Английская Википедия:Comparison of platform virtualization software
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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Platform virtualization software, specifically emulators and hypervisors, are software packages that emulate the whole physical computer machine, often providing multiple virtual machines on one physical platform. The table below compares basic information about platform virtualization hypervisors.
General
| Name | Creator | Host CPU | Guest CPU | Host OS | Guest OS | License |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bhyve | FreeBSD | x86-64 | x86, x86-64 | FreeBSD, Illumos | FreeBSD, FreeNAS, pfSense, OpenBSD, Linux, Windows, Illumos[1] | Шаблон:Open source |
| Bochs | Kevin J. Lawton | Any | x86, x86-64 | Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, Unix/X11, Шаблон:Nowrap, macOS, BeOS, MorphOS, OS/2[2][3] | Windows, Linux, DOS, BSD, OS/2, Haiku | Шаблон:Open source |
| Containers, or Zones | Sun Microsystems | x86, x86-64, SPARC (portable: not tied to hardware) | Same as host | Solaris 10, Solaris 11, OpenSolaris 2009.06, illumos distributions | Solaris (8, 9, 10, 11), illumos, Linux (BrandZ) | Шаблон:Open source |
| Cooperative Linux (coLinux) | Dan Aloni, other developers | x86 | Same as host | Windows 2000, XP, 2003, Vista | Linux | Шаблон:Open source |
| CHARON | Stromasys | x86, x86-64 | PDP-11, VAX, Alpha, HP3000, Sparc | Windows, Linux | VMS, OpenVMS, Tru64 UNIX, MPE/iX, RSX-11, RT11, RSTS, Solaris, SunOS | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| Denali | University of Washington | x86 | x86 | Denali | Ilwaco, NetBSD | Шаблон:Unk |
| DOSBox | Peter Veenstra, Sjoerd with community | Any | x86 | Linux, Windows, classic Mac OS, macOS, BeOS, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, QNX, IRIX, MorphOS, AmigaOS, Maemo, Symbian | Internally emulated DOS shell; classic PC booter games, unofficially Windows 1.0 to 98 | Шаблон:Open source |
| DOSEMU | Community project | x86, x86-64 | x86 | Linux | DOS | Шаблон:Open source |
| FreeBSD Jail | Poul-Henning Kamp / FreeBSD | Any running FreeBSD or DragonFly BSD | Same as host | FreeBSD, DragonFly BSD | same as host (shared *BSD kernel), plus Linux ABI through compat layer | Шаблон:Open source |
| GXemul | Anders Gavare | Any | ARM, MIPS, Motorola 88000, PowerPC, SuperH | Unix-like | NetBSD, OpenBSD, Linux, Ultrix, Sprite | Шаблон:Open source |
| Hercules | Roger Bowler | Any | z/Architecture | Windows, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Linux, macOS | Linux on IBM Z, z/OS, z/VM, z/VSE, OS/360, DOS/360, DOS/VS, MVS, VM/370, TSS/370 | Шаблон:Open source |
| Hyper-V (2008) | Microsoft | x86-64 with Intel VT-x or AMD-V | x86-64, x86 (up to 8 physical CPUs) | Windows Server 2008 (R2) w/Hyper-V role, Microsoft Hyper-V Server | Supported drivers for Windows 2000, Windows 2003, Windows 2008, Windows XP, Windows Vista, FreeBSD, Linux (SUSE 10 released, more announced) | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| Hyper-V (2012) | Microsoft | x86-64 with Intel VT-x or AMD-V, ARMv8[4] | x86-64, (up to 64 physical CPUs), ARMv8 | Windows 8, 8.1, 10, and Windows Server 2012 (R2) w/Hyper-V role, Microsoft Hyper-V Server | Supported drivers for Windows NT, FreeBSD, Linux (SUSE 10, RHEL 6, CentOS 6) | Шаблон:Proprietary. Component of various Windows editions. |
| iCore Virtual Accounts | iCore Software | x86 | x86 | Windows XP | Windows XP | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| INTEGRITY | Green Hills Software | ARM, x86, PowerPC | Same as host | Linux, Windows | INTEGRITY native, Linux, Android, AUTOSAR, Windows (on some platforms) | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| Integrity Virtual Machines | Hewlett-Packard | IA-64 | IA-64 | HP-UX | HP-UX, Windows, Linux (OpenVMS announced) | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| JPC (Virtual Machine) | University of Oxford | Any running the Java Virtual Machine | x86 | Java Virtual Machine | DOS, Linux, Windows up to 3.0 | Шаблон:Open source |
| KVM | Qumranet, now Red Hat | x86, x86-64, IA-64, with x86 virtualization, s390, PowerPC,[5] ARM[6] | Same as host | Linux, FreeBSD, illumos | FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, Windows, Plan 9 | Шаблон:Open source |
| Linux-VServer | Community project | x86, x86-64, IA-64, Alpha, PowerPC 64, PA-RISC 64, SPARC64, ARM, S/390, SH/66, MIPS | Compatible | Linux | Linux variants | Шаблон:Open source |
| LynxSecure | LynuxWorks | x86 | x86 | No host OS | LynxOS, Linux, Windows | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| LXC | Community project, Canonical Ltd. | x86, x86-64, IA-64, PowerPC 64, SPARC64, Itanium, ARM | Same as host | Linux | Linux variants | Шаблон:Open source |
| OKL4 Microvisor | Open Kernel Labs, acquired by General Dynamics Corporation | ARM, x86, MIPS | ARM (v5, v6, v7, v8; paravirtualization), ARMv7VE (hardware virtualization) | No Host OS | Various OSes and RTOSes including Linux, Android, QNX | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| OpenVZ | Community project, supported by SWsoft, now Parallels, Inc. | x86, x86-64, IA-64, PowerPC 64, SPARC64 | Same as host | Linux | same as host (shared Linux kernel), choice of userland distribution | Шаблон:Open source |
| Oracle VM Server for x86 | Oracle Corporation | x86, x86-64 | x86, x86-64 | No host OS | Microsoft Windows, Oracle Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Solaris | Шаблон:Open source, Oracle VM Server; Manager is proprietary |
| OVPsim | OVP | x86 | OR1K, MIPS32, ARC600/700, ARM; and public API which enables users to write custom processor models, RISC, CISC, DSP, VLIW all possible | Microsoft Windows, Linux | Depends on target machine, for example includes MIPS Malta that runs Linux or SMP-Linux; and includes public API which enables users to write custom peripheral and system models | Шаблон:Proprietary, Apache 2.0 for models |
| Parallels Desktop for Mac | Parallels, Inc. | x86 | x86, x86-64, aarch64 | macOS | DOS, Windows, Linux, macOS, FreeBSD, OS/2, eComStation, Solaris, Haiku | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| Parallels Workstation (discontinued 2013) | Parallels, Inc. | x86 | x86 | Windows, Linux | Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, OS/2, eComStation, DOS, Solaris, Haiku | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| PearPC | Sebastian Biallas | x86, x86-64, PowerPC | PowerPC | Windows, Linux, Шаблон:Nowrap, FreeBSD, NetBSD | Шаблон:Nowrap, Darwin, Linux | Шаблон:Open source |
| PikeOS | SYSGO AG | PowerPC, x86, ARM, MIPS, SPARC, SuperH | Same as host | No host OS, Linux or Windows as dev. hosts | PikeOS native, Linux, POSIX, AUTOSAR, Android, RTEMS, OSEK, ARINC 653 APEX, ITRON | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| Proxmox VE | Proxmox | x86-64 | x86, x86-64 | Debian Based | Windows, Linux, Linux variants, Solaris, FreeBSD, OSx86 (as FreeBSD), virtual appliances, Netware, OS/2, SCO, BeOS, Haiku, Darwin | Шаблон:Open source |
| Oracle VM Server for SPARC (LDoms) | Oracle Corporation | UltraSPARC T1, UltraSPARC T2, UltraSPARC T2+, SPARC T3, SPARC T4 | Compatible | Solaris 10, Solaris 11 | Oracle support: Solaris; unsupported: Linux, FreeBSD | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| PowerVM | IBM | POWER4, POWER5, POWER6, POWER7, POWER8, POWER9, Power10 | POWER4/5/6/7/8/9/Power10, x86 (PowerVM-Lx86) | PowerVM Firmware | Linux PowerPC, x86; AIX, IBM i | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| QEMU | Fabrice Bellard, other developers | x86, x86-64, IA-64, PowerPC, SPARC 32/64, ARM, S/390, MIPS | x86, x86-64, Alpha, ARM, CRIS, LM32, M68k, MicroBlaze, MIPS, OpenRisc32, PowerPC, S/390, SH4, SPARC 32/64, Unicore32, Xtensa | Windows, Linux, macOS, Solaris, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, BeOS | Changes regularly[7] | Шаблон:Open source |
| QEMU w/ kqemu module | Fabrice Bellard | x86, x86-64 | Same as host | Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, Windows | Changes regularly[7] | Шаблон:Open source |
| QEMU w/ qvm86 module | Paul Brook | x86 | x86 | Linux, NetBSD, Windows | Changes regularly | Шаблон:Open source |
| QuickTransit | Transitive Corp. | x86, x86-64, IA-64, POWER | MIPS, PowerPC, SPARC, x86 | Linux, Шаблон:Nowrap, Solaris | Linux, Шаблон:Nowrap, Irix, Solaris | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| RTS Hypervisor | Real-Time Systems GmbH | x86, x86-64 | x86, x86-64 | No host OS | Windows, Linux, Windows Embedded, QNX, RTOS-32, VxWorks, OS-9, T-Kernel | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| ScaleMP vSMP Foundation | ScaleMP | x86, x86-64 | Same as host | No host OS | Linux | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| SIMH | Bob Supnik, The Computer History Simulation Project | Alpha, ARM, HPPA, x86, IA-64, x86-64, M68K, MIPS, MIPSel, POWER, s390, SPARC | Data General Nova, Eclipse; Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-1, PDP-4, PDP-7, PDP-8, PDP-9, PDP-10, PDP-11, PDP-15, VAX; GRI Corporation GRI-909; IBM 1401, 1620, 1130, 7090/7094, System/3; Interdata (Perkin-Elmer) 16b/32b systems; Hewlett-Packard 2114, 2115, 2116, 2100, 21MX; Honeywell H316/H516; MITS Altair 8800 with 8080 and Z80; Royal McBee LGP-30, LGP-21; Scientific Data Systems SDS 940 | BSD, Linux, Solaris, VMS, Windows | Depends on target machine, includes NetBSD/VAX, OpenBSD/VAX, VAX/VMS, Unix v6, Unix v7, TOPS-10, TOPS-20, ITS | Шаблон:Open source |
