Английская Википедия:Colorado River Numic language
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language
Colorado River Numic (also called Ute Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell, Southern Paiute Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell, Ute–Southern Paiute, or Ute-Chemehuevi Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell), of the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, is a dialect chain that stretches from southeastern California to Colorado.Шаблон:Sfn Individual dialects are Chemehuevi, which is in danger of extinction, Southern Paiute (Moapa, Cedar City, Kaibab, and San Juan subdialects), and Ute (Central Utah, Northern, White Mesa, Southern subdialects). According to the Ethnologue, there were a little less than two thousand speakers of Colorado River Numic Language in 1990, or around 40% out of an ethnic population of 5,000.[1]
The Southern Paiute dialect has played a significant role in linguistics, as the background for a famous article by linguist Edward Sapir and his collaborator Tony Tillohash on the nature of the phoneme.[2]
Dialects
The three major dialect groups of Colorado River are Chemehuevi, Southern Paiute, and Ute, although there are no strong isoglosses. The threefold division is primarily one of culture rather than strictly linguistic. There are, however, three major phonological distinctions among the dialects:
- In Southern Paiute and Ute, initial Шаблон:IPA has been lost: Chemehuevi Шаблон:IPA 'drink' is a verb, other dialects Шаблон:IPA 'drink'.
- In Ute, nasal-stop clusters have become voiceless geminate stops: Ute Шаблон:IPA 'horse, pet', other dialects Шаблон:IPA.
- In Ute, the mid back round vowel Шаблон:IPA has been fronted to Шаблон:IPA: Ute Шаблон:IPA 'lungs', other dialects Шаблон:IPA.
There are no strong isoglosses between Southern Paiute and Ute for the changes but an increasing level of change, as one moves from Kaibab Southern Paiute (0% of nasal-stop clusters have changed) to Southern Ute (100% of nasal-stop clusters have changed).
Phonology
Consonant and vowel charts for the westernmost and easternmost dialects are given.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Consonants
Vowels
| front | central | back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Small | Шаблон:Small | |||
| high | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | |
| mid | Шаблон:IPA link | |||
| low | Шаблон:IPA link | |||
| front | central | back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Small | Шаблон:Small | Шаблон:Small | Шаблон:Small | ||
| high | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | ||
| mid | Шаблон:IPA link | ||||
| low | Шаблон:IPA link | ||||
Vowels can be long or short. Short unstressed vowels can be devoiced.
Morphology
The Colorado River Numic language is an agglutinative language, in which words use suffix complexes for a variety of purposes with several morphemes strung together.
References
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite thesis
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
External links
- A Preliminary Analysis of Southern Ute with a Special Focus on Noun Phrases - also contains phonology information
- Chemehuevi language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
- A Chemehuevi Language Archive - 1970s Fieldwork and Analysis by Margaret L. Press
- OLAC resources in and about the Ute-Southern Paiute language
- Collected Works of Edward Sapir, Vol. X: Southern Paiute and Ute Linguistics and Ethnography
- Ute Dictionary
Шаблон:Uto-Aztecan languages Шаблон:Languages of California Шаблон:Languages of Nevada Шаблон:Languages of Arizona
- Английская Википедия
- Numic languages
- Agglutinative languages
- Indigenous languages of Nevada
- Indigenous languages of Arizona
- Indigenous languages of California
- Indigenous languages of the Southwestern United States
- Paiute
- Ute (ethnic group)
- Chemehuevi
- Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
