Английская Википедия:Comune
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Italics title Шаблон:Infobox subdivision type
Regions (black borders)
Provinces (dark gray borders)
Шаблон:Lang (light grey borders)
A Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:IPA-it; Шаблон:Plural form: Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:IPA-it) is an administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality.[1] It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions (Шаблон:Lang) and provinces (Шаблон:Lang). The Шаблон:Lang can also have the [[City status in Italy|title of Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally).[2]
Formed Шаблон:Lang according to the principles consolidated in medieval municipalities,[3] the Шаблон:Lang is provided for by art. 114 of the Constitution of Italy.[4] It can be divided into Шаблон:Lang, which in turn may have limited power due to special elective assemblies.[5]
In the autonomous region of the Aosta Valley, a Шаблон:Lang is officially called a Шаблон:Lang in French.
Overview
The Шаблон:Lang provides essential public services: registry of births and deaths, registry of deeds, and maintenance of local roads and public works.[6][7][8] Many Шаблон:Lang have a Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally), which is responsible for public order duties.[9] The Шаблон:Lang also deal with the definition and compliance with the Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally), a document that regulates the building activity within the communal area.[10]
All communal structures or schools, sports and cultural structures such as communal libraries, theaters, etc. are managed by the Шаблон:Lang.[11] Шаблон:Lang must have their own communal statute and have a climatic and seismic classification of their territory for the purposes of hazard mitigation and civil protection.[12] Шаблон:Lang also deal with the waste management.[13]
It is headed by a mayor (Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang) assisted by a legislative body, the Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally), and an executive body, the Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally).[14] The mayor and members of the Шаблон:Lang are elected together by resident citizens: the coalition of the elected mayor (who needs a relative majority or an absolute majority in the first or second round of voting, depending on the population) gains three fifths of the Шаблон:Lang's seats.[15]
The Шаблон:Lang is chaired by the mayor, who appoints others members, called Шаблон:Lang, one of whom serves as deputy mayor (Шаблон:Lang).[16] The offices of the Шаблон:Lang are housed in a building usually called the Шаблон:Lang, or Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally).[17]
As of January 2021, there were 7,904 Шаблон:Lang in Italy;[18] they vary considerably in size and population. For example, the Шаблон:Lang of Rome, in Lazio, has an area of Шаблон:Convert and a population of 2,758,454 inhabitants, and is both the largest and the most populated.[19]
Atrani in the province of Salerno (Campania) was the smallest Шаблон:Lang by area, with only Шаблон:Convert,[20] and Morterone (Lombardy) is the smallest by population.[21] Many present-day Шаблон:Lang trace their roots along timescales spanning centuries and at times millennia.[22][23]
The northernmost Шаблон:Lang is Predoi, the southernmost one Lampedusa e Linosa, the westernmost Bardonecchia and the easternmost Otranto.[24] The Шаблон:Lang with the longest name is San Valentino in Abruzzo Citeriore,[25] while the Шаблон:Lang with the shortest name are Lu, Ro, Ne, Re and Vo'.[26]
The population density of the Шаблон:Lang varies widely by province and region. The province of Barletta-Andria-Trani, for example, has 381,091 inhabitants in 10 Шаблон:Lang,[27] or over 39,000 inhabitants per Шаблон:Lang; whereas the province of Isernia has 81,415 inhabitants in 52 Шаблон:Lang,[28] or 1,640 inhabitants per Шаблон:Lang – roughly 24 times more communal units per inhabitant.
The coats of arms of the Шаблон:Lang are assigned by decree of the Prime Minister of Italy by the Office of State Ceremonial and Honors, Honors and Heraldry Service (division of the Presidency of the Council born from the transformation of the Royal Шаблон:Lang, eliminated pursuant to the provisions final of the Constitution of Italy).[29]
Subdivisions
| Year | Number | Population | Pop/Шаблон:Lang |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1861 | 7,720 | 22,171,946 | 2,872 |
| 1871 | 8,383 | 27,295,509 | 3,256 |
| 1881 | 8,260 | 28,951,546 | 3,505 |
| 1901 | 8,263 | 32,963,316 | 3,989 |
| 1911 | 8,324 | 35,841,563 | 4,306 |
| 1921 | 9,195 | 39,396,757 | 4,285 |
| 1931 | 7,311 | 41,043,489 | 5,614 |
| 1936 | 7,339 | 42,398,489 | 5,777 |
| 1951 | 7,810 | 47,515,537 | 6,084 |
| 1961 | 8,035 | 50,623,569 | 6,300 |
| 1971 | 8,056 | 54,136,547 | 6,720 |
| 1981 | 8,086 | 56,556,911 | 6,994 |
| 1991 | 8,100 | 56,885,336 | 7,023 |
| 2001 | 8,101 | 56,995,744 | 7,036 |
| 2011 | 8,092 | 59,433,744 | 7,345 |
| 2021 | 7,904 | 59,236,213 | 7,494 |
Administrative subdivisions within Шаблон:Lang vary according to their population size.