| Simics | Virtutech, acquired by Intel | x86, x86-64 | 8051, 68000, ARM (v4, v5, v6, v7), MIPS32, MIPS64, Cavium cnMIPS, Broadcom XLR MIPS, Freescale (e300, e500, e600, e5500, e6500), IBM (POWER, PPC44x, PPC46x, 47x), SPARC v8 (LEON), SPARC v9 (UltraSparc), x86 (from 80286 to Sandy Bridge), x86-64 (from Pentium4 to Sandy Bridge), TI TMS320C64xx, Renesas H8, Renesas SH | Windows 32-bit and 64-bit, Linux 32-bit and 64-bit | Depends on target machine, typically runs unmodified software stacks from the corresponding real target, including VxWorks, VxWorks 653, OSE, QNX, Linux, Solaris, Windows, FreeBSD, RTEMS, TinyOS, Wind River Hypervisor, VMware ESX, and others | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| Sun xVM Server | Sun Microsystems | x86-64, SPARC | Same as host | No host OS | Windows XP, 2003 Server (x86-64 only), Linux, Solaris | Шаблон:Open source |
| SVISTA 2004 | Serenity Systems International | x86 | x86 | Windows, OS/2, Linux | Windows, Linux, OS/2, BSD | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| TRANGO | TRANGO Virtual Processors, Grenoble, France | ARM, XScale, MIPS, PowerPC | Paravirtualized ARM, MIPS, PowerPC | No host OS, Linux or Windows as dev. hosts | Linux, eCos, µC/OS-II, WindowsCE, Nucleus, VxWorks | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| User Mode Linux | Jeff Dike, other developers | x86, x86-64, PowerPC | Same as host | Linux | Linux | Шаблон:Open source |
| VirtualBox | Innotek, acquired by Oracle Corporation | x86, x86-64 | x86, x86-64 (with Intel VT-x or AMD-V, and VirtualBox 2 or later) | Windows, Linux, macOS, Solaris, FreeBSD, eComStation | DOS, Linux, macOS,[8] FreeBSD, Haiku, OS/2, Solaris, Syllable, Windows, and OpenBSD (with Intel VT-x or AMD-V, due to otherwise tolerated incompatibilities in the emulated memory management).[9] | Шаблон:Open source |
| Virtual Iron 3.1 | Virtual Iron Software, Inc., acquired by Oracle | x86 VT-x, x86-64 AMD-V | x86, x86-64 | No host OS | Windows, Linux | Шаблон:Proprietary, some components GPLv2[10] |
| Virtual Machine Manager | Red Hat | x86, x86-64 | x86, x86-64 | Linux | Linux, Windows | Шаблон:Open source |
| Virtual PC 2007 (discontinued) | Connectix and Microsoft | x86, x86-64 | x86 | Windows Vista (Business, Enterprise, Ultimate), XP Pro, XP Tablet PC Edition | DOS, Windows, OS/2, Linux (SUSE, Xubuntu), OpenSolaris (Belenix) | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| Windows Virtual PC (discontinued) | Connectix and Microsoft | x86, x86-64 with Intel VT-x or AMD-V | x86 | Windows 7 | Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008 | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| Virtual PC 7 for Mac | Connectix and Microsoft | PowerPC | x86 | Шаблон:Nowrap | Windows, OS/2, Linux | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| VirtualLogix VLX | VirtualLogix | ARM, TI DSP C6000, x86, PowerPC | Same as host | No host OS | Linux, Windows XP, C5, VxWorks, Nucleus, DSP/BIOS, proprietary | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| Virtual Server 2005 R2 | Connectix and Microsoft | x86, x86-64 | x86, x86-64 | Windows Server 2003, 2008, XP (Requires IIS) | Windows NT, 2000, 2003, 2008, Linux (Red Hat, SUSE, Ubuntu) | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| Synopsys (CoWare) Virtual Platform | CoWare | x86, x86-64, SPARC v9 | Devices including (multi) cores from ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, Toshiba MeP, Renesas SH, Texas Instruments, Tensilica, ZSP | Windows, Linux, Solaris | Depends on guest CPU; includes: Linux (various flavors), µITRON (various flavors), Windows CE, Symbian, more | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| Virtuozzo | SWsoft, now Virtuozzo Inc | x86, IA-64, x86-64 | same as host | Linux | same as host (shared Linux kernel) | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| vkernel | Matthew Dillon / DragonFly BSD | x86-64 | same as host | DragonFly BSD | any compatible vkernel binary of DragonFly | Шаблон:Open source |
