Английская Википедия:Commandant of the Coast Guard
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox official post
The commandant of the Coast Guard is the service chief and highest-ranking member of the United States Coast Guard. The commandant is an admiral, appointed for a four-year term by the president of the United States upon confirmation by the United States Senate. The commandant is assisted by a vice commandant, who is also an admiral, and two area commanders (U.S. Coast Guard Pacific Area and U.S. Coast Guard Atlantic Area) and two deputy commandants (deputy commandant for operations and deputy commandant for mission support), all of whom are vice admirals.
Though the United States Coast Guard is one of the six military branches of the United States, unlike the other service chiefs, the commandant of the Coast Guard is not a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The commandant is, however, entitled to the same supplemental pay as each member of the Joint Chiefs, per Шаблон:USCSub ($4,000 per annum in 2009), and is accorded privilege of the floor under Senate Rule XXIII(1) as a de facto JCS member during presidential addresses.
The commandant maintains operational command over the Coast Guard, unlike the chiefs of the other services, who serve only administrative roles. Thus, while the operational chain of command for the other services (per the Goldwater–Nichols Act) goes from the president through the secretary of defense to the combatant commanders of the unified combatant commands, command and control of the Coast Guard goes from the president through the secretary of homeland security (or secretary of defense, when the Coast Guard is acting as a service in the Department of the Navy) through the commandant. Prior to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security in 2003, the United States Coast Guard operated under and the commandant reported to the secretary of transportation from 1966 to 2003, and the secretary of the treasury from 1790 until 1966.
The current and 27th commandant is Admiral Linda L. Fagan, who assumed office on 1 June 2022. She is the first woman to serve in the role.[1][2]
History
The title of commandant dates to a 1923 act that distributed the commissioned line and engineer officers of the U.S. Coast Guard in grades. Before 1923, the rank and title of the head of the Coast Guard was "captain-commandant." The rank "captain-commandant" originated in the Revenue Cutter Service in 1908. The original holder of that rank was the Chief of the Revenue Cutter Service (also known as the Revenue Marine). The Coast Guard traces the lineage of commandants back to Captain Leonard G. Shepard, chief of the Revenue Marine Bureau, even though he never officially received the title of captain-commandant. The captain-commandant position was created in 1908 when Captain Worth G. Ross was the first to actually hold the position. Although he was retired, Ross's predecessor, Captain Charles F. Shoemaker, was elevated to the rank of captain-commandant. Shoemaker's predecessor, Captain Shepard, had already died and was not elevated to the rank.
Chiefs of the Revenue Marine Bureau
Chiefs exercised centralized control over the Revenue Marine Bureau.
- Captain Alexander V. Fraser, USRM, 1843–1848[3]
- Captain Richard Evans, USRM, 1848–1849[4]
In 1849 the Revenue Marine Bureau was dissolved, and the Revenue Marine fell under the control the commissioner of customs until the Revenue Marine Bureau was again established in 1869.
- N. Broughton Devereux, 1869–1871
- Sumner I. Kimball, 1871–1878
- Ezra Clark, 1878–1885
- Peter Bonnett, 1885–1889
List of commandants
There have been 27 commandants of the Coast Guard since the office of chief of the Revenue Marine Bureau was transferred to a military billet.[5] This includes Admiral Linda L. Fagan, the current commandant.
| # | Picture | Name | Rank | Start of tenure | End of tenure | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Файл:LeonardShepard.jpg | Leonard G. Shepard | Captain | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Shepard became the first military Chief of the "Revenue Marine Division" of the Treasury Department and is considered to be the first Commandant.[6] |
| 2 | Файл:CharlesShoemaker.jpg | Charles F. Shoemaker | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | On 8 May 1908, Shoemaker was promoted to the rank of Captain-Commandant on the Retired List by Act of Congress. | |
| 3 | Файл:Worth Ross.jpg | Worth G. Ross | Captain-commandant | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Ross was instrumental in the establishment of what was to become the U.S. Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut. |
| 4 | Файл:US Coast Guard Capt Commandant Ellsworth P. Bertholf.jpg | Ellsworth P. Bertholf | Commodore | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Served during the merger of the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service with the U.S. Life-Saving Service to form the U.S. Coast Guard. Was the first Coast Guard officer to achieve flag rank.Шаблон:Refn |
| 5 | Файл:Admiral William Reynolds.jpg | William E. Reynolds | Rear admiral | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Reynolds was the first Coast Guard officer to be promoted to the rank of rear admiral. |
| 6 | Файл:Frederick C Billard.jpg | Frederick C. Billard | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Billard was appointed to three consecutive terms as Commandant and died in office 17 May 1932, serving through the Prohibition Era and reorganization of the academy. | |