Шаблон:Lang with at least 250,000 residents are divided into Шаблон:Lang[31] (roughly equivalent to French arrondissements or London boroughs) to which the Шаблон:Lang delegates administrative functions like the running of schools, social services and waste collection; the delegated functions vary from Шаблон:Lang to Шаблон:Lang. These bodies are headed by an elected president and a local council.
Smaller Шаблон:Lang usually comprise:
- A main city, town or village, that almost always gives its name to the Шаблон:Lang; such a place is referred to as the Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally; Шаблон:Abbrlink the French Шаблон:Lang) of the Шаблон:Lang; the word Шаблон:Lang is also used in casual speech to refer to the city hall.
- Outlying areas often called Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Singular: Шаблон:Lang, abbreviated: Шаблон:Lang; Шаблон:Literally), each usually centred on a small town or village. These Шаблон:Lang usually never had pasts as independent settlements, but occasionally are former smaller Шаблон:Lang consolidated into a larger one. They may also represent settlements which predate the Шаблон:Lang. The ancient town of Pollentia (today Pollenzo), for instance, is a Шаблон:Lang of Bra. In recent years the Шаблон:Lang have become more important due to the institution of the Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally), a local form of government which can interact with the Шаблон:Lang to address local needs, requests and claims. Even smaller places are called Шаблон:Lang (abbreviated: Шаблон:Lang; Шаблон:Literally).
- Smaller administrative divisions called Шаблон:Lang,[32] Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang or Шаблон:Lang, which are similar to districts and neighbourhoods.
Sometimes a Шаблон:Lang might be more populated than the Шаблон:Lang; and rarely, owing to unusual circumstances (like depopulation), the town hall and its administrative functions can be moved to one of the Шаблон:Lang, but the Шаблон:Lang still retains the name of the Шаблон:Lang.
In some cases, a Шаблон:Lang might not have the same name of Шаблон:Lang. In these cases, it is a Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally) and the Шаблон:Lang which hosts the town hall (Шаблон:Lang) is a Шаблон:Lang (compare county seat).
Homonymy
There are not many perfect homonymous Шаблон:Lang. There are only six cases in 12 Шаблон:Lang:[33]
- Calliano: Calliano, Piedmont and Calliano, Trentino
- Castro: Castro, Apulia and Castro, Lombardy
- Livo: Livo, Lombardy and Livo, Trentino
- Peglio: Peglio, Lombardy and Peglio, Marche
- Samone: Samone, Piedmont and Samone, Trentino
- San Teodoro: San Teodoro, Sardinia and San Teodoro, Sicily
This is mostly due to the fact the name of the province or region was appended to the name of the Шаблон:Lang in order to avoid the confusion. Two provincial capitals share the name Шаблон:Lang: Reggio nell'Emilia, the capital of the province of Reggio Emilia, in the Emilia-Romagna region, and Reggio di Calabria, the capital of the homonymous metropolitan city, in the Calabria region. Many other towns or villages are likewise partial homonyms (e.g. Anzola dell'Emilia and Anzola d'Ossola, or Bagnara Calabra and Bagnara di Romagna).
Title of city
The title of Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Literally) in Italy is granted to Шаблон:Lang that have been awarded it by decree of the King of Italy (until 1946) or of the provisional head of state (from 1946 to 1948) or, subsequently, of the President of the Republic (after 1948), on the proposal of the Ministry of the Interior, to which the Шаблон:Lang concerned sends an application for a concession, by virtue of their historical, artistic, civic or demographic importance.[2]
The Шаблон:Lang endowed with the title of Шаблон:Lang usually carry the golden crown above their coat of arms, except with different provisions in the decree approving the coat of arms or in the presence). "The crown of the city ([...]) is formed by a golden circle opened by eight city gates (five visible) with two cordoned walls on the margins, supporting eight towers (five visible) joined by curtain walls, all in gold and black walled."[34]
Statistics
Largest Шаблон:Lang by area
The following is a list of the largest Шаблон:Lang in Italy, in descending order of surface area, according to ISTAT data referring to 9 October 2011.[35] The provincial capitals are highlighted in bold.
