Английская Википедия:Comparison of memory cards
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Шаблон:Short description This table provides summary of comparison of various flash memory cards, Шаблон:As of.
Common information
- Unless otherwise indicated, all images are to scale.
Card family | Standards organizations | Varieties | Entry date | Maximum commercially available capacity | Picture[1] | Main features |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CompactFlash | SanDisk | I | 1994 | 512 GB (CF5 Шаблон:Nowrap | Файл:Compactflash-512mb.png | Thinner (3.3 mm), flash only, now up to 512 GB, although standard goes up to 128 PB since CF 5.0[2] |
II | Thicker (5.0 mm), older flash, but usually Microdrives, up to 128 PiB[2] | |||||
CFexpress | CompactFlash Association | 1.0 | 2017 | 1 TB | Файл:Delkin CFexpress.png | CFexpress Type B: XQD form factor (38.5x29.8x3.8mm), PCIe 3.0 x2 (1.97 GB/s), NVMe |
2.0 | 2019 | ? | CFexpress Type A: 20x28x2.8mm, PCIe 3.0 x1 (1.0 GB/s), NVMeШаблон:CN
CFexpress Type C: 54x74x4.8mm, PCIe 3.0 x4 (4.0 GB/s), NVMeШаблон:CN | |||
- | - | - | - | PCIe 3.0 x8 (8,0 GB/s), NVMe | ||
SmartMedia | Toshiba | 3.3/5 V | 1995 | 128 MB | Файл:Smartmedia card.jpg | Very slim (45.0×37.0×0.76 mm), no wear leveling controller, up to 128 MB. This particular example shows the write protect sticker (the silver disc). |
MultiMediaCard | Siemens AG, SanDisk | MMC | 1997 | 16 GB | Файл:MMC.png | Slim and small (24×32×1.4 mm), up to 16 GB |
RS-MMC/MMC Mobile | 2003/2005 | 16 GB | Файл:RS-MMC.png | Compact (24×18×1.4 mm), up to 16 GB | ||
MMCplus | 2005 | 16 GB | Файл:MMCplus.jpg | Compact (24×32×1.4 mm), swifter, optional DRM, up to 16 GB | ||
MMCmicro | 2005 | 4 GB | Файл:Mmc-micro.PNG | Subcompact (14×12×1.1 mm), optional DRM, 16 MB to 4 GB | ||
Secure Digital | SanDisk, Panasonic, Toshiba, Kodak, SD Association | SD | 1999 | 2 GB[3] | Файл:Secure Digital Kingston 512MB.png | Small (32×24×2.1 mm), DRM, up to 2 GB.[3] (2 GB cards use larger block sizes and may not be compatible with some host devices. See Article) |
miniSD | 2003 | 2 GB[3] | Файл:MiniSD Card 256MB.png | Compact (15×11×1 mm), DRM, up to 2 GB.[3] (2 GB cards use larger block sizes and may not be compatible with some host devices. See Article) | ||
microSD | 2005 | 2 GB[3] | Файл:MicroSD card.jpg | Subcompact (15×11×1 mm), DRM, up to 2 GB.[3] (2 GB cards use larger block sizes and may not be compatible with some host devices. See Article) | ||
SDHC | 2006 | 32 GB[3] | Файл:SDHC memory card 8GB.png | Same build as SD but greater capacity and transfer speed, 4 GB to 32 GB (not compatible with older host devices). | ||
miniSDHC | 2008 | 32 GB[3] | Файл:SecureDigitalCard Mini.svg | Same build as miniSD but greater capacity and transfer speed, 4 GB to 32 GB. 8 GB is largest in early-2011 (not compatible with older host devices). | ||
microSDHC | 2007 | 32 GB[3] | Файл:MicroSDHC-Card.gif | Same build as microSD but greater capacity and transfer speed, 4 GB to 32 GB.[4] (not compatible with older host devices) | ||
SDXC | 2009 | 1 TB | Файл:Crystal128-sd-mmc-unmount.svg | Same build as SD/SDHC, but greater capacity and transfer speed, 32 GB and higher. Standard goes up to 2 TB (not compatible with older host devices). | ||
