Английская Википедия:Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church

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Файл:Marble Church NYC.jpg

Marble Collegiate Church, on Fifth Avenue at 29th Street

The Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church is a Dutch Reformed congregation in Manhattan, New York City, which has had a variety of church buildings and now exists in the form of four component bodies: the Marble, Middle, West End and Fort Washington Collegiate Church, all part of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Churches of New York. The original congregation was established in 1628.

History

First church

Peter Minuit "had Kryn Frederick, the Company's engineer, build a solid fort ... called Fort Amsterdam. It was surrounded by cedar palisades, and was large enough to shelter all the people of the little colony in case of danger. Inside this fort there was a house for the Governor, and outside the walls was a warehouse for furs, and a mill which was run by horse-power, with a large room on the second floor to be used as a church."

1633 church

The congregation's first church building, built on what is now Pearl Street in New York City facing the East River, to replace services held in lofts, was a simple timber structure with a gambrel roof and no spire. The lofts described probably indicate the premises provided by Kryn Frederick.

Other sources claim a "second church" was built was located just outside the fort. In those sources, this claimed as the church that Governor Van Twiller built, which was described as "little better than a barn". This is probably describing the Pearl Street premises of 1633. "By this time negro slaves were being brought to the colony from Africa. They did the household work, while the colonists cultivated the fields. These slaves did most of the work on a new wooden church which was set up just outside the fort, for the new minister."

By 1638, when Willem Kieft became director, "The fort was almost in ruins from neglect. The church was in little better condition. The mills were so out of repair that even if the wind could have reached them they could not have been made to do their work properly."

c.1643 church

The second church was located within Fort Amsterdam's walls. The stone church had a spire with weathercock, and was the tallest structure in the city. After the fall of New Amsterdam to the British, the structure was reused as a military garrison church for the Anglican faith.

This church was the site where the Rev. Everardus Bogardus denounced Director-General of New Netherland Willem Kieft's administration during Kieft's War – which was probably the reason the church was moved into the fort in the first place – and where the banished shipwreck survivor Cornelis Melyn returned and caused a writ from the States General to be presented to Petrus Stuyvesant on March 8, 1649. As Burton describes the confrontation:

Файл:The old Sugar House & Middle Dutch Church, Liberty St. N.Y. in 1830 by George Hayward in 1858..jpg

The 1731 Middle Dutch Church as it appeared in 1830

1693 Garden Street Church

The Garden Street Church, located on what is now Exchange Place, was built to replace the garrison church after its appropriation by the British. The congregation was granted a full charter as the Dutch Church in America by King William III of England on May 19, 1696.

1731 Middle Collegiate Church

The original Middle Collegiate Church was on Nassau Street near Cedar Street, and was built in 1731. During the Revolutionary War, it was occupied by the British, who used it at various times as a prison, a hospital and a riding school. It reverted to being a church after the war.Шаблон:Sfn From 1844 to 1875, the building was the city's main Post Office. It was torn down in 1882.

1769 North Church

In 1769, to serve the needs of a growing congregation, the North Church was established.

Файл:Middle Collegiate Church NYC.jpg

The New Middle Collegiate Church, on Second Avenue in the East Village

Файл:West End Collegiate Church 77 jeh.JPG

West End Collegiate Church, at West End Avenue and West 77th Street

Файл:Fort Wash Collegiate Ch jeh.JPG

The Fort Washington Collegiate Church at 470 Fort Washington Avenue and West 181st Street

Файл:Fort Washington Collegiate Church Parish Hall 07.jpg

Fort Washington Collegiate Church Parish Hall 2022 renovation

1839 Second Middle Collegiate Church, or Middle Dutch Church

The Middle Dutch Church or Middle Collegiate Church, which was built from 1836–1839, was located on Lafayette Place, now Lafayette Street, near La Grange Terrace. It was built as the second Collegiate Church congregation continued to move uptown with the population. Nathan Silver in Lost New York describes this structure as "a single-mindedly classic Greek Revival church by Isaiah Rogers, perhaps his best work." This church was abandoned in 1887 and is no longer existent. Its bell was relocated to the Collegiate Church of St. Nicholas, and then went to the New Middle Collegiate Church when St. Nicholas was demolished.Шаблон:Sfn

1854 Marble Collegiate Church

Шаблон:Main The Marble Collegiate Church was built in 1854 at the corner of Fifth Avenue and West 29th Street. Originally called the Fifth Avenue Collegiate Church and sometimes referred to as the 29th Street Church, the church received the name "Marble" in 1906, after its facade made of Tuckahoe marble.Шаблон:Sfn The pastor for many years was Norman Vincent Peale, well known for his book The Power of Positive Thinking.

1872 St. Nicholas Collegiate Church

Шаблон:Main The St. Nicholas Collegiate Church at 600 Fifth Avenue at 48th Street was built in 1869-72, designed by W. Wheeler Smith in the Gothic Revival style, which critic Montgomery Schuyler called "Gothic gone roaring mad". Before being named after St. Nicholas, it was known as the Fifth Avenue Church and the Forty-Eighth Street Church. The church was demolished in 1949.Шаблон:Sfn

1891 New Middle Collegiate Church

Шаблон:Main The New Middle Collegiate Church, built in 1891-92 and designed by S.B. Reed,Шаблон:Sfn is located on Second Avenue between 6th and 7th Streets. When initially built, the church had reading-rooms and a gymnasium. The sanctuary's stained-glass windows were of Tiffany glass. It is located within the East Village/Lower East Side Historic District, created in October 2012. It housed the New York Liberty Bell. A fire in December 2020 significantly damaged the facility.

1892 West End Collegiate Church

Шаблон:Main The West End Collegiate Church, located at the northeast corner of West End Avenue and West 77th Street was built 1891-92, to the design of Robert W. Gibson.

1909 Fort Washington Collegiate ChurchШаблон:Anchor

The Fort Washington Collegiate Church at 470 Fort Washington Avenue began as an outreach of the West End Collegiate Church. The church was built in 1908-09 and was designed by the firm of Nelson & Van Wagenen in the Country Gothic style. In 1916, it became a full member of the Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, along with the Marble, Middle and West End Collegiate Churches. It incorporates the congregation of the Hamilton Grange Reformed Church and former members of the Harlem Reformed Dutch Church.Шаблон:Sfn

References

Notes Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography Шаблон:Sfn whitelist

• Шаблон:Cite fromatoz

Шаблон:Buildings in New York City timeline Шаблон:Authority control