Английская Википедия:Comiket

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Шаблон:Nihongo, more commonly known as Шаблон:Nihongo or Шаблон:Nihongo, is a semiannual doujinshi convention in Tokyo, Japan. A grassroots market focused on the sale of doujin (self-published) works, Comiket is a not-for-profit fan convention administered by the volunteer-run Comic Market Preparatory Committee (ComiketPC). Inaugurated on 21 December 1975 with an estimated 700 attendees, Comiket has since grown to become the largest fan convention in the world, with an estimated turnstile attendance of 750,000 in 2019. Comiket is typically held at Tokyo Big Sight in August and December, with the two events distinguished as Шаблон:Nihongo and Шаблон:Nihongo, respectively.

Programme

Dōjin marketplace

Comiket is focused primarily on the sale of dōjin: non-commercial, self-published works. Approximately 35,000 circles (a term for groups or individuals who create dōjin) participate in each edition of Comiket. Different circles exhibit on each day of Comiket; circles producing works on a common subject, such as a particular media franchise or manga genre, are typically grouped on the same day. The most common item sold at Comiket is dōjinshi (self-published comics, novels or magazines), while a smaller number of circles sell dōjin soft, analog (board/card/etc.) games, music, clothing, and other goods. These are often derivative fan works based on anime, video games, and other media, legal according to Japanese law (shinkokuzai). Since Comiket's inauguration, sample copies of all works sold at Comiket are collected and archived by ComiketPC, with over 2.1 million works having been archived.

Trends in derivative works

The number of dōjin circles producing derivative works for given media properties, from Comiket 84 (August 2013) to Comiket 97 (December 2019).

Cosplay

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Elaborately dressed cosplayers at Comiket 69 in December 2005

Comiket is a major outlet for cosplay enthusiasts. Since Comiket 80 in 2011, restrictions on cosplaying have been gradually relaxed, with a shift from regulating objects (e.g. a ban on items that could be used as weapons) to regulating behavior (e.g. a ban on swinging around long objects). Some general contemporary guidelines include not wearing clothes that are too revealing, not imitating uniformed officers, and being out of cosplay when arriving/departing from Comiket.

Corporate booths

Comiket hosts 190 corporate booths each year. This includes both large commercial companies, such as video game studios and manga publishers, as well as celebrity meet and greet sessions.

Operations

Schedule

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Entry queue to Comiket 90 in August 2016

Comiket is held twice yearly, in August and December. These events are distinguished as "Summer Comic Market" (Natsukomi) and "Winter Comic Market" (Fuyukomi). Since 1995, both events have run for three days each, with Summer Comiket generally occurring Friday to Sunday in mid-August, and Winter Comiket generally occurring the three days prior to New Year's Day. Starting with Comiket 96, the events have been four days long. Both events run daily from 10:00Шаблон:Nbspa.m. to 4:00Шаблон:Nbspp.m, with corporate booths open until 5:00Шаблон:Nbspp.m and the entire convention closing an hour early on the final day of the event. Comiket has been held at Tokyo Big Sight in Ariake, Tokyo since 1996. Comiket 98, which was planned for August 2020, was the event's first cancellation in its history as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; Comiket 99, which would have been held in December 2020 was instead held in December 2021, two years after the last time it was held, and ran for only two days.

Event size

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Crowds at Comiket 62 in August 2002

Comiket is the largest fan convention in the world, growing from fewer than 10,000 attendees in 1982 to over half a million by 2004. Since 2007, attendee numbers have fluctuated in the region of 500,000 for Winter Comiket and 560,000 for Summer Comiket.Шаблон:Efn Because of the extremely high volume of attendance at Comiket, mobile phone companies set up temporary antennas, while the Tokyo Metro makes special arrangements to accommodate the large crowds. Hour-long queues to enter Comiket during peak hours are common, while some attendees queue up to five hours before the event to ensure early admission. Popular circles are frequently placed near the venue's loading docks so that their queues can extend outside. ComiketPC recommends that first-time attendees arrive in the afternoon to avoid queues.