microSDXC | 2009 | 2 TB[5] | Файл:MicroSD Card Bottom.svg | Same build as microSD/microSDHC, but greater capacity and transfer speed, 32 GB and higher. Standard goes up to 2 TB (not compatible with older host devices). | ||
SDUC | 2018 | not yet available | Файл:Crystal128-sd-mmc-unmount.svg | Same build as SD/SDHC/SDXC, but greater capacity and transfer speed. Standard goes up to 128 TB (not compatible with older host devices). | ||
Memory Stick | Sony, SanDisk | Standard | 1998 | 128 MB | Файл:Memory Stick 64MB.png | Slim and narrow (50×21.5×2.8 mm), optional DRM, up to 128 MB |
PRO | 2003 | 4 GB | Файл:Memory stick.jpg (not to scale) |
Slim and narrow (50×21.5×2.8 mm), swifter, optional DRM, up to 4 GB | ||
Duo | 2003 | 128 MB | Файл:MemoryStickDuo32MB.jpg | Compact (31×20×1.6 mm), optional DRM, up to 128 MB | ||
PRO Duo | 2002-2006 | 32 GB | Файл:MS-PRO-DUO.JPG | Compact (31×20×1.6 mm), optional DRM, up to 32 GB | ||
PRO-HG Duo | 2007-2008 | 32 GB | Файл:SDMSHX3-008G-J31.jpg | Compact (31×20×1.6 mm), swifter, optional DRM, up to 32 GB | ||
Micro (M2) | 2006 | 16 GB | Файл:Sony Memory Stick Micro M2 - 1GB-0423.jpg | Subcompact (15×12.5×1.2 mm), optional DRM, up to 16 GB | ||
Sony | PS Vita Memory Card | 2012 | 64 GB | Файл:Sony Playstation Vita Memory Card 16GB.jpg | Subcompact (15×12.5×1.6 mm[6]), compulsory DRM, up to 64 GB, proprietary (can be used on PS Vita only) | |
P2 (storage media) | Panasonic | MicroP2 | 2012 | 64 GB | MicroP2 is a SDXC/SDHC card conforming to UHS-II (Ultra High Speed bus), and can be read by common SDHC/SDXC card readers. | |
xD | Olympus, Fujifilm, Sony | Standard | 2002-2007 | 512 MB | Файл:XD card 16M Fujifilm front.png | Slim and small (20×25×1.78 mm), electrically identical to SmartMedia, no wear-leveling controller, up to 512 MB[7] |
Type M | 2005 | 2 GB | Файл:XD card typeM 1G Fujifilm.png | Slim and small (20×25×1.78 mm) but slower read/write, no wear-leveling controller, up to 2 GB[7] | ||
Type H | 2005 | 2 GB | Файл:XD card typeH 512M Olympus.png | Slim and small (20×25×1.78 mm) and swifter, no wear-leveling controller, up to 2 GB[7] | ||
XQD card | Sony & Nikon | Standard | 2011-2012 | >2 TB | Файл:DS7 4260 PK.jpg | High-capacity, high-speed standard using PCIe as interface |
Universal Flash Storage Card Extensions | Samsung | UFS Card | 2016 | >256 GB | Packages the flash memory, currently soldered in shipping smartphones, into a removable card form factor. Uses the SCSI command set including queuing. The electrical interface makes use of differential signaling, which enables high bus speeds and robustness under noisy conditions and reduced pin count (compared to parallel bus alternatives such as UHS-I). | |
USB flash drive | Various | USB 1.1/2.0/3.0/3.1 | 2000/2001 | 1 TB+ | Файл:Geil David 1GB AB.jpg (not to scale) |
Universally compatible across most non-mobile computer platforms, their greater size suits them better to file transfer/storage instead of use in portable devices |
Physical details
Note that a memory card's dimensions are determined while holding the card with contact pins upwards. The length of cards is often greater than their width. Most cards show a directional arrow to aid insertion; such an arrow should be upward.
