Английская Википедия:Combined drug intoxication
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Use mdy dates Combined drug intoxication (CDI), or multiple drug intake (MDI), is a cause of death by drug overdose from poly drug use, often implicated in polysubstance dependence.
Deaths by combined drug intoxication are relatively rare (one in several million).[1]Шаблон:Medical source needed In 2004, there were 3,800 deaths in the US resulting from a fatal medication error involving alcohol, while in 1983 there were fewer than 100 such deaths.[2] It is more of a risk for older patients.[3]Шаблон:Medical source needed
Risk factors
People who engage in polypharmacy and other hypochondriac behaviors are at an elevated risk of death from CDI. Other dangers of combining drugs such as "brain damage, heart problems, seizures, stomach bleeding, liver damage/ liver failure, heatstroke, coma, suppressed breathing, and respiratory failure", along with many other complications. Disorders like depression and anxiety can also stem from polydrug use.[4] Elderly people are at the highest risk of CDI, because of having many age-related and health problems requiring many medications combined with age-impaired judgment, leading to confusion in taking medications.[5][3] Elderly patients are often prescribed more than one drug within the same drug class, and doctors may treat the side effects of prescribed drugs with even more drugs, which can overwhelm the patient.[6]
Prevention
In general, the simultaneous use of multiple drugs should be carefully monitored by a qualified individual such as board certified and licensed medical doctor, either an MD or DO. Close association between prescribing physicians and pharmacies, along with the computerization of prescriptions and patients' medical histories, aim to avoid the occurrence of dangerous drug interactions. Lists of contraindications for a drug are usually provided with it, either in monographs, package inserts (accompanying prescribed medications), or in warning labels (for OTC drugs). CDI/MDI might also be avoided by physicians requiring their patients to return any unused prescriptions. Patients should ask their doctors and pharmacists if there are any interactions between the drugs they are taking.
Common combinations
Alcohol
Alcohol can exacerbate the symptoms and may directly contribute to increased severity of symptoms. The reasons for toxicity vary depending on the mixture of drugs. Usually, most victims die after using two or more drugs in combination that suppress breathing, and the low blood oxygen level causes brain death.[7]
See also
References
External links
- Drug Interactions Checker at Drugs.com: Drug Information Online
- Drug Interaction Checker at Medscape (registration required)
Шаблон:Combined substance use and adulteration Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ "Combined Drug Intoxication". American Outreach. (March 22, 2010).