| VMM | OpenBSD | x86, x86-64 | same as host | OpenBSD | OpenBSD and Linux guests | Шаблон:Open source |
| VMware ESX Server | VMware | x86, x86-64 | x86, x86-64 | No host OS | Windows, Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD, OSx86 (as FreeBSD), virtual appliances, Netware, OS/2, SCO, BeOS, Haiku, Darwin, others: runs arbitrary OSШаблон:Efn | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| VMware ESXi | VMware | x86, x86-64 | x86, x86-64 | No host OS | Same as VMware ESX Server | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| VMware Fusion | VMware | x86, x86-64 | x86, x86-64 | macOS | Same as VMware ESX Server | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| VMware Server | VMware | x86, x86-64 | x86, x86-64 | Windows, Linux | Same as VMware ESX Server | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| VMware Workstation | VMware | x86-64Шаблон:Efn | x86, x86-64 | Windows, Linux | Same as VMware ESX Server | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| VMware Player, later VMware Workstation Player | VMware | x86-64Шаблон:Efn | x86, x86-64 | Windows, Linux | Same as VMware ESX Server | Шаблон:Proprietary, free for personal non-commercial use[11][12] |
| Wind River Hypervisor | Wind River | x86, x86-64, PowerPC, ARM | Same as host | No host OS | Linux, VxWorks, unmodified guests (including MS Windows and RTOSes such ach OSE, QNX and others), bare metal virtual board | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| Xen | Xensource, Now Citrix Systems | x86, x86-64, ARM, IA-64 (inactive), PowerPC (inactive) | Same as host | Linux, Unix-like | Linux, FreeBSD, MiniOS, NetBSD, Solaris, Windows 7/XP/Vista/Server 2008 (requires Intel VT-x (Vanderpool) or AMD-V (Pacifica)-capable CPU), Plan 9 | Шаблон:Open source |
| XCP-ng | By Vates SAS | x86, x86-64, ARM, IA-64 (inactive), PowerPC (inactive) | Same as host | No host OS | Linux, FreeBSD, MiniOS, NetBSD, Solaris, Windows, Windows Server 2008 (with Intel VT-x or AMD-V), Plan 9 | Шаблон:Open source[13] |
| XenServer | By Citrix Systems | x86, x86-64, ARM, IA-64 (inactive), PowerPC (inactive) | Same as host | No host OS | Linux, FreeBSD, MiniOS, NetBSD, Solaris, Windows 7/XP/Vista/Server 2008 (with Intel VT-x or AMD-V), Plan 9 | Шаблон:Open source |
| XtratuM | fentISS | SPARC v8 LEON2/3/4, ARM v7 | Same as host | No host OS | GPOS: Linux, RTOS: LithOS, RTEMS | Шаблон:Proprietary, GPL version 2 depending on versions |
| z/VM | IBM | z/Architecture | z/Architecture, z/VM does not run on predecessor mainframes | No host OS, itself (single or multiple levels/versions deep; e.g., VM/ESA running in z/VM 4.4 in z/VM 5.2 in z/VM 5.1.) | Linux on IBM Z, z/OS, z/VSE, z/TPF, z/VM, VM/CMS, MUSIC/SP, OpenSolaris for System z, predecessors | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| z LPARs | IBM | z/Architecture | z/Architecture | Integrated in firmware of System z mainframes | Linux on IBM Z, z/OS, z/VSE, z/TPF, z/VM, MUSIC/SP, and predecessors | Шаблон:Proprietary |
| Name | Creator | Host CPU | Guest CPU | Host OS(s) | Guest OS(s) | License |
Features
| Name | Guest OS SMP available | Runs arbitrary OS | Supported guest OS drivers | Method of operation | Typical use | Speed relative to host OS | Commercial support available |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Containers, or Zones | Шаблон:Yes, over 500-way on current systems | Шаблон:No | Uses native device drivers | Operating system-level virtualization | Server consolidation with workload isolation, single workload containment, hosting, dev/test/prod | Near native | Шаблон:Yes |
| Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 | Шаблон:Yes, up to 4 VCPUs per VM | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Virtualization | Server consolidation, service continuity, dev/test, desktop virtualization, cloud computing | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation neededШаблон:Ref | Шаблон:Yes |
| OpenVZ | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:No | Compatible | Operating system-level virtualization | Virtualized server isolation | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation neededШаблон:Ref | Шаблон:Yes |
