Английская Википедия:Colorado Party (Paraguay)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:For Шаблон:Multiple issues Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox political party The National Republican Association – Colorado Party (Spanish: Asociación Nacional Republicana – Partido Colorado, ANR-PC, lit. 'Red Party') is a conservative political party in Paraguay, founded on 11 September 1887 by Bernardino Caballero. Since 1947, the colorados, as they are known, has been dominant in Paraguayan politics (ruling as the only legal party between 1947 and 1962) and has controlled the presidency since 1948 –notwithstanding a brief interruption between 2008 and 2013– as well as having a majority in both chambers of Congress and departament governorships.
With 2.6 million members as of 2022 (although there are allegations of numerous false affiliations made by the party),[1] it is the largest political party in the country, usually ruling without the necessity of electoral alliances.
History
1887–1989
The party, though founded only in 1887 as an answer to the foundation of the Liberal Party in that same year, already informally existed from the late 1870s onward, as a political group centered around Bernardino Caballero, Cándido Bareiro and José Segundo Decoud.
It formally ruled the country from its foundation until 1904, when it was overthrown in the Revolution of 1904. It rejoined the government only in 1946, together with the Febreristas, during Higinio Moríñigo's rule as President of Paraguay.
The Colorado Party became the dominant political force in the country following the conclusion of the 1947 civil war. During this time, the party operated multiple paramilitary wings. From 1947 until 1962, the Colorado Party ruled Paraguay as a one-party state; all other political parties were illegal.[2] In 1962, all national parties were nominally legalized; the Communist Party being deemed "international" remained illegal and its adherents repressed by the Paraguayan state. During the rule of Alfredo Stroessner all members of the armed forces and government employees were required to be members of the Colorado Party. Dissident groups within the party were purged, and two (Movimiento Popular Colorado and Asociación Nacional Republicana en el Exilio y la Resistencia) acted as opposition groups in exile until the 1980s. In 1987, there was a rift in the party between a hardliner faction supportive of Stroessner and a traditionalist faction.[3] This rift was primarily over the issue of Stroessner's succession and was a large contributor to the 1989 coup d'état led by General Andrés Rodríguez, himself a traditionalist.[4]
In practice, however, Paraguay remained a one-party military dictatorship until Stroessner's overthrow in 1989. It served as one of the "twin pillars" of Stroessner's 35-year rule, one of the longest in history by a non-royal leader.[5]
Since 1989
In 2002, the National Union of Ethical Citizens split from the party.
At the legislative elections of 27 April 2003, the party won 35.3% of the popular vote (37 out of 80 seats) in the Chamber of Deputies of Paraguay and 32.9% (16 out of 45 seats) in the Senate. Its candidate at the presidential elections on the same day, Nicanor Duarte, won 37.1% of the popular vote and was elected President of Paraguay.
Originally, the Colorado Party was conservative, representing those opposed to the Liberal Party.
On 20 April 2008, for the first time in 61 years, the Colorado Party lost the presidential elections to an opposition candidate from the center-left, Fernando Lugo, a Roman Catholic bishop, a first on both accounts (free election of an opposition candidate and of a bishop to the office of president in Paraguay). The Colorado Party was represented in these elections by Blanca Ovelar, the first woman to run for the presidency. Fernando Lugo, who had renounced the cloth before the elections so that he could become eligible under Paraguayan law, was formally released from his vows by the Vatican before his installation as president on 15 August 2008.
According to Antonio Soljancic, a social scientist at the Autonomous University of Asunción, "in order to get a job, you had to show you were a party member. The problem Paraguay has is that, although Stroessner disappeared from the political map, he left a legacy that no one has tried to bury".[6]
Electoral history
Presidential elections
Note: From 1947 until 1962, the Colorado Party was the sole legal party. Free and fair elections did not take place until 1993.
| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1953 | Federico Chávez | 224,788 | 100% | Elected (sole legal party) Шаблон:Y |
| 1954 | Alfredo Stroessner | 236,191 | 100% | Elected (sole legal party) Шаблон:Y |
| 1958 | 295,414 | 100% | Elected (sole legal party) Шаблон:Y | |
| 1963 | 569,551 | 92.3% | Elected Шаблон:Y | |
| 1968 | 465,535 | 71.6% | Elected Шаблон:Y | |
| 1973 | 681,306 | 84.7% | Elected Шаблон:Y | |
| 1978 | 905,461 | 90.8% | Elected Шаблон:Y | |
| 1983 | 944,637 | 91.0% | Elected Шаблон:Y | |
| 1988 | 1,187,738 | 89.6% | Elected Шаблон:Y | |
| 1989 | Andrés Rodríguez | 882,957 | 76.59% | Elected Шаблон:Y |
| 1993 | Juan Carlos Wasmosy | 449,505 | 41.78% | Elected Шаблон:Y |
| 1998 | Raúl Cubas Grau | 887,196 | 55.35% | Elected Шаблон:Y |
| 2003 | Nicanor Duarte | 574,232 | 38.30% | Elected Шаблон:Y |
| 2008 | Blanca Ovelar | 573,995 | 31.75% | Lost Шаблон:N |
| 2013 | Horacio Cartes | 1,104,169 | 48.48% | Elected Шаблон:Y |
| 2018 | Mario Abdo Benítez | 1,206,067 | 48.96% | Elected Шаблон:Y |
| 2023 | Santiago Peña | 1,292,079 | 43.94% | Elected Шаблон:Y |
Vice presidential election
| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | Félix Argaña | 587,498 | 48.8% | Lost Шаблон:N |
Chamber of Deputies elections
Note: From 1947 until 1962, the Colorado Party was the sole legal party. Free and fair elections did not take place until 1993.
| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Increase 60 | ||
| 1963 | 569,551 | 92.3% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Decrease 20 |
| 1968 | 465,535 | 71.6% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Steady |
| 1973 | 681,306 | 84.7% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Steady |
| 1978 | 905,461 | 90.7% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Steady |
| 1983 | 944,637 | 91.0% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Steady |
| 1988 | 1,187,738 | 89.6% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Steady |
| 1989 | 845,820 | 74.5% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Steady |
| 1993 | 488,342 | 43.4% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Decrease 2 |
| 1998 | 857,473 | 53.8% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Increase 7 |
| 2003 | 520,761 | 35.3% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Decrease 8 |
| 2008 | 582,932 | 32.96% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Decrease 7 |
| 2013 | 919,625 | 40.99% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Increase 14 |
| 2018 | 927,183 | 39.10% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Decrease 2 |
| 2023 | 1,345,730 | 47.43% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Increase 6 |
Senate elections
Note: free and fair elections did not take place until 1993.
| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1968 | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Increase 20 | ||
| 1973 | 681,306 | 84.7% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Steady |
| 1978 | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Steady | ||
| 1983 | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Steady | ||
| 1988 | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Steady | ||
| 1993 | 498,586 | 44.0% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Steady |
| 1998 | 813,287 | 51.7% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Increase 4 |
| 2003 | 508,506 | 34.4% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Decrease 8 |
| 2008 | 509,907 | 29.07% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Decrease 1 |
| 2013 | 865,206 | 38.50% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Increase 4 |
| 2018 | 766,841 | 32.52% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Decrease 2 |
| 2023 | 1,317,463 | 45.72% | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Increase 6 |
See also
References
External links
Шаблон:Paraguayan political parties Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ http://www.eleccionesparaguay.com/noticia-padron-electora-definitivo-elecciones-paraguay-2013-131.html https://elsurti.com/oligarquia/reportaje/2021/03/30/me-afiliaron-sin-mi-consentimiento/ https://www.ultimahora.com/tribunal-hace-lugar-un-habeas-data-contra-anr-afiliacion-ilegal-n3051257 https://www.abc.com.py/nacionales/2021/07/30/reestablecen-web-de-anr-sin-afiliados-fantasma-sepa-que-hacer-si-sigue-figurando/ https://www.paraguay.com/nacionales/investigaran-a-partidos-politicos-por-produccion-de-documentos-falsos-88785 https://www.abc.com.py/nacionales/2021/07/31/urgen-una-ley-de-proteccion-de-datos-tras-afiliaciones-falsas-a-la-anr/
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Paraguay: Potential Successors to Stroessner
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- Английская Википедия
- 1887 establishments in Paraguay
- Conservative parties in South America
- International Democracy Union member parties
- Paraguayan nationalism
- National conservative parties
- Neoliberal parties
- Parties of one-party systems
- Political history of Paraguay
- Political parties established in 1887
- Political parties in Paraguay
- Anti-communist parties
- Far-right political parties
- Far-right politics in South America
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
