Английская Википедия:Confederation Liberty and Independence

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Pp Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox political party The Confederation Liberty and Independence (Шаблон:Lang-pl), frequently shortened to just Confederation (Шаблон:Lang), is a far-right political alliance in Poland. It was initially founded in 2018 as a political coalition for the 2019 European Parliament election in Poland, although it was later expanded into a political party in order to circumvent the 8% vote threshold for coalitions to enter the national parliament. It won 11 seats in the Sejm after the 2019 Polish parliamentary election. Its candidate for the 2020 Polish presidential election was Krzysztof Bosak, who placed fourth among eleven candidates.

A coalition mainly led by New Hope, the National Movement, and the Confederation of the Polish Crown, it is right-wing oriented and is considered to be a part of the radical right. It has expressed right-wing populist rhetoric and a more hardline opposition stance towards the European Union and immigration. It is economically liberal and has called for lowering taxes, and has also expressed socially conservative and Polish nationalist stances.

History

Two political parties, KORWiN and National Movement, announced in late 2018 that they had decided to run together in the 2019 European Parliament election in Poland. In early 2019, Grzegorz Braun's organization and Piotr Krzysztof Liroy-Marzec's party joined the coalition. Kaja Godek, an ultraconservative activist, announced that she would join the list. The coalition was initially dubbed the Pro-Polish Coalition. By late February 2019, it was changed to Konfederacja Korwin Braun Liroy Narodowcy. In March 2019, an application was submitted to register the party under that name, and the Federation for the Republic of Poland soon joined the alliance including some representatives. Its name was changed again, this time to Confederation. The Party of Drivers joined the coalition in April, and soon after they elected Marek Jakubiak as the chairman. The Confederation placed fourth in the 2019 European Parliament election, winning 4.55% of the popular vote, although it did not reach the electoral threshold. After the election, Braun applied for the registration of the Confederation of the Polish Crown.

The coalition was registered on 25 July 2019 under the name Confederation Liberty and Independence. Godek left the coalition soon after. Shortly before the 2019 Polish parliamentary election, a schism occurred in the coalition, with many representatives joining the coalition while some of them also left. The coalition ended up winning 6.81% of the popular vote and won 11 seats in the Sejm. Most of the support the party received was in southeast and northern parts of Poland. Around 20% of all young voters aged under-30 supported the grouping, about two-thirds of its voters were male, and more than three-fifths lived in smaller towns and rural areas. This has been highlighted as a significant change from previous right-wing alliances involving Korwin-Mikke where the base of support was almost exclusively young males. In November 2019, they presented nine candidates that took part in the 2019–20 Confederation presidential primary. The winner of the presidential primary was Krzysztof Bosak, who became the coalition candidate for the 2020 Polish presidential election. During the first round of the election, Bosak received 1,317,380 votes or 6.78%, coming fourth among eleven candidates.

In 2022, serious internal splits emerged as a result of Janusz Korwin-Mikke's pro-Russian and Ukrainophobic stances in light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, causing several members to renounce their KORWiN memberships, albeit remaining within the coalition. Ahead of the 2023 Polish parliamentary election, they were considered possible kingmakers. Bosak, one of Confederation's leaders, said: "Confederation has no intention of prolonging PiS's power or facilitating Tusk's return to power. The majority of our voters do not want this." Korwin-Mikke, a former member of the European Parliament who is running for the party from the Warsaw region in 2023, has a history of sexist statements about women. He said: "I am against voting rights for women. This is biology. A woman at the age of 55, when estrogen stops working, reaches the age when she can finally vote." Ryszard Zajączkowski, a university professor and one of the coalition's candidates, said that Poles were subjected to what he described as genocide "at the hands of Jews working together with communists" after World War II, and said that communism is worse than fascism. He said: "Compared to which the Auschwitz camp could be called a holiday camp." In October 2023, Korwin-Mikke was suspended from the party and was removed as a candidate for the 2023 Polish parliamentary election.

Ideology and position

The Confederation is a right-wing orientated political alliance, and it is positioned on the far right on the political spectrum. It is also considered to be a part of the radical right, although someШаблон:Specify have disputed that it does not contain all elements of the radical right.

Its ideology includes support for numerous right-wing populist ideas. It has presented a hardline opposition stance to the European Union, and has criticized its and Law and Justice's policies towards immigration, calling for harder stances against illegal immigration instead. It is also socially conservative, and anti-feminist, it also supports total ban on abortion, and supports the traditional family model. It has also expressed xenophobic views, and has openly provided support for antisemitism. When it first ran in the 2019 European Parliament election, Sławomir Mentzen said: "We don't want Jews, homosexuals, abortion, taxes and the European Union." He has since tried to distance himself from this. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it has also spread misinformation about COVID-19 and opposed laws that were implemented by the government.

Unlike the Law and Justice, its economic position is orientated towards economic liberalism, and it is considered strongly pro-free market. It is Polish nationalist, and has also been described as national-liberal. In its program, they have stated their goal "to turn Poland into a ethnocracy and culturally homogenous nation built around traditionalist-Catholic principles". It has also expressed nativist sentiment.