| KVM | Шаблон:Yes[14] | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | AMD-V and Intel-VT-x | Virtualized server isolation, server/desktop consolidation, software development, cloud computing, other purposes | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation neededШаблон:Ref | Шаблон:Yes[15] |
| Linux-VServer | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:No | Compatible | Operating system-level virtualization | Virtualized server isolation and security, server consolidation, cloud computing | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation neededШаблон:Ref | Шаблон:Yes |
| Oracle VM Server for x86 | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Paravirtualization and hardware virtualization | Server consolidation and security, enterprise and business deployment | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes |
| Oracle VM Server for SPARC (LDoms) | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes, but needs porting[16] | Шаблон:Yes | Paravirtualization and hardware virtualization | Server consolidation and security, enterprise and business deployment | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes |
| OVPsim | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Dunno | Full system simulation with optional component virtualization | Software development (early, embedded), advanced debug for single and multicore software, compiler and other tool development, computer architecture research, hobbyist | Depends on target architecture (full and slow hardware emulation for guests incompatible with host)Шаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes, with commercial license from Imperas[17] |
| PikeOS | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes, but modifications required as paravirtualization is used | Шаблон:Yes | Paravirtualization | Safety and security critical embedded systems. | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes |
| ScaleMP vSMP Foundation | Шаблон:Yes, up to 8,192 CPUs and 64 TB per VMШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Virtualization | Server consolidation, Cloud computing | ? | Шаблон:Yes |
| Simics | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Full system simulation of processors, MMUs, devices, disks, memories, networks, etc. | Software development, advanced debug for single and multicore software, compiler and other tool development, computer architecture research, bug transportation, automated testing, system architecture, long-term support of safety-critical systems, early hardware availability, virtual prototyping | Depends on host machine and target architecture. Runs at near-native speeds for x86-on-x86 using VT-x, cross-simulation of other architectures can be faster or slower than real-time depending on how fast the target is and how big the target is (number of processors, number of target machines, and how much the simulation can be parallelized) | Шаблон:Yes |
| Sun xVM Server | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Paravirtualization and porting or hardware virtualization | Servers, Development | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Yes |
| SVISTA 2004 | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Hobbyist, Developer, Business workstation | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno |
| TRANGO | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:YesШаблон:Ref | Шаблон:Yes | Paravirtualization and porting or hardware virtualization | Mob. phone, STB, routers, etc. | Near nativeШаблон:RefШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Dunno |
| User Mode Linux | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:No | special guest kernel+modules required | Porting | Developer (as a separate machine for a server or with X11 networking) | Non-significantly slower than native Шаблон:Ref (all calls to kernel are proxied)Шаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Dunno |
| OKL4 Microvisor | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes, (either with para-virtualization or HW virtualization) | Шаблон:Yes | Paravirtualization, Hardware assisted virtualization | Mobile, embedded, security, safety critical, networking, legacy OS, etc. | Near native | Шаблон:Yes |
| Oracle VirtualBox | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Virtualization | Business workstation, server consolidation, service continuity, developer, hobbyist | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes (with commercial license) |
