Английская Википедия:Comparison of relational database management systems
Шаблон:Short description The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of relational database management systems. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add-ons, extensions or external programs.
General information
Operating system support
The operating systems that the RDBMSes can run on.
Fundamental features
Information about what fundamental RDBMS features are implemented natively.
- Note (1): Currently only supports read uncommited transaction isolation. Version 1.9 adds serializable isolation and version 2.0 will be fully ACID compliant.
- Note (2): MariaDB and MySQL provide ACID compliance through the default InnoDB storage engine.[56][57]
- Note (3): "For other than InnoDB storage engines, MySQL Server parses and ignores the Шаблон:Mono and Шаблон:Mono syntax in Шаблон:Mono statements. The Шаблон:Mono clause is parsed but ignored by all storage engines."[58]
- Note (4): Support for Unicode is new in version 10.0.
- Note (5): MySQL provides GUI interface through MySQL Workbench.
- Note (6): OpenEdge SQL database engine uses Referential Integrity, OpenEdge ABL Database engine does not and is handled via database triggers.
Limits
Information about data size limits.
| Max DB size | Max table size | Max row size | Max columns per row | Max Blob/Clob size | Max CHAR size | Max NUMBER size | Min DATE value | Max DATE value | Max column name size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4th Dimension | Limited | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | 65,135 | 200 GB (2 GiB Unicode) | 200 GB (2 GiB Unicode) | 64 bits | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno |
| Advantage Database Server | Unlimited | 16 EiB | Шаблон:Val | 65,135 / (10+ AvgFieldNameLength) | 4 GiB | Шаблон:Dunno | 64 bits | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | 128 |
| Apache Derby | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 1,012 (5,000 in views) | 2,147,483,647 chars | 254 (Шаблон:Mono: 32,672) | 64 bits | 0001-01-01 | 9999-12-31 | 128 |
| ClustrixDB | Unlimited | Unlimited | 64 MB on Appliance, 4 MB on AWS | Шаблон:Dunno | 64 MB | 64 MB | 64 MB | 0001-01-01 | 9999-12-31 | 254 |
| CUBRID | 2 EB | 2 EB | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 1 GB | 64 bits | 0001-01-01 | 9999-12-31 | 254 |
| IBM DB2 | Unlimited | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | 1,012 | Шаблон:Val | Шаблон:Val | 64 bits | 0001-01-01 | 9999-12-31 | 128 |
| Empress Embedded Database | Unlimited | 263−1 bytes | 2 GB | 32,767 | 2 GB | 2 GB | 64 bits | 0000-01-01 | 9999-12-31 | 32 |
| EXASolution | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 10,000 | Шаблон:N/A | 2 MB | 128 bits | 0001-01-01 | 9999-12-31 | 256 |
| FileMaker | 8 TB | 8 TB | 8 TB | 256,000,000 | 4 GB | 10,000,000 | 1 billion characters, Шаблон:10^ to Шаблон:10^, +- | 0001-01-01 | 4000-12-31 | 100 |
| Firebird | Unlimited1 | ~32 TB | 65,536 B | Depends on data types used | 32 GB | 32,767 B | 64 bits | 100 | 32768 | 31 |
| HSQLDB | 64 TB | Unlimited8 | Unlimited8 | Unlimited8 | 64 TB7 | Unlimited8 | Unlimited8 | 0001-01-01 | 9999-12-31 | 128 |
| H2 | 64 TB | Unlimited8 | Unlimited8 | Unlimited8 | 64 TB7 | Unlimited8 | 64 bits | -99999999 | 99999999 | Unlimited8 |
| Max DB size | Max table size | Max row size | Max columns per row | Max Blob/Clob size | Max CHAR size | Max NUMBER size | Min DATE value | Max DATE value | Max column name size | |
| Informix Dynamic Server | ~128 PB12 | ~128 PB12 | 32,765 bytes (exclusive of large objects) | 32,765 | 4 TB | 32,765 | 10125 13 | 01/01/000110 | 12/31/9999 | 128 bytes |
| Ingres | Unlimited | Unlimited | 256 KB | 1,024 | 2 GB | 32 000 B | 64 bits | 0001 | 9999 | 256 |