Card | Width (mm) | Length (mm) | Thickness (mm) | Volume (mm³) | Mass (g)[8] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CompactFlash, Type I | 43.0 | 36.0 | 3.3 | 5,108 | 3.3 |
CompactFlash, Type II | 43.0 | 36.0 | 5.0 | 7,740 | |
SmartMedia | 37.0 | 45.0 | 0.76 | 1,265 | 2.0 |
MMC, MMCplus | 24.0 | 32.0 | 1.4 | 1,075 | 1.3[9] |
RS-MMC, MMCmobile | 24.0 | 18.0 | 1.4 | 605 | 1.3 |
MMCmicro | 14.0 | 12.0 | 1.1 | 185 | |
SD, SDHC, SDXC, SDIO, MicroP2 | 24.0 | 32.0 | 2.1 | 1,613 | 2.0 |
miniSD, miniSDHC, miniSDIO | 20.0 | 21.5 | 1.4 | 602 | 1.0 |
microSD, microSDHC, microSDXC | 11.0 | 15.0 | 1.0 | 165 | 0.27 |
Memory Stick Standard, PRO | 21.5 | 50.0 | 2.8 | 3,010 | 4.0 |
Memory Stick Duo, PRO Duo, PRO-HG, XC | 20.0 | 31.0 | 1.6 | 992 | 2.0 |
Memory Stick Micro (M2), XC | 12.5 | 15.0 | 1.2 | 225 | 2.0 |
Nano Memory | 12.3[10] | 8.8 | 0.7 | 76 | |
PS Vita Memory Card | 15 | 12.5 | 1.6 | 300 | 0.6[6] |
XQD card | 38.5 | 29.8 | 3.8 | 4,360 | |
xD | 25.0 | 20.0 | 1.78 | 890 | 2.8 |
USB | varies | varies | varies | varies | varies |
Speed comparison
Standard | SD | UFS Card | CFast | XQD | CFexpress | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Version | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 7.0[11] | 1.0/1.1 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | ? |
Launched | 2010 Q2 | 2011 Q1 | 2017 Q1 | ? | 2016 Q2 / 2018 Q1 | 2020 Q4 | 2008 Q3 | 2012 Q3 | 2011 Q4 | 2014 Q1 | 2017 Q2 | ? |
Bus | UHS-I | UHS-II | UHS-III | PCIe | UFS 2.0 | UFS 3.0 | SATA-300 | SATA-600 | PCIe 2.0 x1 | PCIe 2.0 x2 | PCIe 3.0 x2 | PCIe 3.0 x8 |
Speed
(full-duplex) |
104 MB/s | 156 MB/s | 624 MB/s | 1970 MB/s (?) | 600 MB/s | 1200 MB/s | 300 MB/s | 600 MB/s | 500 MB/s | 1000 MB/s | 1970 MB/s | 7880 MB/s |
Technical details
Card | Varieties | Max storage capacity (nom. in GiB) | Theoretical max. capacity (nom. in GiB) | Max read speed (MB/s) | Max write speed (MB/s) | Read-write cycles | Low-level access | Operating voltage (V)[12] | Controller chip[13] | # of pins |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CompactFlash | I | 512 | 128 PiB[2] (134,217,728 GiB) |
167[14] | 167[14] | NOR/NAND | 3.3 and 5 | rowspan="2" Шаблон:Yes | 50 | |
II | 12Шаблон:Citation needed | 128 PiB[2] (134,217,728 GiB) |
167[14] | 167[14] | ||||||
SmartMedia | 128 MiB (0.125 GiB) |
2 | 1,000,000 | NAND | 3.3 or 5 | Шаблон:No | 22 | |||
MMC | MMC | 8 | 128 | 2 | 2 | 1,000,000[15] | 3.3 | rowspan="5" Шаблон:Yes | 7 | |
RS-MMC | 2 | 2[16] | 2[16] | 3.3 | 7 | |||||
MMCmobile | 2 | 15[17] | 8[17] | 1.8 and 3.3 | 13 | |||||
MMCplus | 4[18] | 52[19] | 52[19] | 3.3 | 13 | |||||
MMCmicro | 2 | 1.8 and 3.3 | 10[20] | |||||||
eMMC | 2 TiB (2048 GiB) |
104 | 104 | 1.8 and 3.3 | rowspan="1" Шаблон:Yes | Varies | ||||
Secure Digital[21] | SD (SDSC) | 512 | 4 | 25[22] | 25 | 3.3 | rowspan="3" Шаблон:Yes | 9 | ||