Catalog

For every Comiket, a catalog is released that contains information about the event. The catalog includes a list of all participating circles, maps of the convention layout, directions to and from the convention, rules for the convention, results from surveys held among Comiket participants, articles about topics relevant to dōjinshi creators, and one to two pictures ("circle cuts") for every participating circle. It is available in print and DVD-ROM format, and since Comiket 83, is available online behind a partial paywall.

Catalogs are made available for sale at stores two weeks before the event. The print version is roughly the size of an average phone book, while the DVD-ROM version includes features such as advanced search functions and a clickable map. To date, there is no English edition of the catalog available, though the catalog does contain a four-page basic guide for attending Comiket in English, Chinese, and Korean.

Prior to Comiket 96, a purchased catalog was not required for admission to Comiket (see 2020 Summer Olympics changes below).

Participants

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A circle ticket for Comiket 88. The ticket uses holography to prevent counterfeiting and includes the personal information of the exhibitor (blurred in this image) to prevent scalping.

The overwhelming majority of Comiket circle participants are amateur and hobbyist artists: 70% of participating circles lose money, while only 15% turn a profit. The majority of circle participants at Comiket are female, with women composing 57% of participating circles at Comiket 84. General attendees at Comiket tend to skew male, with men comprising 64% of attendees at Comiket 78.

Of the Comiket circle participants, a 2011 poll showed that nearly half participated because attending the event and showing off their work is enjoyable, and a significant percentage came to spread their works to the public. A smaller percentage of dōjinshi creators' goal is to promote an idea or opinion through attending Comiket.

The majority of those participating in circles in 2010 said that they are a part of a one-person circle (59%), while two-person (20%) and three-person (8%) circles were also common.

Philanthropy

Since 1993, ComiketPC has donated over ¥60 million to sustainable forest management to offset paper used in the production of dōjinshi. Since 2007, ComiketPC has worked with the Japanese Red Cross Society to organize bloodmobiles at Comiket events, with donors given Comiket-exclusive posters depicting characters from anime and video games. The Red Cross receives an estimated 1,500 blood donations at each Comiket.

History

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Шаблон:Ill (Comiket 103), a manga criticism circle that founded the Comic Market. At left is Шаблон:Ill, the first representative of Comic Market.

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Crowds at Comiket 49, held in December 1995 at Шаблон:Interlanguage link

Comiket was inaugurated in 1975 by Шаблон:Ill (Labyrinth), a dōjin circle founded by Yoshihiro Yonezawa, Шаблон:Ill, and Шаблон:Ill while studying at Meiji University. The first Comiket was organized amid a period of immense change and upheaval for manga as a medium, characterized by the closure of the experimental manga magazine COM and the ascendance of the Year 24 Group. A 1975 incident in which a dōjin creator applying for Шаблон:Ill was refused admission after criticizing the convention's focus on professional guests over dōjin creators in her application became a catalyst for the founding of Comiket as a fan convention.

As Comiket grew, a lottery system to allocate exhibition space was implemented in 1979, as the number of applications from circles began to surpass available space. In 1981 the event moved to Шаблон:Interlanguage link and began publishing an event catalog in 1982. Comiket would change locations frequently throughout the late 1980s and 1990s, as the Japanese bubble economy led to an upsurge in trade shows that made it difficult to secure a consistent venue. The murders by Tsutomu Miyazaki and subsequent moral panic against otaku would lead to further difficulties in Comiket's ability to secure a venue. Tokyo Big Sight hosted Comiket for the first time in 1996, and remains the convention's primary venue. In 1998 (C54), an arsonist placed incendiary devices in the venue the day before the event, which were noticed and neutralized with no major damage; the event was held as normal, though with heightened security. The arsonist was caught at the following event.

In 2012, anonymous threats made against circles creating works related to Kuroko's Basketball led Comiket to prohibit the sale of all Kuroko's Basketball-related items at Comiket 85 (see Kuroko's Basketball § Controversies). Organizers refunded the registration fees for the roughly 900 circles producing Kuroko's Basketball items, resulting in a loss for Comiket of roughly ¥10 million. In 2015, ComiketPC organized a special event specifically focused on doujinshi related to the series. Affectionately nicknamed "Kuroket", the event hosted approximately 2,400 circles producing Kuroko's Basketball items.

