Английская Википедия:Congressional Progressive Caucus
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Pp Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox political party The Congressional Progressive Caucus (CPC) is a congressional caucus affiliated with the Democratic Party in the United States Congress.[1] The CPC represents the furthest left-leaning faction of the Democratic Party.[2][3] It was founded in 1991 and has grown since then, becoming the largest Democratic caucus in the House of Representatives.
As of November 2023, the CPC has 101 members (99 voting Representatives, 1 non-voting Delegate, and 1 Senator), making it the largest ideological caucus in the Democratic Party (larger than the New Democrat Coalition) and the second largest ideological caucus overall (after the Republican Study Committee). The CPC is chaired by U.S. Representative Pramila Jayapal (D-WA).
History
The CPC was established in 1991 by U.S. Representatives Ron Dellums (D-CA), Lane Evans (D-IL), Thomas Andrews (D-ME), Peter DeFazio (D-OR), Maxine Waters (D-CA) and Bernie Sanders (I-VT). Additional Representatives joined soon thereafter, including Major Owens (D-NY), Nydia Velázquez (D-NY), David Bonior (D-MI), Bob Filner (D-CA), Barney Frank (D-MA), Maurice Hinchey (D-NY), Jim McDermott (D-WA), Jerry Nadler (D-NY), Patsy Mink (D-HI), George Miller (D-CA), Pete Stark (D-CA), John Olver (D-MA), and Lynn Woolsey (D-CA). Sanders was the first CPC Chairman.[4]
The founding CPC members were concerned about the economic hardship imposed by the deepening recession and the growing inequality brought about by the timidity of the Democratic Party response in the early 1990s. On January 3, 1995, at a standing room only news conference on Capitol Hill, they were the first group inside Congress to chart a comprehensive legislative alternative to U.S. Speaker Newt Gingrich and the Republican Contract with America. The CPC's agenda was framed as "The Progressive Promise: Fairness".[5]
List of chairs
| Term start | Term end | Chair(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 1999 | Rep. Bernie Sanders (I-VT)
| |
| 1999 | 2003 | Rep. Dennis Kucinich (D-OH)
| |
| 2003 | 2005 | Rep. Peter DeFazio (D-OR)
| |
| 2005 | 2009 | Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA) | Rep. Lynn Woolsey (D-CA) |
| 2009 | 2011 | Rep. Raúl Grijalva (D-AZ) | |
| 2011 | 2017 | Rep. Keith Ellison (D-MN) | |
| 2017 | 2019 | Rep. Mark Pocan (D-WI) | |
| 2019 | 2021 | Rep. Pramila Jayapal (D-WA) | |
| 2021 | present | Rep. Pramila Jayapal (D-WA)
| |
Policy positions
Шаблон:Social democracy sidebar Шаблон:Modern liberalism in the United States sidebar The CPC advocates "a universal, high-quality, Medicare for All health care system for all", living wage laws, reductions in military expenditure, a crackdown on corporate greed, putting an end to mass incarceration, supporting and implementing swift measures to start reversing climate change, immigration policies that are humane, and reparations.[6]
Economy
In April 2011, the CPC released a proposed "People's Budget" for fiscal year 2012.[7] Two of its proponents stated: "By implementing a fair tax code, by building a resilient American economy, and by bringing our troops home, we achieve a budget surplus of over $30 billion by 2021 and we end up with a debt that is less than 65% of our GDP. This is what sustainability looks like".[8]
In 2019, the Democratic-controlled House of Representatives passed H.R.582, The Raise the Wage Act,[9] which would have gradually raised the minimum wage to $15 per hour. It was not taken up in the Republican-controlled Senate. In January 2021, Democrats in the Senate and House of Representatives reintroduced the bill.[10] In February 2021, the Congressional Budget Office released a report on the Raise the Wage Act of 2021 which estimated that incrementally raising the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2025 would benefit 17 million workers, but would also reduce employment by 1.4 million people.[11][12][13] On February 27, 2021, the Democratic-controlled House passed the American Rescue Plan pandemic relief package, which included a gradual minimum wage increase to $15 per hour.[14] The measure was ultimately removed from the Senate version of the bill.[15]
Health care