| Virtual Iron 3.1 | Шаблон:Yes, up to 8 way | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Native virtualization | Server consolidation, service continuity, dev/test | ? | Шаблон:Yes |
| Virtual PC 2007 | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Virtualization, guest calls trapping where supported | Hobbyist, Developer, Business workstation | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed with virtual machine additions | Шаблон:Dunno |
| Windows Virtual PC | Шаблон:YesШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Hardware virtualization | Developer, Business workstation, support for Compatibility with Windows XP applications | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed with virtual machine additions | Шаблон:No |
| Virtual PC 7 for Mac | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | dynamic recompilation (guest calls trapping where supported) | Hobbyist, Developer, Business workstation | Slow Шаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Dunno |
| Virtual Server 2005 R2 | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Virtualization (guest calls trapping where supported) | Server, server farm | Up to near native with virtual machine additions but slower than with hypervisor due to proxied callsШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Dunno |
| CoWare Virtual Platform | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes ( Same compiled Software image as for the real device) | Full-system virtualization (Processor Core ISA + Hardware + External connections) | Early embedded software development and integration (from driver to application), Multi-core software debugging and optimization | Depending on the system characteristics and the software itself, ranges from faster than real time to slowШаблон:Citation needed. | Шаблон:Yes |
| Virtuozzo | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:No | Compatible | Operating system-level virtualization | Server consolidation, service continuity, disaster recovery, service providers | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes |
| VMware ESXi Server 5.5 (vSphere) | Шаблон:Yes, add-on, up to 64 way | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Yes | Virtualization | Server consolidation, service continuity, dev/test, cloud computing, business critical applications, Infrastructure as a Service IaaS | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes |
| VMware ESX Server 4.0 (vSphere) | Шаблон:Yes, add-on, up to 8 way | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Virtualization | Server consolidation, service continuity, dev/test, cloud computing | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes |
| VMware ESX Server 3.0 | Шаблон:Yes, add-on, up to 4 way | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Virtualization | Server consolidation, service continuity, dev/test | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes |
| VMware ESX Server 2.5.3 | Шаблон:Yes, add-on, 2 way | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Virtualization | Server consolidation, service continuity, dev/test | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes |
| VMware Fusion | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Virtualization | Hobbyist, Developer, Tester, Business workstation | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes |
| VMware Server | Шаблон:Yes (2-way) | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Virtualization | Server/desktop consolidation, dev/test | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes |
| VMware Workstation | Шаблон:Yes (2-way) | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Paravirtualization (VMI) and virtualization | Technical professional, advanced dev/test, trainer | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes |
| VMware Player | Шаблон:Yes[18] | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Virtualization | Technical professional, advanced dev/test, trainer, end user on prebuilt machines | Up to near nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:No |
| Xen | Шаблон:Yes, v4.0.0: up to 128 VCPUs per VM | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Paravirtualization and porting or hardware virtualization | Virtualized server isolation, server/desktop consolidation, software development, cloud computing, other purposes. Xen powers most public cloud services and many hosting services, such as Amazon Web Services, Rackspace Hosting and Linode. | Up to native[19] | Шаблон:Yes |