miniSD | 8 | 25 | 25 | 11 | ||||||
microSD | 4 | 25 | 25 | 8 | ||||||
SDHC | 32[23] | 32 | 104 (UHS-I) | 104 (UHS-I) | 1.8 and 3.3 | rowspan="3" Шаблон:Yes | 9 | |||
miniSDHC | 4[24] | 104 (UHS-I) | 104 (UHS-I) | 11 | ||||||
microSDHC | 32[4] | 104 (UHS-I) | 104 (UHS-I) | 8 | ||||||
SDXC | 512[25] | 2 TiB (2048 GiB) |
104 (UHS-I) | 104 | 2.7–3.6[26] | rowspan="2" Шаблон:Yes | 9 | |||
microSDXC | 1 TiB [27] | 104 (UHS-I) | 104 (UHS-I) | 8 | ||||||
Memory Stick | Standard | 128 MiB (0.125 GiB) |
128 MiB (0.125 GiB) |
2.5 | 1.8 | 3.3 | rowspan="6" Шаблон:Yes | 10 | ||
PRO | 4 | 2 TiB (2048 GiB) |
20 | 20 | 3.3 | |||||
PRO Duo | 32[28] | 20 | 20 | 3.3 | ||||||
PRO-HG Duo | 32[29] | 30 (actual;[30] theoretical: 60[31]) |
30 (actual;[30] theoretical: 60[31]) | 3.3 | ||||||
Micro (M2) | 16[32] | 32 | 20 | 20 | 1.8 and 3.3 | |||||
xC | 2 TiB (2048 GiB) |
60 | 60 | 3.3 | ||||||
xD | 512 MiB (0.5 GiB) |
512 MiB (0.5 GiB) |
5 | 3 | 3.3 | rowspan="4" Шаблон:No | 18 | |||
Type M | 2 | 8 | 4 | 2.5 | ||||||
Type H | 2 | 8 | 5 | 4 | ||||||
Type M+ | 2 | 8 | 6 | 3.75 | ||||||
XQD | 64 | 2+ TiB (2+ GiB) |
168 | 168 | 5 | |||||
USB | Full speed (USB 1) | 2048[33] (2 TiB) |
No hardware limit | 1 | 1 | 5 | rowspan="3" Шаблон:Yes | 4 | ||
High speed (USB 2.0) | 40 | 40 | ||||||||
Super speed (USB 3.0) | 240 | 160 |
Consumer details
Card | Write protection switchШаблон:Hsp[34] | DRM |
---|---|---|
CompactFlash | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:No Y |
SmartMedia | Шаблон:Partial, sticker | Шаблон:Partial (optional) |
MMC, RS-MMC | rowspan="2" Шаблон:No | Шаблон:No Y |
MMCMobile | Шаблон:Yes N, secureMMC | |
SD | Шаблон:YesШаблон:Hsp[35][36] | rowspan="3" Шаблон:Yes N, CPRM |
miniSD | Шаблон:No | |
microSD | Шаблон:No | |
Memory Stick Standard, PRO | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Optional, MagicGate |
Memory Stick Duo, PRO Duo | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Optional, MagicGate |
Memory Stick PRO-HG Duo | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Optional, MagicGate |
Memory Stick Micro (M2) | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Optional, MagicGate |
PS Vita Memory Card | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Yes N, Proprietary |
xD | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:PartialШаблон:Hsp[37] |
USB | Sometimes | Шаблон:No Y |
Compatibility
The following chart gives details on availability of adapters to put a given card (horizontal) in a given slot or device (vertical). This table does not take into account protocol issues in communicating with the device.
Following labels are used:
- + (native) – A slot is native for such card.
- D (Directly compatible) – A card may be used in such a slot directly, without any adapters. Best possible compatibility.