Smallest Шаблон:Lang by area
The following is a list of the smallest Шаблон:Lang in Italy, in ascending order of surface area, according to ISTAT data referring to 9 October 2011.[35]
Highest Шаблон:Lang by altitude
The following is a list of the first Шаблон:Lang by altitude, in descending order.[36] The indicated altitude coincides with the height above sea level of the town hall.
Largest Шаблон:Lang by population
List of the first Шаблон:Lang by population in descending order, according to ISTAT data updated to 28 February 2022.[37] The regional capitals are in bold.
Шаблон:Lang by demographic ranges
The data is updated as of 1 January 2021.[38]
| Demographic range | Шаблон:Lang | Population | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Residents | % | |
| more than 500 000 inhab. | 6 | 0.08% | 7 170 310 | 12.10% |
| from 250 000 to 499 999 inhab. | 6 | 0.08% | 1 874 966 | 3.16% |
| from 100 000 to 249 999 inhab. | 32 | 0.40% | 4 749 945 | 8.02% |
| from 60 000 to 99 999 inhab. | 58 | 0.73% | 4 446 634 | 7.50% |
| from 20 000 to 59 999 inhab. | 404 | 5.11% | 13 253 362 | 22.37% |
| from 10 000 to 19 999 inhab. | 698 | 8.83% | 9 662 013 | 16.31% |
| from 5000 to 9999 inhab. | 1,179 | 14.92% | 8 331 631 | 14.06% |
| from 3000 to 4999 inhab. | 1,087 | 13.75% | 4 222 171 | 7.13% |
| from 2000 to 2999 inhab. | 921 | 11.65% | 2 258 907 | 3.81% |
| from 1000 to 1999 inhab. | 1,520 | 19.23% | 2 213 443 | 3.74% |
| from 500 to 999 inhab. | 1,101 | 13.93% | 811 919 | 1.37% |
| less than 500 inhab. | 892 | 11.29% | 262 265 | 0.44% |
| Total | 7904 | 100.00% | 59 257 566 | 100.00% |
Demographic ranges by macroregion
The data is updated as of 1 January 2021.[38]
| Demographic range | Number of Шаблон:Lang | Resident population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North | Centre | South | North | Centre | South | |
| more than 500 000 inhab. | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 804 841 | 2 783 809 | 1 581 660 |
| from 250 000 to 499 999 inhab. | 3 | 1 | 2 | 907 910 | 359 755 | 607 301 |
| from 100 000 to 249 999 inhab. | 17 | 5 | 10 | 2 503 474 | 749 523 | 1 496 948 |
| from 60 000 to 99 999 inhab. | 16 | 16 | 26 | 1 289 906 | 1 253 707 | 1 903 021 |
| from 20 000 to 59 999 inhab. | 158 | 78 | 168 | 4 974 716 | 2 647 385 | 5 631 261 |
| from 10 000 to 19 999 inhab. | 353 | 115 | 230 | 4 824 497 | 1 655 230 | 3 182 286 |
| from 5000 to 9999 inhab. | 672 | 155 | 352 | 4 723 268 | 1 139 230 | 2 469 133 |
| from 3000 to 4999 inhab. | 620 | 141 | 326 | 2 404 254 | 549 864 | 1 268 053 |
| from 2000 to 2999 inhab. | 501 | 100 | 320 | 1 229 705 | 242 581 | 786 621 |
| from 1000 to 1999 inhab. | 793 | 182 | 545 | 1 155 222 | 270 306 | 787 915 |
| from 500 to 999 inhab. | 627 | 110 | 364 | 458 324 | 82 312 | 271 283 |
| less than 500 inhab. | 622 | 64 | 206 | 175 415 | 19 431 | 67 419 |
| Total | 4385 | 968 | 2551 | 27 451 532 | 11 753 133 | 20 052 901 |
See also
- Regions of Italy
- Metropolitan cities of Italy
- Provinces of Italy
- List of municipalities of Italy
- List of renamed municipalities in Italy
- Alphabetical list of municipalities of Italy
- Fusion of municipalities of Italy
- Municipalities of Switzerland – those in Italian-speaking areas of the country are called Шаблон:Lang
References
External links
- Associazione Nazionale Comuni Italiani Шаблон:In lang
- Шаблон:Commons category-inline
- Шаблон:Wiktionary-inline
Шаблон:Italy topics Шаблон:Articles on third-level administrative divisions of countries Шаблон:Types of administrative country subdivision
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:In lang Complete list and infos on Comuni-italiani.it
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 35,0 35,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 38,0 38,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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