| XCP-ng | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Paravirtualization and porting or hardware virtualization | Virtualized server isolation, server/desktop consolidation, software development, cloud computing, desktop virtualization, public cloud services, hostings services and other purposes. | Up to nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes |
| XenServer | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Paravirtualization and porting or hardware virtualization | Virtualized server isolation, server/desktop consolidation, software development, cloud computing, other purposes. Xen powers most public cloud services and many hosting services, such as Amazon Web Services, Rackspace Hosting and Linode. | Up to native[19] | Шаблон:Yes |
| XtratuM | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Yes | Paravirtualization | Embedded, safety critical, secure | Near to nativeШаблон:Citation needed | Шаблон:Yes |
| z/VM | Шаблон:Yes, both real and virtual (guest perceives more CPUs than installed), incl. dynamic CPU provisioning and reassignment | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes, but not required | Virtualization (among first systems to provide hardware assists) | Servers | Near nativeШаблон:Ref | Шаблон:Yes |
| z LPARs | Шаблон:Yes, both real and virtual (guest perceives more CPUs than installed), incl. dynamic CPU provisioning and reassignment; up to 64 real cores | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes, but not required | Microcode and hardware hypervisor | Servers | Native: System z machines always run with at least one LPAR | Шаблон:Yes |
| Name | Guest OS SMP available | Runs arbitrary OS | Supported guest OS drivers | Method of operation | Typical use | Speed relative to host OS | Commercial support available |
- Шаблон:Note Providing any virtual environment usually requires some overhead of some type or another. Native usually means that the virtualization technique does not do any CPU level virtualization (like Bochs), which executes code more slowly than when it is directly executed by a CPU. Some other products such as VMware and Virtual PC use similar approaches to Bochs and QEMU, however they use a number of advanced techniques to shortcut most of the calls directly to the CPU (similar to the process that JIT compiler uses) to bring the speed to near native in most cases. However, some products such as coLinux, Xen, z/VM (in real mode) do not suffer the cost of CPU-level slowdowns as the CPU-level instructions are not proxied or executing against an emulated architecture since the guest OS or hardware is providing the environment for the applications to run under. However access to many of the other resources on the system, such as devices and memory may be proxied or emulated in order to broker those shared services out to all the guests, which may cause some slow downs as compared to running outside of virtualization.
- Шаблон:Note OS-level virtualization is described as "native" speed, however some groups have found overhead as high as 3% for some operations, but generally figures come under 1%, so long as secondary effects do not appear.
- Шаблон:Note See[20] for a paper comparing performance of paravirtualization approaches (e.g. Xen) with OS-level virtualization
- Шаблон:Note Requires patches/recompiling.
- Шаблон:NoteExceptional for lightweight, paravirtualized, single-user VM/CMS interactive shell: largest customers run several thousand users on even single prior models. For multiprogramming OSes like Linux on IBM Z and z/OS that make heavy use of native supervisor state instructions, performance will vary depending on nature of workload but is near native. Hundreds into the low thousands of Linux guests are possible on a single machine for certain workloads.
Image type compatibility
Other features
- Шаблон:Note Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 and Windows 7 SP1 have limited support for redirecting the USB protocol over RDP using RemoteFX.[34]
- Шаблон:Note Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 adds accelerated graphics support for certain editions of Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 and Windows 7 SP1 using RemoteFX.[35][36]
Restrictions
This table is meant to outline restrictions in the software dictated by licensing or capabilities.