| 7 | Файл:HarryGHamlet.jpg | Harry G. Hamlet | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap[7] | Hamlet persuaded Congress to dismiss efforts to merge the Coast Guard with the U.S. Navy. Continued serving after term as Commandant was over and eventually retired as a vice admiral by act of Congress. | |
| 8 | Файл:Russell R Waesche.jpg | Russell R. Waesche | Admiral | Шаблон:Nowrap[8] | Шаблон:Nowrap | First Commandant to be promoted to vice admiral and admiral. Commandant during World War II and helped the Coast Guard remain a separate distinct service while it was assigned to the U.S. Navy. Oversaw the largest manpower buildup in Coast Guard history and was instrumental in the formation of the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary and the U.S. Coast Guard Reserve.Шаблон:Refn |
| 9 | Файл:John F Farley.jpg | Joseph F. Farley | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Farley served during the difficult Post-World War II era when additional statutory responsibilities were being added to the Coast Guard's mission structure and personnel allowances were being reduced. | |
| 10 | Файл:Admiral Merlin O'Neill.jpg | Merlin O'Neill | Vice admiral | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | O'Neill directed the increase in port security activities required by the passage of the Magnuson Act and revitalized the Coast Guard Reserve program emphasizing its defense mission during wartime. Шаблон:Refn |
| 11 | Файл:Alfred C Richmond.jpg | Alfred C. Richmond | Admiral | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Richmond served two full terms as Commandant and was the United States delegate to many international maritime conferences during his tenure.Шаблон:Refn |
| 12 | Файл:Edwin J Roland.jpg | Edwin J. Roland | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Roland oversaw the replacement of many World War II era cutters under fleet modernization programs during his tenure. He assisted the U.S. Navy with operations in Vietnam by supplying crews and cutters for Operation Market Time. | |
| 13 | Файл:Smith, Willard J., Adm., USCG.jpg | Willard J. Smith | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Smith was the Commandant of the Coast Guard when the service was transferred from the Department of the Treasury to the newly formed Department of Transportation. | |
| 14 | Файл:ADM Chester R. Bender 190301-G-G0000-2020.jpg | Chester R. Bender | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | The Coast Guard undertook new statutory responsibilities in the areas of marine safety, environmental protection and law enforcement during his tenure, however Bender is best known for his changes in the dress uniform worn by Coast Guardsmen; sometimes referred to as "Bender's Blues". | |
| 15 | Файл:Owen W Siler.jpg | Owen W. Siler | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Several changes in environmental duties occurred during Siler's tenure as well as a step-up in drug interdiction activities. Under his tenure, the replacement of aging cutters was given budget priority, and the first women entered the Coast Guard Academy. | |
| 16 | Файл:ADM J B Hayes USCG.jpg | John B. Hayes | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Hayes experienced severe budget problems during his tenure while fending off a move in Congress to transfer the Coast Guard to the Navy. Drug interdiction was increased and several high-profile search and rescue cases occurred during his watch which helped keep the Coast Guard in the public eye. | |
| 17 | Файл:Gracey-190614-G-G0000-2004.jpeg | James S. Gracey | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Gracey faced tight budgets at the same time he was successful at replacing aging cutters. Increasing the Coast Guard's role in the defense of coastal waters was accomplished. | |
| 18 | Файл:Yost-190731-G-G0000-2003.jpeg | Paul A. Yost Jr. | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Yost successfully maintained the service through difficult budget battles each year. In doing so, he also emphasized three 'primary mission areas": maritime law enforcement, maritime safety, and defense readiness. There was an increased emphasis on military/naval capabilities of the service. | |
| 19 | Файл:J William Kime.jpg | J. William Kime | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Kime led the service during the end of the Cold War, collapse of the Soviet Union, the Persian Gulf War's Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, as well as increasing operations in drug interdiction and environmental law enforcement. | |
| 20 | Файл:KramekRobertPortrait300.jpg | Robert E. Kramek | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | During his tenure as Commandant, he successfully led the service through difficult budget battles each year and directed the "streamlining" plan that was mandated by the National Performance Review and "Mandate for Change." | |
| 21 | Файл:Admiral Loy.jpg | James Loy | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | As the USCG Commandant, Loy reacted to the September 11 attacks of 2001. In the short term, he supervised the resumption of sea-borne trade throughout the U.S., after the USCG had shut down most major ports after the attacks. In the long term, Loy led the U.S. delegation to the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and was instrumental in ensuring that the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code was approved and implemented in 2002. The code came into effect in 2004. | |