| InterBase | Unlimited1 | ~32 TB | 65,536 B | Depends on data types used | 2 GB | 32,767 B | 64 bits | 100 | 32768 | 31 |
| Linter SQL RDBMS | Unlimited | 230 rows | 64 KB (w/o BLOBs), 2GB (each BLOB value) |
250 | 2 GB | 4000 B | 64 bits | 0001-01-01 | 9999-12-31 | 66 |
| MariaDB | Unlimited | MyISAM storage limits: 256 TB; Innodb storage limits: 64 TB; Aria storage limits: ??? |
64 KB3 | 4,0964 | 4 GB (longtext, longblob) | 64 KB (text) | 64 bits | 1000 | 9999 | 64[59] |
| Microsoft Access (JET) | 2 GB | 2 GB | 16 MB | 255 | 64 KB (memo field), 1 GB ("OLE Object" field) |
255 B (text field) | 32 bits | 0100 | 9999 | 64 |
| Microsoft Visual Foxpro | Unlimited | 2 GB | 65,500 B | 255 | 2 GB | 16 MB | 32 bits | 0001 | 9999 | 10 |
| Microsoft SQL Server | 524,272 TB (32 767 files × 16 TB max file size)
16ZB per instance |
524,272 TB | 8,060 bytes / 2 TB6 | 1,024 / 30,000(with sparse columns) | 2 GB / Unlimited (using RBS/FILESTREAM object) | 2 GB6 | 126 bits2 | 0001 | 9999 | 128 |
| Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) | 4 GB | 4 GB | 8,060 bytes | 1024 | 2 GB | 4000 | 154 bits | 0001 | 9999 | 128 |
| Mimer SQL | Unlimited | Unlimited | 16000 (+lob data) | 252 | Unlimited | 15000 | 45 digits | 0001-01-01 | 9999-12-31 | 128 |
| MonetDB | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 2 GB | 2 GB | 128 bits | -4712-01-01 | 9999-12-31 | 1024 |
| MySQL | Unlimited | MyISAM storage limits: 256 TB; Innodb storage limits: 64 TB | 64 KB3 | 4,0964 | 4 GB (longtext, longblob) | 64 KB (text) | 64 bits | 1000 | 9999 | 64 |
| OpenLink Virtuoso | 32 TB per instance (Unlimited via elastic cluster) |
DB size (or 32 TB) | 4 KB | 200 | 2 GB | 2 GB | 231 | 0 | 9999 | 100 |
| Oracle | Шаблон:Val (with standard 8k block) Шаблон:Val (with max 32k block) Шаблон:Val (with max 32k block and BIGFILE option) |
4 GB × block size (with BIGFILE tablespace) |
8 KB | 1,000 | 128 TB | 32,767 B11 | 126 bits | −4712 | 9999 | 128 |
| Max DB size | Max table size | Max row size | Max columns per row | Max Blob/Clob size | Max CHAR size | Max NUMBER size | Min DATE value | Max DATE value | Max column name size | |
| Actian Zen (PSQL) | 4 billion objects | 256 GB | 2 GB | 1,536 | 2 GB | 8,000 bytes | 64 bits | 01-01-0001 | 12-31-9999 | 128 bytes |
| Polyhedra | Limited by available RAM, address space | 232 rows | Unlimited | 65,536 | 4 GB (subject to RAM) | 4 GB (subject to RAM) | 64 bits | 0001-01-01 | 8000-12-31 | 255 |
| PostgreSQL[60] | Unlimited | 32 TB | 1.6 TB | 250–1600 depending on type | 1 GB (text, bytea) stored inline or 4 TB using pg_largeobject | 1 GB | Unlimited | −4,713 | 5,874,897 | 63 |
| SAP HANA | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno |
| solidDB | 256 TB | 256 TB | 32 KB + BLOB data | Limited by row size | 4 GB | 4 GB | 64 bits | -32768-01-01 | 32767-12-31 | 254 |
| SQL Anywhere[63] | 104 TB (13 files, each file up to 8 TB (32 KB pages)) | Limited by file size | Limited by file size | 45,000 | 2 GB | 2 GB | 64 bits | 0001-01-01 | 9999-12-31 | 128 bytes |
| SQLite | 128 TB (231 pages × 64 KB max page size) | Limited by file size | Limited by file size | 32,767 | 2 GB | 2 GB | 64 bits | No DATE type9 | No DATE type9 | Unlimited |
| Teradata | Unlimited | Unlimited | 64000 wo/lobs (64 GB w/lobs) |
2,048 | 2 GB | 64,000 | 38 digits | 0001-01-01 | 9999-12-31 | 128 |
| UniVerse | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited |
| Max DB size | Max table size | Max row size | Max columns per row | Max Blob/Clob size | Max CHAR size | Max NUMBER size | Min DATE value | Max DATE value | Max column name size |
- Note (1): Firebird 2.x maximum database size is effectively unlimited with the largest known database size >980 GB.[64] Firebird 1.5.x maximum database size: 32 TB.
