Английская Википедия:Comparison of free and open-source software licenses
Шаблон:Short description This comparison only covers software licenses which have a linked Wikipedia article for details and which are approved by at least one of the following expert groups: the Free Software Foundation, the Open Source Initiative, the Debian Project and the Fedora Project. For a list of licenses not specifically intended for software, see List of free-content licences.
FOSS licenses
FOSS stands for "Free and Open Source Software". There is no one universally agreed-upon definition of FOSS software and various groups maintain approved lists of licenses. The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is one such organization keeping a list of open-source licenses.[1] The Free Software Foundation (FSF) maintains a list of what it considers free.[2] FSF's free software and OSI's open-source licenses together are called FOSS licenses. There are licenses accepted by the OSI which are not free as per the Free Software Definition. The Open Source Definition allows for further restrictions like price, type of contribution and origin of the contribution, e.g. the case of the NASA Open Source Agreement, which requires the code to be "original" work.[3][4] The OSI does not endorse FSF license analysis (interpretation) as per their disclaimer.[5]
The FSF's Free Software Definition focuses on the user's unrestricted rights to use a program, to study and modify it, to copy it, and redistribute it for any purpose, which are considered by the FSF the four essential freedoms.[6][7] The OSI's open-source criteria focuses on the availability of the source code and the advantages of an unrestricted and community driven development model.[8] Yet, many FOSS licenses, like the Apache License, and all Free Software licenses allow commercial use of FOSS components.[9]
General comparison
For a simpler comparison across the most common licenses see free-software license comparison.
The following table compares various features of each license and is a general guide to the terms and conditions of each license, based on seven subjects or categories. Recent tools like the European Commissions' Joinup Licensing Assistant,[10] makes possible the licenses selection and comparison based on more than 40 subjects or categories, with access to their SPDX identifier and full text. The table below lists the permissions and limitations regarding the following subjects:
- Linking - linking of the licensed code with code licensed under a different license (e.g. when the code is provided as a library)
- Distribution - distribution of the code to third parties
- Modification - modification of the code by a licensee
- Patent grant - protection of licensees from patent claims made by code contributors regarding their contribution, and protection of contributors from patent claims made by licensees
- Private use - whether modification to the code must be shared with the community or may be used privately (e.g. internal use by a corporation)
- Sublicensing - whether modified code may be licensed under a different license (for example a copyright) or must retain the same license under which it was provided
- TM grant - use of trademarks associated with the licensed code or its contributors by a licensee
In this table, "permissive" means the software has minimal restrictions on how it can be used, modified, and redistributed, usually including a warranty disclaimer. "Copyleft" means the software requires that its source code be made publicly available and that all provisions in the license be preserved in derivative works.
Other licenses that don't have information:
| license | Author | Latest version | Publication date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eiffel Forum License | NICE | 2 | 2002 |
| Intel Open Source License | Intel Corporation | Шаблон:N/a | Шаблон:Dunno |
| RealNetworks Public Source License | RealNetworks | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno |
| Reciprocal Public License | Scott Shattuck | 1.5 | 2007 |
| Sun Industry Standards Source License | Sun Microsystems | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno |
| Sun Public License | Sun Microsystems | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno |
| Sybase Open Watcom Public License | Open Watcom | Шаблон:N/a | 2003-01-28 |
| Zope Public License | Zope Foundation | 2.1 | Шаблон:Dunno |
| Server Side Public License | MongoDB | 1.0 | 2018-10-16 |
Approvals
This table lists for each license what organizations from the FOSS community have approved itШаблон:Spaced ndashbe it as a "free software" or as an "open source" licenseШаблон:Spaced ndash, how those organizations categorize it, and the license compatibility between them for a combined or mixed derivative work. Organizations usually approve specific versions of software licenses. For instance, a FSF approval means that the Free Software Foundation (FSF) considers a license to be free-software license. The FSF recommends at least "Compatible with GPL" and preferably copyleft. The OSI recommends a mix of permissive and copyleft licenses, the Apache License 2.0, 2- & 3-clause BSD license, GPL, LGPL, MIT license, MPL 2.0, CDDL and EPL.
See also
- Free software
- Free-software license
- List of free and open-source software packages
- List of open-source hardware projects
- List of open-source video games
- Open-source license
- Open-source software
- Source-available software
References
- ↑ Open source licenses - Licenses by Name on opensource.org
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ "Relationship between the Free Software movement and Open Source movement", Free Software Foundation, Inc
- ↑ "What is Free Software", Free Software Foundation, Inc
- ↑ opensource.org/about "Open source is a development method for software that harnesses the power of distributed peer review and transparency of process. The promise of open source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility, lower cost, and an end to predatory vendor lock-in."
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 13,5 13,6 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 14,3 14,4 14,5 14,6 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 cc-by-4-0-and-cc-by-sa-4-0-added-to-our-list-of-free-licenses (2015)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 19,3 19,4 19,5 19,6 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 22,2 22,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 23,0 23,1 23,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 24,0 24,1 24,2 24,3 24,4 24,5 24,6 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 25,0 25,1 https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html : section 13 of the GNU AGPLv3 license
- ↑ 26,0 26,1 26,2 26,3 26,4 26,5 26,6 26,7 26,8 https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-howto.html : GNU licenses copyleft
- ↑ 27,0 27,1 27,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#IfLibraryIsGPL : If library is under GPLv3
- ↑ https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#LinkingWithGPL : Linking with the GNU GPLv3
- ↑ 30,0 30,1 30,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html : the section 4 of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
- ↑ 32,0 32,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 33,0 33,1 33,2 33,3 33,4 33,5 33,6 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 34,0 34,1 34,2 34,3 34,4 34,5 34,6 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 48,0 48,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Are GPLv2 and CDDL incompatible? on hansenpartnership.com by James E.J. Bottomley "What the above analysis shows is that even though we presumed combination of GPLv2 and CDDL works to be a technical violation, there's no way actually to prosecute such a violation because we can’t develop a convincing theory of harm resulting. Because this makes it impossible to take the case to court, effectively it must be concluded that the combination of GPLv2 and CDDL, provided you’re following a GPLv2 compliance regime for all the code, is allowable." (23 February 2016)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ GPL Violations Related to Combining ZFS and Linux on sfconservancy.org by Bradley M. Kuhn and Karen M. Sandler (February 25, 2016)
- ↑ 58,0 58,1 58,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 62,0 62,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ https://www.gnu.org/licenses/ : "We use only licenses that are compatible with the GNU GPL for GNU software."
- ↑ 66,0 66,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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