Английская Википедия:Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802
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"Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802" is a Petrarchan sonnet by William Wordsworth describing London and the River Thames, viewed from Westminster Bridge in the early morning. It was first published in the collection Poems, in Two Volumes in 1807.
History
The sonnet was originally dated 1803, but this was corrected in later editions and the date of composition given precisely as 31 July 1802, when Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy were travelling to Calais to visit Annette Vallon and his daughter Caroline by Annette, prior to his forthcoming marriage to Mary Hutchinson.
The sonnet has always been popular, escaping the generally excoriating reviews from critics such as Francis Jeffrey in the Edinburgh Review when Poems in Two Volumes was first published. The reason undoubtedly lies in its great simplicity and beauty of language, turning on Dorothy's observation that this man-made spectacle is nevertheless one to be compared to nature's grandest natural spectacles. Cleanth Brooks analysed the sonnet in these terms in The Well Wrought Urn: Studies in the Structure of Poetry.Шаблон:Sfnp In his essay, "The Language of Paradox", Brooks claims that the poem presents a paradox not in its specific use of images, but in the scenario that the narrator constructs. For instance, London is foregrounded as a natural landscape and as an artificial marvel (both these images running in parallel). This is exemplified in his usage of the epithet "asleep" instead of "dead" in the penultimate line for the houses.[1]
Stephen Gill remarks that at the end of his life Wordsworth, engaged in editing his works, contemplated a revision even of "so perfect a poem" as this sonnet in response to an objection from a lady that London could not both be "bare" and "clothed" (an example of the use of paradox in literature).Шаблон:Sfnp
That the sonnet so closely follows Dorothy's journal entry comes as no surprise because Dorothy wrote her Grasmere Journal to "give Wm pleasure by it" and it was freely available to Wordsworth, who said of Dorothy that "She gave me eyes, she gave me ears" in his poem "The Sparrow's Nest".Шаблон:Sfnp[2][3]
References
Sources
Further reading
- Davies, Hunter. William Wordsworth, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1980
- Wilson, Frances. The Ballad of Dorothy Wordsworth, Faber and Faber, 2008
External links
- Poems: In Two Volumes by William Wordsworth. Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1807
- The Well Wrought Urn: Studies in the Structure of Poetry by Cleanth Brooks and Paul Rand. Harcourt, Brace 1975 Шаблон:ISBN
- "Review of Poems, in Two Volumes by Francis Jeffrey, in Edinburgh Review, pp. 214–231, vol. XI, October 1807 – January 1808
- Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 in audio on Poetry Foundation
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