- Note (2): Limit is 1038 using
DECIMALdatatype.[65] - Note (3): InnoDB is limited to 8,000 bytes (excluding
VARBINARY,VARCHAR,BLOB, orTEXTcolumns).[66] - Note (4): InnoDB is limited to 1,017 columns.[66]
- Note (6): Using
VARCHAR (MAX)in SQL 2005 and later.[67] - Note (7): When using a page size of 32 KB, and when BLOB/CLOB data is stored in the database file.
- Note (8): Java array size limit of 2,147,483,648 (231) objects per array applies. This limit applies to number of characters in names, rows per table, columns per table, and characters per
CHAR/VARCHAR. - Note (9): Despite the lack of a date datatype, SQLite does include date and time functions,[68] which work for timestamps between 24 November 4714 B.C. and 1 November 5352.
- Note (10): Informix DATETIME type has adjustable range from YEAR only through 1/10000th second. DATETIME date range is 0001-01-01 00:00:00.00000 through 9999-12-31 23:59:59.99999.
- Note (11): Since version 12c. Earlier versions support up to Шаблон:Val.
- Note (12): The Шаблон:Val limit refers to the storage limit of a single Informix server instance. Informix v12.10 and later versions support using sharding techniques to distribute a table across multiple server instances. A distributed Informix database has no upper limit on table or database size.
- Note (13): Informix DECIMAL type supports up to 32 decimal digits of precision with a range of Шаблон:10^ to Шаблон:10^. Fixed and variable precision are supported.
Tables and views
Information about what tables and views (other than basic ones) are supported natively.
Note (1): Server provides tempdb, which can be used for public and private (for the session) temp tables.[69]
Note (2): Materialized views are not supported in Informix; the term is used in IBM's documentation to refer to a temporary table created to run the view's query when it is too complex, but one cannot for example define the way it is refreshed or build an index on it. The term is defined in the Informix Performance Guide.[70]
Note (4): Materialized views can be emulated using stored procedures and triggers.[71]
Indexes
Information about what indexes (other than basic B-/B+ tree indexes) are supported natively.
Note (1): The users need to use a function from freeAdhocUDF library or similar.[106]
Note (2): Can be implemented for most data types using expression-based indexes.
Note (3): Can be emulated by indexing a computed column[107] (doesn't easily update) or by using an "Indexed View"[108] (proper name not just any view works[109]).
Note (4): Used for InMemory ColumnStore index, temporary hash index for hash join, Non/Cluster & fill factor.
Note (5): InnoDB automatically generates adaptive hash index[110] entries as needed.
Note (6): Can be implemented using Function-based Indexes in Oracle 8i and higher, but the function needs to be used in the sql for the index to be used.
Note (7): A PostgreSQL functional index can be used to reverse the order of a field.
Note (10): B+ tree and full-text only for now.
Note (11): R-Tree indexing available in base edition with Locator but some functionality requires Personal Edition or Enterprise Edition with Spatial option.
Database capabilities
Note (1): Recursive CTEs introduced in 11gR2 supersedes similar construct called CONNECT BY.
Data types
Other objects
Information about what other objects are supported natively.
Note (1): Both function and procedure refer to internal routines written in SQL and/or procedural language like PL/SQL. External routine refers to the one written in the host languages, such as C, Java, Cobol, etc. "Stored procedure" is a commonly used term for these routine types. However, its definition varies between different database vendors.