Шаблон:Anchor In August 2018, ComiketPC announced modified schedules for Comikets 96, 97, and 98 due to the 2020 Summer Olympics. As the east wing of Big Sight closed in 2019 for renovations in advance of the Olympics, the corporate booths of C96 and C97 were moved to Aomi Exhibition Hall, and both events expanded to four days of programming. Admission to both events required the purchase of a wristband – the first time in Comiket's history it was not free to attend – in order to offset the cost of running the event across four days, and to depress attendance in light of the smaller venue space. Wristbands for all four days were included with the purchase of a print event catalog, while individual wristbands for each day were available to purchase at Big Sight the day of the event. C98 in 2020 was slated to be moved to Golden Week in May in order to not conflict with the Olympics in August. On 27 March 2020, ComiketPC announced that C98 had been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the first time a Comiket event has been cancelled. On 12 July 2020, it was announced that Comiket 99 would be postponed to 2021, taking place during Golden Week as C98 would have in order to not conflict with the Summer Olympics, which were also postponed. A virtual event titled "Air Comiket" was held in December to replace its originally planned dates. Comic Market 99 was ultimately delayed to December 2021, and ran for only two days with entry limited to 55,000 people per day by requiring ticket purchases.

Event history

No.	Year	Date	Dōjin circles	AttendanceШаблон:Efn	Venues
1	1975	21 December	32	700	Шаблон:Interlanguage link
2	1976	4 April	39	550	Шаблон:Nihongo
3		25 July	56	500
4		19 December	80	700
5	1977	10 April	94	1300	Шаблон:Nihongo
6		30–31 JulyШаблон:Efn	100	2000
7		18 December	131	2500
8	1978	2 April	144	2000
CS1Шаблон:Efn		6 May	Шаблон:Unk	250	Шаблон:Nihongo
9		29–30 July	200	3000
—Шаблон:Efn		15 November	Шаблон:Unk	Шаблон:Unk	Hitotsubashi University Kunitachi Campus
10		17 December	200	3000	Ōta City Industrial Building
11	1979	8 April	218	3000
12		28–29 July	330	4000	Шаблон:Interlanguage link
13		23 December	290	4000	Ōta City Industrial Building
14	1980	11 May	380	6000	Шаблон:Nihongo
15		14 September	340	7000
16		14 December	340	7000
17	1981	5 April	400	8000
18		15–16 August	512	10 000	Шаблон:Interlanguage link
19		20 December	600	9000	Шаблон:Interlanguage link
20	1982	21 March	780	9000
21		8 August	970	10 000
22		26 December	1060	8000
23Шаблон:Efn	1983	3 April	1200	13 000
24		7 August	1500	18 000
25		25 December	1550	25 000
26	1984	19 August	2400	30 000
27		23 December	2300	25 000
28	1985	11 August	3450	30 000
29		29 December	4000	30 000
30	1986	10 August	3900	35 000
31		27–28 December	4400	40 000	Шаблон:Interlanguage link
32	1987	8–9 August	4400	60 000
33		26–27 December	4400	55 000
34	1988	13–14 August	9200	70 000	Шаблон:Interlanguage link
35	1989	25–26 March	8900	70 000
36		13–14 August	10 000	100 000
37		23–24 December	11 000	120 000	Makuhari Messe
38	1990	18–19 August	13 000	230 000
39		23–24 December	13 000	250 000
40	1991	16–17 August	11 000	200 000	Шаблон:Interlanguage link
41		29–30 December	14 000	200 000
42	1992	15–16 August	12 000	250 000
43		29–30 December	15 000	180 000
44	1993	15–16 August	15 000	250 000
45		29–30 December	16 000	200 000
46	1994	7–8 August	16 000	240 000
47		29–30 December	16 000	200 000
48	1995	18–20 AugustШаблон:Efn	22 000	250 000
49		29–30 December	16 000	220 000
CS2Шаблон:Efn	1996	17 March	1300	8000
