew, a weak Alexandrian connection in Mark, and is considered an Alexandrian witness in John. In Luke its textual character is unclear.^[8] Textual critics Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton J.A. Hort classified it as a mixed text;^[9] Hermann von Soden classified it as an Alexandrian witness.Шаблон:R

According to textual critic Kurt Aland, it agrees with the Byzantine text-type 87 times in the Gospels, 13 times in Acts, 29 times in Paul, and 16 times in the Catholic epistles. It agrees with the Nestle-Aland text 66 times (Gospels), 38 (Acts), 104 (Paul), and 41 (Cath.). It has 50 independent or distinctive readings in the Gospels, 11 in Acts, 17 in Paul, and 14 in the Catholic epistles. Aland placed the text of the codex in Category II of his New Testament manuscript text classification system.Шаблон:R Category II manuscripts are described as being manuscripts "of a special quality, i.e., manuscripts with a considerable proportion of the early text, but which are marked by alien influences. These influences are usually of smoother, improved readings, and in later periods by infiltration by the Byzantine text."Шаблон:R Шаблон:Rp According to the Claremont Profile Method (a specific analysis method of textual data), its text is mixed in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20.^[10]

In the Book of Revelation, the codex is a witness to the same form of text as seen in 02 and Шаблон:Papyrus link.^[11]

The manuscript is cited in all critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3,Шаблон:R Шаблон:Rp UBS4,^[12] NA26,Шаблон:R Шаблон:Rp NA27Шаблон:R). In NA27 it belongs to the witnesses consistently cited of the first order.^[13] The readings of the codex correctors (C¹, C², and C³) are regularly cited in critical editions.Шаблон:R Шаблон:Rp

Notable readings

Below are some readings of the manuscript which agree or disagree with variant readings in other Greek manuscripts, or with varying ancient translations of the New Testament. See the main article Textual variants in the New Testament.

Interpolations

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Английская Википедия:Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus

Description

Text

Notable readings

History

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

Навигация

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