The Medicare for All Act is a bill first introduced in the United States House of Representatives by Representative John Conyers (D-MI) in 2003, with 38 co-sponsors.[16][17] In 2019, the original 16-year-old proposal was renumbered, and Pramila Jayapal (D-WA) introduced a broadly similar, but more detailed, bill,[18] HR 1384, in the 116th Congress.[19] Шаблон:As of, it had 116 co-sponsors still in the House at the time, or 49.8% of House Democrats.[20]
The act would establish a universal single-payer health care system in the United States, the rough equivalent of Canada's Medicare and Taiwan's Bureau of National Health Insurance, among other examples. Under a single-payer system, most medical care would be paid for by the federal government, ending the need for private health insurance and premiums, and re-casting private insurance companies as providing purely supplemental coverage, to be used when non-essential care is sought. The national system would be paid for in part through taxes replacing insurance premiums, but also by savings realized through the provision of preventive universal health care and the elimination of insurance company overhead and hospital billing costs.[21] On September 13, 2017, Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT) introduced a parallel bill in the United States Senate, with 16 co-sponsors.[22][23][24] The act would establish a universal single-payer health care system in the United States.[21]
In 2019, the CPC challenged House Speaker Nancy Pelosi regarding the details of a drug-pricing bill, the Elijah Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act.[25] The final version was the result of extensive negotiations between House Democratic leadership and members of the CPC.[26] The bill was introduced into the House of Representatives on September 19, 2019, during the 116th Congress by Rep. Frank Pallone (D-NJ).[17] The bill received 106 co-sponsors.[27] It passed the House on December 12, 2019, by a vote of (230-192). All Democrats voted for the measure, and all but 2 Republicans voted against it. The bill was then sent to the Senate. The Senate, having been controlled by Republicans, did not bring the bill up for a vote.
Abortion rights
During the 117th United States Congress congresswoman Judy Chu (CA-27) introduced the Women's Health Protection Act. The act would expand abortion rights and codify Roe v. Wade. It was introduced in response to the Texas Heartbeat Act. It passed House of Representatives (218–211), but was defeated in the Senate on a 46–48 vote in February 2022.[28][29]
Climate change
A prominent 2019 attempt to get legislation passed for a Green New Deal was sponsored by Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY) and Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA) during the 116th United States Congress, though it failed to advance in the Senate.[30] Green New Deal proposals call for public policy to address climate change along with achieving other social aims like job creation and reducing economic inequality. The name refers back to the New Deal, a set of social and economic reforms and public works projects undertaken by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression.[31] The Green New Deal combines Roosevelt's economic approach with modern ideas such as renewable energy and resource efficiency.[32][33]
LGBT rights
In July 2022, the House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerrold Nadler (D-NY), Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-CA), Congressional LGBTQ+ Equality Caucus Chairman David Cicilline (D-RI), Senator Tammy Baldwin (D-WI) and Senator Susan Collins (R-ME) announced the re-introduction of the Respect for Marriage Act, which was revised to include protections for interracial marriages to codify Loving v. Virginia.[34] The Act passed the House (267–157) on July 19, 2022, with 47 Republicans joining all Democrats in voting in the affirmative.[35]
The Senate considered the bill, but it was initially unclear if it would receive enough votes to end debate. On November 14, 2022, a group of bipartisan senators, including Rob Portman (R-OH), Kyrsten Sinema (D-AZ), Thom Tillis (R-NC), Tammy Baldwin (D-WI), and Susan Collins (R-ME) announced they had reached an amendment compromise to include language for religious protections and clarify that the bill did not legalize polygamous marriage.[36] The amendment specifies that nonprofit religious organizations will not be required to provide services for the solemnization or celebration of a marriage.[37] Shortly after, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer announced the Respect for Marriage Act would be put up for a full vote.[38]