50		3–4 August	18 000	350 000	Tokyo Big Sight
51		28–29 December	22 000	220 000
52	1997	15–17 August	33 000	400 000
53		28–29 December	22 000	300 000
54	1998	14–16 August	33 000	380 000
55		29–30 December	23 000	300 000
56	1999	13–15 August	35 000	400 000
57		24–26 December	25 000	320 000
CS3Шаблон:Efn	2000	13–15 August	200	1500	Okinawa Convention Center
58		11–13 August	35 000	430 000	Tokyo Big Sight
59		29–30 December	23 000	300 000
60	2001	10–12 August	35 000	480 000
61		29–31 December	23 000	360 000
62	2002	9–11 August	35 000	480 000
63		28–30 December	35 000	450 000
64	2003	15–17 August	35 000	460 000
65		28–30 December	35 000	420 000
66	2004	15–17 August	35 000	510 000
67		28–30 December	23 000	370 000
CS4Шаблон:Efn	2005	21 March	3400	50 000
68		12–14 August	35 000	480 000
69		29–30 December	23 000	350 000
70	2006	11–13 August	35 000	430 000
71		29–31 DecemberШаблон:Efn	35 000	440 000
72	2007	17–19 August	35 000	550 000
73		29–31 December	35 000	500 000
74	2008	15–17 August	35 000	550 000
75		28–30 December	35 000	510 000
76	2009	14–16 August	35 000	560 000
77		29–31 December	35 000	510 000
CS5Шаблон:Efn	2010	14–16 August	1500	33 000	Шаблон:Nihongo
78		13–15 August	35 000	560 000	Tokyo Big Sight
79		29–31 December	35 000	520 000
80	2011	12–14 August	35 000	540 000
81		29–31 December	35 000	500 000
82	2012	10–12 August	35 000	560 000
Шаблон:Visible anchor		29–31 December	35 000	550 000
84	2013	10–12 August	35 000	590 000
85		29–31 December	35 000	520 000
86	2014	15–17 August	35 000	550 000
87		28–30 December	35 000	560 000
CS6Шаблон:Efn	2015	28–29 March	5200	50 000	Makuhari Messe
88		14–16 August	35 000	550 000	Tokyo Big Sight
89		29–31 December	35 000	520 000
90	2016	12–14 August	34 000	530 000
91		29–31 December	36 000	550 000
92	2017	11–13 August	32 000	500 000
93		29–31 December	32 000	550 000
94	2018	10–12 August	35 000	530 000
95		29–31 December	35 000	570 000
96	2019	9–12 AugustШаблон:Efn	32 000	730 000	Tokyo Big Sight & Aomi Exhibition Hall
97		28–31 December	32 000	750 000
98	2020	CancelledШаблон:Efn	Шаблон:NA	Шаблон:NA	Шаблон:NA
99	2021	30–31 DecemberШаблон:Efn	20,000	110,000Шаблон:Efn	Tokyo Big Sight
100	2022	13–14 August	20,000	170,000
101		30–31 December	20,000	180,000
102	2023	12–13 August	21,000	260,000
103		30-31 December

See also

• Lucca Comics & Games, the largest comics festival in Europe, and the second biggest in the world after the Comiket
• Comic World, an anime and doujin festival with events in South Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan
• Comifuro, a doujin convention in Indonesia.
• Anime Expo, an anime convention in the United States
• Japan Expo, a Japanese pop culture convention in France
• Overload, a doujin festival in New Zealand

Further reading

• "What is Comic Market?", a presentation by the Comic Market Preparatory Committee, February 2008
• "The Japan Comic Market FAQ: A Gaijin's Guide to Comike", a guide for tourists attending Comiket, August 2004 (via Archive)
• "How to Comiket, Part I: Intelligence" and "Part II: Strategy", a guide for tourists attending Comiket, July 2005 (via Archive)
• "Ticktank's English Guide to Comiket", a guide for tourists attending Comiket, August 2008
• "The Road to Comiket", a guide for foreign creators applying for Comiket, December 2007 (via Archive)
• "The Fragile Heart of Moé", an 8-minute clip from a feature-length documentary about dojinshi and Comiket, 2010

External links

• Official Comic Market website (in Japanese)
• Official Comic Market website (in English)