- M (requires a Mechanical adapter) – Such adapter is only a physical enclosure to fit one card sized into another; all electrical pins are exactly the same.
- EM (requires an Electro-Mechanical adapter) – Such adapter features both physical enclosure and pins re-routing as terminals are sufficiently different. No powered elements in such adapter exists, thus they're very cheap and easy to manufacture and may be supplied as a bonus for every such card.
- E (requires an Electronic adapter enclosure) – These adapters must have components—potentially requiring external power—that transform signals, as well as physical enclosure and pin routing.
- X (requires an eXternal adapter) – Technically the same as E, but such adapter usually consists of 2 parts: a pseudo-card with pin routing and physical enclosure size that perfectly match the target slot and a break-out box (a card reader) that holds a real card. Such adapter is the least comfortable to use.
- XM (requires an eXternal electro-mechanical adapter) – Technically the same as EM, but such adapter usually consists of 2 parts: a pseudo-card with pin routing and physical enclosure size that perfectly match the target slot and a break-out box (a card reader) that holds a real card. Such adapter is the least comfortable to use.
- Empty cell – Card cannot be used in such slot, no single adapter is known to exist. Sometimes a chain of adapters can help (for example, miniSD→CF as miniSD→SD→CF).
rowspan="2" Шаблон:Diagonal split header 2 | CF | CFast | SM | MMC | Memory Stick | SDSC | SDHC | SDXC | xD | XQD | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | MMC | RS-MMC, MMCmobile | Std | PRO | PRO Duo | Micro | SDSC | miniSD | microSD | SDHC | miniSDHC | microSDHC | SDXC | microSDXC | Std | M | H | ||||
ExpressCard | E[38] | E[38] | E[39] | E[40] | E[40] | E[39] | E[39] | E[39] | E[41] | E[39] | E[39] | E[39] | EM | |||||||||
PCI Express Mini Card | EM | |||||||||||||||||||||
mSATA | XM | |||||||||||||||||||||
PC Card | EM[42] | EM[42] | E[43] | E[44] | E[44] | E[44] | E[44] | |||||||||||||||
PCMCIA | EM[42] | EM[42] | E[43] | E[44] | E[44] | E[44] | E[44] | |||||||||||||||
CF I | + | + | E | E[45] | E[46] | E[46] | E[47] | E[45] | E[48] | E[48] | E[48] | |||||||||||
CF II | + | E | E[45] | E[46] | E[46] | E[45] | E[48] | E[48] | E[48] | |||||||||||||
CFast | + | |||||||||||||||||||||
SM | + | X[49] | X[49] | X[49] | ||||||||||||||||||
xD | E[50] | + | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
XQD | + | |||||||||||||||||||||
MMC | + | M | D[51] | |||||||||||||||||||
MS | X[52] | + | + | M | M | X[52] | X[52] | E[53] | ||||||||||||||
SDSC | D | M | + | EM | EM | |||||||||||||||||
miniSD | + | EM | ||||||||||||||||||||
microSD | + | |||||||||||||||||||||
SDHC | D[54] | EM | EM | + | EM | EM | ||||||||||||||||
miniSDHC | D[54] | EM | + | EM | ||||||||||||||||||
microSDHC | D[54] | + | ||||||||||||||||||||
SDXC | uscb | D[55] | EM | EM | D[55] | EM | EM | + | EM | |||||||||||||
microSDXC | D[55] | D[55] | + | |||||||||||||||||||
IDE PATA | EM[56] | EM[56] | E[57][58] | |||||||||||||||||||
Serial ATA | E[59] | E[59] | EM | |||||||||||||||||||
PCI Express | EM | |||||||||||||||||||||
USB | X[60] | X[60] | X[60] | X[60] | X[60] | X[60] | E[61] | E[61] | E[62] | E[63] | X[60] | X[60] | X[60] | X | ||||||||
Floppy | E[64] | E | E + M | E | E | |||||||||||||||||
Nintendo DS Slot-1 | E[65] | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nintendo DS Slot-2 | E[66] | E[66] | E[66] |
References
External links
- GumstixDocsWiki Frequently Asked Questions: Are SD cards interchangeable with MMC cards?
