Английская Википедия:Composition of heated tobacco product emissions

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The composition of the emissions generated from heated tobacco products are generally lower than that found in cigarette smoke.[1] This is due to the comparatively low temperatures, the filter systems, and physical design.[1] The composition of what is produced is complex.[2] The main toxicants found in the emissions of cigarette smoke (i.e., tar, nicotine, carbonyl compounds, and nitrosamines) are also found in the emissions of these products in varying concentrations.[3] The aerosol generated contains levels of nicotine and cancer-causing chemicals that are comparable to regular cigarettes.[4] The emissions contained 84% of the nicotine found in regular cigarettes.[5]

The available research on the mainstream and exhaled aerosol generated by these products is limited, as of 2018.[6] They do not generate side-stream emissions.[6] The exhaled aerosol is highly volatile because it is made up of liquid particles that evaporate quickly.[6] The particle size of their emissions have a median aerodynamic diameter that is somewhat bigger than those found in cigarette smoke.[2] There is a lack of agreement on the composition of the emissions in the documented literature, as of 2018.Шаблон:Sfn These products, however, still pose health risks.[1] Lower levels of harmful emissions has been shown, but lowering the risk to the smoker who transitions to using them has not been shown, as of 2018.[2] As a result of the various types of heated tobacco products, the characteristics and effects for each type will be different.Шаблон:Sfn

Since the 1960s heated tobacco products were in development by tobacco companies.[7] Safer heated tobacco products that deliver nicotine but limit emissions of tar or carbon monoxide (CO) is a half-century old idea, which had been unsuccessfully market-tested since 1988, first as Premier by the RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR) and later as Eclipse (RJR) and Accord Philip Morris International (PMI).[8] Various heated products were reintroduced to the market, as of 2018.[9]

Introduction

Heated tobacco products are electronic devices that heat processed tobacco to supposedly deliver an aerosol with fewer toxicants than in cigarette smoke.[8] Commercially available heated tobacco systems like glo (produced by British American Tobacco (BAT)) or IQOS (Philip Morris International (PMI)) include a charger, a holder and tobacco sticks, plugs or capsules.[8] Inserted into the holder, tobacco sticks are heated with an electronically controlled heating element.[8] Other products, like Шаблон:Proper name from BAT or Ploom Tech from Japan Tobacco (JT), produce aerosol from a non-tobacco source and pass it through a tobacco plug to absorb flavor and nicotine.[8] Heated tobacco products aim for a niche between combustible tobacco smoking and electronic cigarettes that aerosolize nicotine suspended in humectants.[8]

Since the 1960s heated tobacco products were in development by tobacco companies.[7] Safer heated tobacco products that deliver nicotine but limit emissions of tar or carbon monoxide (CO) is a half-century-old idea, which had been unsuccessfully market-tested since 1988, first as Premier by the RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR) and later as Eclipse (RJR) and Accord (PMI).[8] As of 2018, various heated tobacco products were reintroduced to the market.[9] Japan, where manufacturers have marketed several heated tobacco brands since 2014, has been the focal national test market, with the intention of developing global marketing strategies.[10] According to a 2018 report, the launching of the latest incarnation of heated tobacco products is a reiteration of similar efforts in the past to use similar products to undermine tobacco control, particularly efforts that present the tobacco industry as a harm reduction partner.[11]

As of 2018, of the current heated tobacco products, IQOS was launched in several cities in Japan, Italy and Switzerland in 2014, Шаблон:Proper name was released in Romania in 2015 and Шаблон:Proper name and Ploom Tech were introduced to Japanese cities in 2016.[8] Due to regulations restricting the sale of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, Japan was a fertile market for heated tobacco producers, suggesting that the products have potential 'for explosive global growth'.[8] By 2017, IQOS was available in 30 countries and was being considered by United States Food and Drug Administration for a reduced-risk product approval, and the UK was one of the first countries to assign a separate taxation category for heated tobacco products.[8]

List of substances

Substances emitted exist as gases,[2] liquid droplets,[6] and particulate matter.Шаблон:Sfn

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See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Cigarettes

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  1. ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 Шаблон:Cite journalШаблон:CC-notice
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 Шаблон:Cite journal
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 Шаблон:Cite journal
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6 6,7 Шаблон:Cite journal
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
  8. ↑ 8,00 8,01 8,02 8,03 8,04 8,05 8,06 8,07 8,08 8,09 8,10 8,11 8,12 8,13 8,14 8,15 8,16 8,17 Шаблон:Cite journalШаблон:CC-notice
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite journalШаблон:CC-notice
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journalШаблон:CC-notice
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journalШаблон:CC-notice
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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