| Name | Maximum host cores / CPUs | Maximum host memory | Maximum host disk volume size | Maximum number of guest VM running | Maximum number of logical CPU per VM guest | Maximum amount of memory per VM guest | Maximum number of SCSI + IDE disks per VM guest | Maximum disk size per VM guest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Containers, or Zones | No theoretical limit (largest SPARC has 384 physical cores) | 32 TB (largest SPARC) | No limit | 8191 | No limit | No limit | No limit | No limit |
| VMware Player 15.0[37] | No limit | No limit | No limit | No limit | 16 | 4 GB (32-bit); 64 GB (64-bit) | ? | 8 TB |
| VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi 4.1)[38] | 160 logical cores | 1 TB | 2 TB minus 512 bytes | 320 | 8 | 255 GB | 4 IDE; 60 SCSI | 2 TB minus 512 bytes |
| VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi 5.0)[39] | 160 logical cores | 2 TB | 64 TB | 512 | 32 | 1 TB | 4 IDE; 60 SCSI | 2 TB minus 512 bytes |
| VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi 5.5) (free)[40] | 16 NUMA Nodes / 320 logical CPUs | 4 TB | Depending on filesystem | 512 | 8 | 1 TB | 4 IDE; 60 SCSI; 120 SATA | 62 TB |
| VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi 5.5)[41] | 16 NUMA Nodes / 320 logical CPUs | 4 TB | Depending on filesystem | 512 | 64 | 1 TB | 4 IDE; 60 SCSI; 120 SATA | 62 TB |
| VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi 6.7)[42] | 16 NUMA Nodes / 768 logical CPUs | 16 TB | Depending on filesystem | 1024 | 256 | 6128 GB | 4 IDE; 256 SCSI; 120 SATA; 60 NVMe | 62 TB |
| VMware vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi 7.0)[43] | 16 NUMA Nodes / 896 logical CPUs | 24 TB | Depending on filesystem | 1024 | 768 | 24 TB | 4 IDE; 256 SCSI; 120 SATA; 60 NVMe | 62 TB |
| VirtualBox | No limit | No limit | No limit | No limit[44] | 32 | No limit | 4 IDE; no limit for SATA, SCSI, SAS | GUI: 2 TB Command line: no limit |
| Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2008 R2[45] | 64 cores / 8 CPUs[46] | 1 TB | No limit | 384 | 4 | 64 GB | 4 IDE; 256 SCSI | 2 TB |
| Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2012[47] | 320 cores / 64 CPUs[48] | 4 TB | No limit | 1024 | 64 | 1 TB | 4 IDE; 256 SCSI | 64 TB |
| Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2016[49] | 512 cores / 320 CPUs | 24 TB | No limit | 1024 | 240 | 12 TB | 4 IDE; 256 SCSI | 64 TB |
| Xen[50] XCP-ng Xen Server[50] |
4095 CPUsx86 8 CPUsARM32 128 CPUsARM64 |
16 TBx86 16 GBARM32 5 TBARM64 |
No limit | No limit | 512 PVx86 / 128 HVMx86 8ARM32 128ARM64 |
>1 TB PVx86 / 1 TB HVMx86 16 GBARM32 1 TBARM64 |
? | ? |
| Name | Maximum host cores / CPUs | Maximum host memory | Maximum host disk volume size | Maximum number of guest VM running | Maximum number of logical CPU per VM guest | Maximum amount of memory per VM guest | Maximum number of SCSI + IDE disks per VM guest | Maximum disk size per VM guest |
Note: No limit means no enforced limit. For example, a VM with 1 TB of memory cannot fit in a host with only 8 GB memory and no memory swap disk, so it will have a limit of 8 GB physically.
See also
- List of computer system emulators
- Comparison of application virtualization software
- Comparison of OS emulation or virtualization apps on Android
- Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements
- Virtual DOS machine
- x86 virtualization
Шаблон:Virtualization software
Notes
References
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокbhyve1не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокbochs1не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокbochs2не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокlinux-kvmне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокrhel.kvm.armне указан текст - ↑ 7,0 7,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокQEMUне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокvirtualboxне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокoracleне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокvmwareне указан текст - ↑ [1] Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокlinux-kvm mainpageне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокKVMне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокLogical Domainsне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокimperasне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокvmware9не указан текст - ↑ 19,0 19,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокunf.eduне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокprincetonне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 22,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокvirtualbox4не указан текст - ↑ 23,0 23,1 23,2 23,3 23,4 23,5 23,6 23,7 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 24,0 24,1 24,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокvirt-managerне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокsheepdogне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокkvmне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 28,0 28,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокvboxguestadditionslicне указан текст - ↑ 29,0 29,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокvbox310не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокesxpciне указан текст - ↑ 31,0 31,1 31,2 31,3 31,4 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокVMGLне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокvmware3не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокtechnet1не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокtechnet2не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокtechnet3не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокvmware4не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокvmware5не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокvmware55не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокvmware67не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокvmware70не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокvirtualbox2не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокtechnet5не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокarstechnicaне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокtechnet4не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 50,0 50,1 Шаблон:Cite web