Platform

Confederation's platform includes the following promises, as well as others:

• Taxation
  • Eliminate the income tax
  • Make social insurance contributions optional
  • Reduce gasoline taxes
  • Reduce government spending
• Judicial
  • Hire more judges' assistants
  • Restore capital punishment
• Education
  • Create a school voucher program
  • Allow parents to opt-out their children from sex-education classes
  • Create a cultural voucher that can be used on arts or museums
• National Security
  • Allow licensed civilians to own firearms
  • Allow the use of nuclear energy
  • Oppose the European Union's refugee resettlement program
  • Oppose increases in immigration
  • Expect immigrants to integrate into Polish culture
• Health
  • Ban importation of garbage
  • Oppose the European Union's climate change rules
  • Protect human life from the moment of conception
• Business
  • Abolish penalties for street trade and raise the limits on unlicensed trade.
  • Raise the VAT exemption to zl 400,000
  • Index the tax exempt amount to be approximately twelve times the minimum wage
  • Allow businesses to refuse services on moral grounds

Composition

Current political parties

Name		Ideology	Position	Leader	MPs	Senators	MEPs	Sejmiks	Entry
	National Movement	Шаблон:Nowrap	Far-right	Krzysztof Bosak	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	6 December 2018
	New Hope	Paleolibertarianism Libertarian conservatism	Right-wing to far-right	Sławomir Mentzen	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	6 December 2018
	Confederation of the Polish Crown	Monarchism Traditionalism	Far-right	Grzegorz Braun	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	7 January 2019
	Union of Christian Families	Шаблон:Nowrap	Far-right	Bogusław Rogalski	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	13 August 2019
	National League	National democracy Polish nationalism	Far-right	Zbigniew Lipiński	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar	5 September 2019

Current organisations and movements

Name		Ideology	Position	Leader	Type	Entry
	Agrarian-Consumer Confederation	Agrarianism, free-market economy		Krzysztof Tołwiński	Informal organisation	29 November 2019
	All-Polish Youth	Catholic nationalism, ultra-nationalism, anti-LGBT	Far-right	Marcin Kowalski	Political youth movement	6 December 2018
	Conservative-Monarchist Club	Traditionalist conservatism, monarchism, Catholic nationalism, counter-revolutionary, integralist conservatism, anti-democracy	Far-right	Adam Wielomski	Philosophical and journalistic organisation	7 January 2019
	Polish Peasant Bloc	Agrarianism, conservatism		Wojciech Mojzesowicz	Informal organisation	6 December 2018

Former political parties

Name		Ideology	Position	Leader	Entry	Exit
	Federation for the Republic of Poland (pl)	Social conservatism, Political Catholicism, Economic liberalism	Far-right	Marek Jakubiak	6 March 2019	28 June 2019
	Effective (pl)	Шаблон:Nowrap		Piotr "Liroy" Marzec	1 September 2018	28 June 2019
	Wolnościowcy	Libertarianism	Right-wing	Artur Dziambor	17 March 2022	13 February 2023
	Party of Drivers	Right-wing populism Anti-bureaucratism Anti-environmentalism	Right-wing	Lech Kędzierski	19 December 2022	10 April 2019

Political parties who had members with individual agreements

Name		Ideology	Position	Leader*	Election	Notes
	Free and Solidary	Шаблон:Nowrap	Right-wing to far-right	Kornel Morawiecki	2019 Polish parliamentary election	4 party members were candidates for Piotr Liroy-Marzec's Efficient political party electoral committee in Constituency № 35 (Olsztyn) whilst the rest of the party, including its entire parliamentary club, were on Law and Justice's electoral lists.
	Congress of the New Right	Шаблон:Nowrap	Right-wing	Stanisław Żółtek	2019 Polish parliamentary election	Used Federation for the Republic of Poland's electoral lists, which in turn were in agreement with the Right Wing of the Republic, and fielded candidates in the Kraków constituencies.
	League of Polish Families	Political Catholicism	Right-wing to far-right	Witold Bałażak	2019 Polish parliamentary election	Despite being loosely affiliated with the Polish Coalition, they fielded only 1 candidate in Kraków from their electoral lists, whereas 2 other candidates used Confederation's electoral lists.
	National Unity (pl)	Шаблон:Nowrap	Far-right	Gabriel Janowski	2019 Polish parliamentary election	Vice-chair of the party Paweł Połanecki was a candidate for Piotr Liroy-Marzec's Efficient political party electoral committee in the Kielce constituency, as no.2 on the list behind Piotr Liroy-Marzec himself.
*At the time in question

Former parties, organisations and movements

Name		Ideology	Position	Leader	Type	Entry	Exit
	Life and Family Foundation	Шаблон:Nowrap	Far-right	Kaja Godek	Lobbyist foundation, social activist group	28 January 2019	9 August 2019

Results

European Parliament

Election Year	Votes	%	Rank	Seats
2019	621,188	4.6	4th	Шаблон:Composition bar

Sejm

Election year	Votes	%	Rank	Seats
2019	1,256,953	6.8	5th	Шаблон:Composition bar
2023	1,547,364	7.16	5th	Шаблон:Composition bar

Senate

Election year	Votes	%	Rank	Seats
2019	144,124	0.8	6th	Шаблон:Composition bar
2023	1,443,836	6.75	6th	Шаблон:Composition bar

Presidential

Election year	Candidate	1st round		2nd round
		No. of overall votes	% of overall vote	No. of overall votes	% of overall vote
2020	Krzysztof Bosak	1,317,380	6.8 (4th)

Internal

Year	Election type	Affiliation		Final Candidate	Number of initial candidates	Number of rounds	Final round
							Electoral vote	Percentage
2019–20	American-style presidential primary	style="width:2px;background:Шаблон:Party color;" |	RN	Bosak	9	1x 16 regional preliminaries 7x convention elimination	163	51.9%
		style="width:2px;background:Шаблон:Party color;" |	KKP	Braun			146	46.5%

See also

• Kukiz'15
• United Right