| 22 | Файл:Admiral Collins.jpg | Thomas H. Collins | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Collins guided the U.S. Coast Guard in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks of 2001. As part of this effort to tighten maritime security, Collins encouraged people involved in the maritime industry and the recreational boating industry to report suspicious activity to the National Response Center. This program was extended and formalized as America's Waterway Watch in 2005. | |
| 23 | Файл:Thad W. Allen.jpg | Thad W. Allen | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Allen led the effort to reform and modernize all aspects of the Coast Guard, improving and sustaining Mission Execution. Admiral Allen continually stated his ultimate aim was to make the Coast Guard a "change-centric" organization capable of quickly and efficiently adapting to meet the growing and ever-changing demands of the future. Additionally he was the first high-ranking member of the Federal government to embrace social media, pioneering the effort to connect to his audience through all manners of digital technology. During his final months in office he led the Coast Guard's exemplary response to the earthquake in Haiti and then, first as Commandant and concurrently as the National Incident Commander, he led the nation's response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, holding the latter post well after his tenure as Commandant had come to a close. | |
| 24 | Файл:Cmdt Papp 2010.jpg | Robert J. Papp Jr. | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | ||
| 25 | Файл:Zukunft June 2014.jpg | Paul F. Zukunft | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | ||
| 26 | Файл:Adm. Karl L. Schultz.jpg | Karl L. Schultz | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | ||
| 27 | Файл:Admiral Linda L. Fagan, Coast Guard Vice Commandant.jpg | Linda L. Fagan | Шаблон:Nowrap | Incumbent | Fagan is the first woman to serve as Coast Guard Commandant, and simultaneously the first woman to lead a military branch in the United States. |
Timeline
<timeline> ImageSize = width:1140 height:auto barincrement:10 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:270 left:20 AlignBars = late
DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1888 till:2028 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1890
Define $now = 2024
Colors =
id:csa value:darkblue legend: Commandant_of_the_Coast_Guard id:vcsa value:rgb(0.7,0.7,0.7) legend: Assistant/Vice_Commandant_of_the_Coast_Guard id:time value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.9)
Legend = orientation:vertical position:right
LineData =
layer:back width:0.1 color:time at:1890 at:1900 at:1910 at:1920 at:1930 at:1940 at:1950 at:1960 at:1970 at:1980 at:1990 at:2000 at:2010 at:2020
BarData =
barset:PM bar:shepard bar:shoemaker bar:ross bar:bertholf bar:reynolds bar:billard bar:hamlet bar:waesche bar:farley bar:o'neill bar:richmond bar:roland bar:smith bar:bender bar:siler bar:hayes bar:gracey bar:yost bar:kime bar:kramek bar:loy bar:collins bar:allen bar:papp bar:zukunft bar:schultz bar:fagan
PlotData=
width:6 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PM bar:shepard from:1889 till:1895 color:csa text:"Shepard" bar:shoemaker from:1895 till:1905 color:csa text:"Shoemaker" bar:ross from:1905 till:1911 color:csa text:"Ross" bar:bertholf from:1911 till:1919 color:csa text:"Bertholf" bar:reynolds from:1919 till:1924 color:csa text:"Reynolds" bar:billard from:1924 till:1932 color:csa text:"Billard" bar:hamlet from:1932 till:1936 color:csa text:"Hamlet" bar:waesche from:1936 till:1946 color:csa text:"Waesche" bar:farley from:1946 till:1950 color:csa text:"Farley" bar:o'neill from:1946 till:1950 color:vcsa bar:o'neill from:1950 till:1954 color:csa text:"O'Neill" bar:richmond from:1950 till:1954 color:vcsa bar:richmond from:1954 till:1962 color:csa text:"Richmond" bar:roland from:1962 till:1966 color:csa text:"Roland" bar:smith from:1966 till:1970 color:csa text:"Smith" bar:bender from:1970 till:1974 color:csa text:"Bender" bar:siler from:1974 till:1978 color:csa text:"Siler" bar:hayes from:1978 till:1982 color:csa text:"Hayes" bar:gracey from:1982 till:1986 color:csa text:"Gracey" bar:yost from:1986 till:1990 color:csa text:"Yost" bar:kime from:1990 till:1994 color:csa text:"Kime" bar:kramek from:1994 till:1998 color:csa text:"Kramek" bar:loy from:1998 till:2002 color:csa text:"Loy" bar:collins from:2000 till:2002 color:vcsa bar:collins from:2002 till:2006 color:csa text:"Collins" bar:allen from:2006 till:2010 color:csa text:"Allen" bar:papp from:2010 till:2014 color:csa text:"Papp" bar:zukunft from:2014 till:2018 color:csa text:"Zukunft" bar:schultz from:2018 till:2022 color:csa text:"Schultz" bar:fagan from:2021 till:2022 color:vcsa bar:fagan from:2022 till:$now color:csa text:"Fagan"
</timeline>
See also
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References cited
External links
Шаблон:US Coast Guard navbox Шаблон:United States Armed Forces Шаблон:Highest Military Ranks
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Noble, p 24
- ↑ Noble, p 21
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Captain Leonard G. Shepard, U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, https://www.history.uscg.mil/Browse-by-Topic/Notable-People/All/Article/1762441/captain-leonard-g-shepard/
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
