Английская Википедия:Computer network programming

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:One source

Шаблон:For

Computer network programming involves writing computer programs that enable processes to communicate with each other across a computer network.[1]

Connection-oriented and connectionless communications

Very generally, most of communications can be divided into connection-oriented, and connectionless. Whether a communication is connection-oriented or connectionless, is defined by the communication protocol, and not by Шаблон:Nowr. Examples of the connection-oriented protocols include Шаблон:Nowr and Шаблон:Nowr, and examples of connectionless protocols include Шаблон:Nowr, "raw IP", and Шаблон:Nowr.

Clients and servers

Шаблон:Main

For connection-oriented communications, communication parties usually have different roles. One party is usually waiting for incoming connections; this party is usually referred to as "server". Another party is the one which initiates connection; this party is usually referred to as "client".

For connectionless communications, one party ("server") is usually waiting for an incoming packet, and another party ("client") is usually understood as the one which sends an unsolicited packet to "server".

Popular protocols and APIs

Network programming traditionally covers different layers of OSI/ISO model (most of application-level programming belongs to L4 and up). The table below contains some examples of popular protocols belonging to different OSI/ISO layers, and popular APIs for them.

OSI/ISO Layer Protocol API
L3 (network) IP Raw socket
L4 (transport) TCP, UDP, SCTP Berkeley Sockets
L5 (session) TLS OpenSSL
L7 (application) HTTP Various

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist