Английская Википедия:Commander-in-Chief, Levant
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military unit
The Commander-in-Chief, Levant was a senior administrative shore commander of the Royal Navy. The post was established in February 1943 when the British Chiefs of Staff Committee ordered the Mediterranean Fleet to be divided into two commands. One was responsible for naval operations involving ships, and the other, administrative and support, was responsible for shore establishments.[1] His subordinate establishments and staff were sometimes informally known as the Levant Command or Levant Station.[2] In December 1943 the title was changed to Flag Officer, Levant and East Mediterranean.[3] In January 1944 the two separate commands were re-unified into a single command merging back into Commander-in-Chief Mediterranean Fleet.[4]
History
Shore-based naval area commands in the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre had historically reported to the Commander-in-Chief Mediterranean Fleet.
"A Flag Officer (Liaison), Rear-Admiral F. Elliott, had been appointed to co-ordinate matters of local defence [of Alexandria], and he was already the Fortress Commander in all but name. In war he was to be responsible to the General Officer Commanding British Troops in Egypt for the security of the Fortress, but was to meet the requirements of the Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, in every possible way."[5]
In 1940, responsibility for the Red Sea area was transferred from the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies to the Mediterranean Fleet and did not revert until 1942. Following a meeting in London, the Chiefs of Staff Committee signaled on 2 February 1943 to Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham, Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, that:[6]
1). The Mediterranean will be divided into two commands:(a) the area to the west line A to B to be the Mediterranean command. (b) the area to the East of the above line to be the Levant command which will include the Red Sea. 2). For the present the line A to B will be the line running from the Tunisian/Tripolitanian border to a position in Latitude 35 degrees North, Longitude 60 degrees East, thence to Cape Spartivento (Italy).[6]
Between 1943 and 1945 the shore commands reporting to C-in-C Levant were Tunisia (1943), North Africa (1943-1944), Sicily (July–September 1943); Taranto (September 1943 - May 1945), FO West Italy (September 1943 - October 1944), Northern Mediterranean (October 1944), and Western Mediterranean (January 1943 - January 1944) & (July 1944 - 1945). The dockyards at Gibraltar and Malta continued as major bases supporting the new organisation.[7] In December 1943 the command was renamed to Levant and Eastern Mediterranean.[8]
In August 1946 the command was retitled the Flag Officer, Middle East, part of the tri-service British Middle East Command, until 1959.[9]
Commanders in Chief
| Rank | Flag | Name | Post Name | Term | Notes/Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vice-Admiral | Файл:Flag of Vice-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg | Vice Admiral Sir Henry Harwood | Commander-in-Chief, Levant | February – 5 June 1943 | [10][11] |
| 2 | Admiral | Файл:Flag of Admiral - Royal Navy.svg | Sir John Cunningham | Commander-in-Chief, Levant | 5 June 1943 – August 1943 | [10] |
| 3 | Vice-Admiral | Файл:Flag of Vice-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg | Vice Admiral Sir Algernon Willis | Commander-in-Chief, Levant | 14 October – December, 1943 | [10] |
| 4 | Vice-Admiral | Файл:Flag of Vice-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg | Sir Bernard Rawlings | Flag Officer, Levant and East Mediterranean | 28 December 1943 – -October 1944 | From January 1944 FOLEM was responsible to C-in-C Mediterranean.[11][10] |
| 5 | Vice-Admiral | Файл:Flag of Vice-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg | Sir William G. Tennant | Flag Officer Levant and East Mediterranean | October 1944 - August 1946 | [12][10] |
Sub-commands, 1943 to 1946
Commodore-in-Charge, Algiers
Flag Officer, North Africa
| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag Officer, North Africa [11] | |||||
| 1 | Rear Admiral | Файл:Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg | Geoffrey Watkins | 12 May – December, 1943 | retired[13] |
Flag Officer, Northern Area, Mediterranean
| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag Officer, Northern Area, Mediterranean [11] | |||||
| 1 | Rear Admiral | Файл:Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg | John A. V. Morse | 25 October 1944 – August, 1945 | [13] |
Flag Officer, Sicily
| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag Officer, Sicily [11] | |||||
| 1 | Rear Admiral | Файл:Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg | Rhoderick McGrigor | 13 July – September, 1943 | [13] |
Flag Officer, Taranto Area
| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag Officer, Taranto and Adriatic [11] | |||||
| 1 | Rear Admiral | Файл:Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg | Arthur Peters | 13 September – 15 November 1943 | and liaison Italy[13] |
| 2 | Rear Admiral | Файл:Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg | Rhoderick McGrigor | 15 November 1943 | ditto[13] |
Flag Officer, Tunisia
| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag Officer, Tunisia [11] | |||||
| 1 | Admiral | Файл:Flag of Admiral - Royal Navy.svg | Sir Gerald C. Dickens | 12 May – December, 1943 | retired[13] |
Flag Officer, Western Italy
| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag Officer, Western Italy [11] | |||||
| 1 | Rear Admiral | Файл:Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg | John A. V. Morse | 30 July – August, 1943 | [13] |
Flag Officer, Western Mediterranean
| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes/Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag Officer, Western Mediterranean [11] | |||||
| 1 | Rear Admiral | Файл:Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg | Charles Morgan | October 1943 - January, 1944 | [13] |
Rear-Admiral, Alexandria
Шаблон:Main The Commander, Levant Area, was responsible to the Rear-Admiral, Alexandria.
References
Sources
- Cook, Chris (2006). The Routledge Guide to British Political Archives: Sources Since 1945. Cambridge, England: Routledge. ISBN
- Grehan, John; Mace, Martin (2014). "Introduction". The War at Sea in the Mediterranean 1940–1944. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword. Шаблон:ISBN.
- Mackie, Colin. (2018) "Royal Navy Senior Appointments from 1865" (PDF). gulabin.com. C. Mackie.
- Peterson, J. E. (2016). Defending Arabia. Cambridge, England: Routledge. Шаблон:ISBN.
- Roberts, John (2009). Safeguarding the Nation: The Story of the Modern Royal Navy. Barnsley, England: Seaforth Publishing. Шаблон:ISBN
- Roskill, S.W. (2004). The war at sea : 1939-1945 : history of the second world war. Uckfield, Eng.: Naval and Military Press. Шаблон:ISBN.
- "The Western Powers and the ME". Middle East Record. The Moshe Dayan Center. 2: 90. 1961.
- (Viscount), Andrew Browne Cunningham Cunningham of Hyndhope (2006). The Cunningham Papers: Selections from the Private and Official Correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope. Farnham, England: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Шаблон:ISBN.
- Watson, Dr Graham. "Royal Navy Organization in World War 2, 1939-1945". naval-history.net. G. Smith, 19 September 2015.
Шаблон:Admiralty Department Шаблон:Royal Navy fleets
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ I.S.O. Playfair, The Mediterranean and Middle East, Vol. I, p.36
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 10,4 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 11,5 11,6 11,7 11,8 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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