Note (2): In Derby, H2, LucidDB, and CUBRID, users code functions and procedures in Java.
Note (3): ENUM datatype exists. CHECK clause is parsed, but not enforced in runtime.
Note (5): Informix supports external functions written in Java, C, & C++.
Partitioning
Information about what partitioning methods are supported natively.
Access control
Information about access control functionalities.
Note (1): Network traffic could be transmitted in a secure way (not clear-text, in general SSL encryption). Precise if option is default, included option or an extra modules to buy.
Note (2): Options are present to set a minimum size for password, respect complexity like presence of numbers or special characters.
Note (3): How do you get security updates? Is it free access, do you need a login or to pay? Is there easy access through a Web/FTP portal or RSS feed or only through offline access (mail CD-ROM, phone).
Note (4): Does database process run as root/administrator or unprivileged user? What is default configuration?
Note (5): Is there a separate user to manage special operation like backup (only dump/restore permissions), security officer (audit), administrator (add user/create database), etc.? Is it default or optional?
Note (6): Common Criteria certified product list.[164]
Note (7): FirebirdSQL seems to only have SYSDBA user and DB owner. There are no separate roles for backup operator and security administrator.
Note (8): User can define a dedicated backup user but nothing particular in default install.[165]
Note (9): Authentication methods.[166]
Note (10): Informix Dynamic Server supports PAM and other configurable authentication. By default uses OS authentication.
Note (11): Authentication methods.[167]
Note (12): With the use of Pervasive AuditMaster.
Note (13): User-based security is optional in Polyhedra, but when enabled can be enhanced to a role-based model with auditing.[168]
Databases vs schemas (terminology)
Шаблон:Original research The SQL specification defines what an "SQL schema" is; however, databases implement it differently. To compound this confusion the functionality can overlap with that of a parent database. An SQL schema is simply a namespace within a database; things within this namespace are addressed using the member operator dot "Шаблон:Char". This seems to be a universal among all of the implementations.
A true fully (database, schema, and table) qualified query is exemplified as such: Шаблон:Code
Both a schema and a database can be used to isolate one table, "foo", from another like-named table "foo". The following is pseudo code:
- Шаблон:Code vs. Шаблон:Code (no explicit schema between database and table)
- Шаблон:Code vs. Шаблон:Code (no explicit database prefix)
The problem that arises is that former MySQL users will create multiple databases for one project. In this context, MySQL databases are analogous in function to PostgreSQL-schemas, insomuch as PostgreSQL deliberately lacks off-the-shelf cross-database functionality (preferring multi-tenancy) that MySQL has. Conversely, PostgreSQL has applied more of the specification implementing cross-table, cross-schema, and then left room for future cross-database functionality.
MySQL aliases schema with database behind the scenes, such that Шаблон:Code and Шаблон:Code are analogs. It can therefore be said that MySQL has implemented cross-database functionality, skipped schema functionality entirely, and provided similar functionality into their implementation of a database. In summary, PostgreSQL fully supports schemas and multi-tenancy by strictly separating databases from each other and thus lacks some functionality MySQL has with databases, while MySQL does not even attempt to support standard schemas.
Oracle has its own spin where creating a user is synonymous with creating a schema. Thus a database administrator can create a user called PROJECT and then create a table PROJECT.TABLE. Users can exist without schema objects, but an object is always associated with an owner (though that owner may not have privileges to connect to the database). With the 'shared-everything' Oracle RAC architecture, the same database can be opened by multiple servers concurrently. This is independent of replication, which can also be used, whereby the data is copied for use by different servers. In the Oracle implementation, a 'database' is a set of files which contains the data while the 'instance' is a set of processes (and memory) through which a database is accessed.
Informix supports multiple databases in a server instance like MySQL. It supports the Шаблон:Code syntax as a way to group DDL statements into a single unit creating all objects created as a part of the schema as a single owner. Informix supports a database mode called ANSI mode which supports creating objects with the same name but owned by different users.