- Types of Memory Cards
- USB mass storage device class: Mass Storage device class specification 1.4 Date: Feb 19, 2010 — on the site of the USB Implementers Forum.
- ↑ Pictures are given in relative scales; they're sized to be WYSIWYG when viewing using 81 PPI monitor.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 CompactFlash Association announces CF 5.0 standard supporting up to 128 PiB of storage Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,7 3,8 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 FUJIFILM Global | xD-Picture Card and Adapters Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Plexus Outbursts specifications Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Apacer's MMC specifications Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Voltage table at All Memory Cards, note that some cards support both voltages (and), and some cards are available in distinct versions (or)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 14,3 CompactFlash Specification Rev. 6.0 Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ ACP-EP Specifications Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 ACP-EP RS-MMC card features list Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 ACP-EP MMCmobile card features list Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Transcend MMCplus 4 GiB
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 MMC transferred at up to 52 MiB/s Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Transcend MMCmicro card (TS128MMCM) datasheet
- ↑ Maximum transfer speed is not defined by SD standards. Bus speeds are quoted.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ New 4 GiB miniSDHC card Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ http://www.sonystyle.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10551&storeId=10151&langId=-1&productId=8198552921666322869&tab=featuresTab Шаблон:Dead link
- ↑ 30,0 30,1 Sony Introduces Faster MS Pro HG Duo Card Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ 31,0 31,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Some early SD cards may not have a write protection switch.
- ↑ The write protect switch signals to the host, which is responsible for write protection. The write protect switch is not connected to the internal circuitry of the card. (SD Card Simplified Physical Layer Specification Шаблон:Webarchive)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 38,0 38,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 39,0 39,1 39,2 39,3 39,4 39,5 39,6 DataFab EXP 12 in 2 Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ 40,0 40,1 DataFab exp 12 in 1 Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ DataFab exp M2+microSD Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ 42,0 42,1 42,2 42,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 43,0 43,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 44,0 44,1 44,2 44,3 44,4 44,5 44,6 44,7 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 45,0 45,1 45,2 45,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 46,0 46,1 46,2 46,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 48,0 48,1 48,2 48,3 48,4 48,5 Olympus MACF-10 xD-to-CompactFlash adapter Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ 49,0 49,1 49,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ In March 2008, Olympus started shipping the MASD-1 microSD-to-xD adapter along with its latest compact digital cameras, with a shape designed to fit only in those latest cameras Шаблон:Webarchive. The physical adapter is in fact purely electromechanical, although the xD and SD protocols are completely incompatible. This demonstrates that the cameras themselves must understand the SD protocol, and thus the adapter is more properly termed an electronic adapter, with the electronic logic contained in the camera rather than the physical accessory.
- ↑ SD cards are usually thicker than MMC ones, and although it uses perfectly compatible pins, not every MMC slot may allow thick SD card to be inserted
- ↑ 52,0 52,1 52,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ KingMax microSD to MS PRO Duo AdapterШаблон:Dead link
- ↑ 54,0 54,1 54,2 SDHC devices are backward-compatible with normal SD cards. (Шаблон:Cite web)
- ↑ 55,0 55,1 55,2 55,3 SDXC devices are backward-compatible with SD and SDHC cards. (Шаблон:Cite web)
- ↑ 56,0 56,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Star Empery PT110 SD Card To ATA IDE 3.5 inch Hard Drive Adapter
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 59,0 59,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 60,0 60,1 60,2 60,3 60,4 60,5 60,6 60,7 60,8 There are many USB-connected "n-in-1" memory card readers, for example Belkin's "Hi-Speed USB 2.0 15-in-1 Media Reader & Writer".
- ↑ 61,0 61,1 MS Duo and M2 adapters have appeared in the last 12 months which look like USB memory sticks
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ A-Data microSD to USB Adapter Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ DCRP Special Report: FlashPath Adapter Шаблон:Webarchive by Tom Beardmore
- ↑ R4 microSD to NDS Slot-1 Adapter Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ 66,0 66,1 66,2 Supercard to NDS Slot-2 Adapter Шаблон:Webarchive