Английская Википедия:Comparison of operating system kernels
A kernel is a component of a computer operating system.[1] A comparison of system kernels can provide insight into the design and architectural choices made by the developers of particular operating systems.
Comparison criteria
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of widely used and currently available operating system kernels. Please see the individual products' articles for further information.
Even though there are a large number and variety of available Linux distributions, all of these kernels are grouped under a single entry in these tables, due to the differences among them being of the patch level. See comparison of Linux distributions for a detailed comparison. Linux distributions that have highly modified kernels — for example, real-time computing kernels — should be listed separately. There are also a wide variety of minor BSD operating systems, many of which can be found at comparison of BSD operating systems.
The tables specifically do not include subjective viewpoints on the merits of each kernel or operating system.
Feature overview
The major contemporary general-purpose kernels are shown in comparison. Only an overview of the technical features is detailed.
Transport protocol support
In-kernel security
In-kernel virtualization
In-kernel server support
Binary format support
A comparison of OS support for different binary formats (executables):
File system support
Physical file systems:
Networked file system support
Supported CPU instruction sets and microarchitectures
Supported GPU processors
| Kernel name | Intel | NVIDIA | AMD | ARM | Qualcomm | Imagination Technologies | Broadcom | VeriSilicon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intel HD/Iris Graphics | GeForce/Quadro/Tesla | Radeon | Mali | Adreno | PowerVR | VideoCore4 | Vivante | |
| Linux kernel | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Partial[35][36] | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes |
| Windows NT kernel | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:? | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes[37] | Шаблон:No[38] | Шаблон:Yes |
| XNU | colspan=3 Шаблон:Partial | Шаблон:Partial | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Partial | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:No |
Supported kernel execution environment
This table indicates, for each kernel, what operating systems' executable images and device drivers can be run by that kernel.
Supported cipher algorithms
This may be usable on some situations like file system encrypting.
Supported compression algorithms
This may be usable on some situations like compression file system.
| Kernel name | Deflate | zlib | LZO | LZJB | gzip | zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes |
| NetBSD kernel | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes |
| Solaris kernel | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Dunno |
Supported message digest algorithms
Supported Bluetooth protocols
| Kernel name | Шаблон:Abbr | Шаблон:Abbr | Шаблон:Abbr | Шаблон:Abbr | Шаблон:Abbr | Шаблон:Abbr | Шаблон:Abbr | Шаблон:Abbr | Шаблон:Abbr | Шаблон:Abbr | Шаблон:Abbr | Шаблон:Abbr | CMTP | HIDP | HCRP | CAPI | PPP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FreeBSD kernel | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno |
| Linux | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno |
| macOS XNU Kernel | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno |
| Kernel name | ACL | SCO | LMP | HCI | L2CAP | BNEP | RFComm. | SDP | TCP | AVTCP | AVDTP | OBEX | CMTP | HIDP | HCRP | CAPI | PPP |
Audio support
| Kernel name | Audio system | in-kernel mixer | in-kernel filter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:? | Шаблон:? |
| Windows NT kernel | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Yes |
| FreeBSD kernel | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:? |
| NetBSD kernel | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:? |
See also
- Comparison of open-source operating systems
- Comparison of Linux distributions
- Comparison of BSD operating systems
- Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
- List of operating systems
- Comparison of file systems
- Comparison of operating systems
Footnotes
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ IBM PC Real Time Clock should run in UT
- ↑ The Amiga hardware lacked support for memory protection, so the strong isolation goals of the microkernel design could not be achieved.Шаблон:Citation needed
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Supports ELF since version 3.2.0 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 a.out will be phased out in coming releases. Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Commit to remove a.out utils from minix; only supports running a.out now. Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ doc/Documentation/networking/tls.txt kernel.org
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 Integrated Load Balancer
- ↑ AmigaOS up to version 3.9 could use the ELF format for PowerPC executables and libraries through ppc.library, also known as PowerUP. AmigaOS 4, uses ELF as its native executable format.
- ↑ The Linux kernel can recognize PE binaries through binfmt_misc and run them using Wine
- ↑ to support SunOS 4.x binaries
- ↑ including a Linux compatibility option
- ↑ The Solaris kernel can PE using Wine
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 22,2 experimental and dangerous write support
- ↑ write support currently broken
- ↑ 24,0 24,1 24,2 24,3 24,4 24,5 ReactOS Wiki - File Systems
- ↑ 25,0 25,1 additional driver needed - see https://github.com/maharmstone/btrfs
- ↑ additional driver needed - see http://www.fs-driver.org/
- ↑ 27,0 27,1 additional driver needed - see http://www.ext2fsd.com Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ 28,0 28,1 additional driver needed
- ↑ 29,0 29,1 Third party module required. Mac OS X Kernel Module available here
- ↑ 30,0 30,1 30,2 30,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 31,0 31,1 31,2 31,3 31,4 31,5 31,6 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 32,0 32,1 32,2 32,3 32,4 NetBSD Projects - Support for MMU-less systems
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 34,0 34,1 34,2 34,3 34,4 34,5 34,6 34,7 34,8 34,9 Official FreeRTOS Ports, Amazon Web Services, Inc.
- ↑ The GMA500 GPU has a PowerVR in it. The GMA500 Kconfig, mention that it is a 2D KMS driver.
- ↑ There is also a driver for the dreamcast PowerVR but it is only a Framebuffer driver as explained in the fbdev Kconfig
- ↑ Intel Atom integrated graphics card for Windows 8 tablet is based on a PowerVR
- ↑ Raspberry VideoCore 4 support on Windows Microsoft doesn't have plan for OpenGL on UWP also Broadcom doesn't have plan for DirectX
- ↑ 39,0 39,1 39,2 Linux emulation in FreeBSD - 2 A look inside...
- ↑ 40,0 40,1 40,2 40,3 40,4 40,5 40,6 40,7 40,8 40,9 NetBSD Binary Emulation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/crypto/rmd128.c Шаблон:Dead link
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/crypto/rmd256.c Шаблон:Dead link
- ↑ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/crypto/rmd320.c Шаблон:Dead link
- ↑ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/crypto/tgr192.c Шаблон:Dead link
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