PostgreSQL and some other databases have support for foreign schemas, which is the ability to import schemas from other servers as defined in ISO/IEC 9075-9 (published as part of SQL:2008). This appears like any other schema in the database according to the SQL specification while accessing data stored either in a different database or a different server instance. The import can be made either as an entire foreign schema or merely certain tables belonging to that foreign schema.[169] While support for ISO/IEC 9075-9 bridges the gap between the two competing philosophies surrounding schemas, MySQL and Informix maintain an implicit association between databases while ISO/IEC 9075-9 requires that any such linkages be explicit in nature.
See also
- Relational database management system (includes market share data)
- List of relational database management systems
- Comparison of object–relational database management systems
- Comparison of database administration tools
- Object database – some of which have relational (SQL/ODBC) interfaces.
- IBM Business System 12 – an historical RDBMS and related query language.
References
External links
- Comparison of different SQL implementations against SQL standards. Includes Oracle, Db2, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL and PostgreSQL. (8 June 2007)
- The SQL92 standard
- DMBS comparison by SQL Workbench
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Derby - ASF JIRA
- ↑ cockroachdb Issue tracker
- ↑ CUBRID / Jira Issue tracker for CUBRID
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Firebird RDBMS Issue Tracker
- ↑ HyperSQL Database Engine (HSQLDB) / Bugs
- ↑ h2database issues
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Linter Techsupport
- ↑ MariaDB - JIRA
- ↑ MaxDB - Problem Tracking
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ MonetDB Issues
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ MySQL Bugs
- ↑ Issues · openlink/virtuoso-opensource · GitHub
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Postgres License
- ↑ A bug tracker for PostgreSQL?
- ↑ SQLite: Ticket Main Menu
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.esminis.server.mariadb&hl=de MariaDB Android Version by Tautvydas Andrikys
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ http://techotv.com/run-apache-mysql-php-http-web-server-android-os-phone-tablet/ Run Apache, Mysql, Php – Web server on Android mobile or Tablet
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Derby Developer's Guide (10.14)>Lock granularity
- ↑ DB2 for Linux UNIX and Windows 9.7.0>Fundamentos de DB2>Performance tuning>Factors affecting performance>Application design>Concurrency issues>Isolation levels
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 43,0 43,1 43,2 Transactional DDL in PostgreSQL: A Competitive Analysis
- ↑ Transactional DDL in MariaDB
- ↑ SQL Server Transaction Locking and Row Versioning Guide
- ↑ MySQL :: MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual :: 8.10.1 Internal Locking Methods
- ↑ Oracle Row Lock and Row Level Locking
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ PostgreSQL: Documentation: Explicit Locking : Row-Level Locks
- ↑ BUG #5974: UNION construct type cast gives poor error message
- ↑ https://help.sap.com/viewer/e38b2f6217f24bdb90a3ff8ae57b1dd5/17.0/en-US/3bee03b56c5f1014ab68e3eff32515dd.html | SAP SQL Anywhere Reference - Types of Lock
- ↑ SAP SQL Anywhere Reference - Snapshot Isolation
- ↑ https://help.sap.com/viewer/98ad9ec940e2465695685d98e308dff5/17.0/en-US/3bd460b56c5f10148922c11d39abc0b3.html | SAP SQL Anywhere Reference - HTTP Web Services
- ↑ File Locking And Concurrency In SQLite Version 3
- ↑ SQLite Full Unicode support is optional and not installed by default in most systems (like Android, Debian...)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ https://help.sap.com/viewer/61ecb3d4d8be4baaa07cc4db0ddb5d0a/17.0/en-US/813836f16ce210149e89f219dc353b7e.html | SAP SQL Anywhere - Physical limitations on size and number of databases
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ 66,0 66,1 Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ 73,0 73,1 73,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ 80,0 80,1 Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Oracle / PLSQL: ORA-01408 Error Message
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ The SQLite R*Tree Module
- ↑ SQLite Expression Indexes
- ↑ SQLite FTS5 Extension
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ geospatial
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ 112,0 112,1 112,2 112,3 112,4 112,5 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 113,0 113,1 New Features in HyperSQL 2.2
- ↑ H2 > Advanced > Recursive Queries
- ↑ H2 Functions
- ↑ Informix parallel data query (PDQ)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 124,0 124,1 Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ SQLite Query Language: WITH clause
- ↑ Window Functions
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ 135,0 135,1 Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:CitationШаблон:Dead link
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:CitationШаблон:Dead linkШаблон:Cbignore
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