On November 16, 2022, the Senate invoked cloture on the motion to proceed (62–37) to the amended bill.[39] All 50 Democratic senators and 12 Republicans (Roy Blunt, Richard Burr, Shelley Moore Capito, Susan Collins, Joni Ernst, Cynthia Lummis, Lisa Murkowski, Rob Portman, Mitt Romney, Dan Sullivan, Thom Tillis, and Todd Young) voted in favor of advancing the bill.[37] On November 29, 2022, the Senate voted 61–36 to pass the bill.[40] Voting in favor of the bill were 49 Democrats and the same 12 Republicans who had voted to advance it. Two Republicans (Ben Sasse and Patrick Toomey) and one Democrat (Raphael Warnock, who co-sponsored the bill) did not vote.[41]
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
In October 2022, 30 members of the caucus urged the Biden administration to seek a negotiated, diplomatic end to the Russian invasion of Ukraine while advocating for continued economic and military support to Ukraine.[42][43]
The next day, after a wave of criticism, the letter was swiftly withdrawn on the basis that peaceful negotiations with Putin in current situation are "nearly impossible". Jayapal reasserted the Democrats' support for Ukraine and said the letter had been drafted several months ago and "released by staff without vetting."[44]
Electoral results
Membership
All members are Democrats or caucus with the Democratic Party. In the 118th Congress, there are currently 101 declared Progressives, including 99 voting Representatives, one non-voting member and one Senator.[45] Representative Jennifer McClellan (VA-4) joined the caucus after assuming office in March 2023 while Representative David Cicilline (RI-1) resigned from the House on May 31, 2023 and Representative Lois Frankel (FL-22) left the caucus on November 20, 2023.[46]
Senate members
| State | Party | CPVI[47] | Member |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vermont | nowrap Шаблон:Party shading/Independent (United States) | Шаблон:Center | nowrap Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | D+16 | Шаблон:Sortname |
House members
Notes
See also
- Democratic Socialists of America
- Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)
- Progressive Democrats of America
- The Squad (United States Congress)
- Progressivism in the United States
References
External links
Шаблон:Ideological caucuses in the U.S. Congress Шаблон:Democratic Party (United States) Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web "[T]he Congressional Progressive Caucus, the umbrella group for left-leaning Democratic members of Congress".
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Summary: H.R.582 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) congress.gov
- ↑ "Democrats introduce bill to hike federal minimum wage to $15 per hour", CNBC, January 16, 2019.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ "American Rescue Plan: What's in the House's $1.9 trillion coronavirus relief plan", Washington Post, February 27, 2021.
- ↑ "Senate passes $1.9 trillion Biden relief bill after voting overnight on amendments, sends measure back to House", Washington Post, March 6, 2021.
- ↑ Шаблон:USBill
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 "House Reps Introduce Medicare-for-All Bill" Becker's Hospital Review, Feb. 14, 2013
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 21,0 21,1 Шаблон:Cite news
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- ↑ Jeremy Lovell (July 21, 2008) "Climate report calls for green 'New Deal'" Шаблон:Webarchive, Reuters.
- ↑ A Green New Deal: Discursive Review and Appraisal. Шаблон:Webarchive Macroeconomics: Aggregative Models eJournal. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). Accessed March 14, 2019.
- ↑ Hilary French, Michael Renner and Gary Gardner: Toward a Transatlantic Green New Deal Шаблон:Webarchive The authors state: "Support is growing around the world for an integrated response to the current economic and environmental crises, increasingly referred to as the "Green New Deal". The term is a modern-day variation of the U.S. New Deal, an ambitious effort launched by President Franklin Roosevelt to lift the United States out of the Great Depression. The New Deal of that era entailed a strong government role in economic planning and a series of stimulus packages launched between 1933 and 1938 that created jobs through ambitious governmental programs, including the construction of roads, trails, dams, and schools. Today's Green New Deal proposals are also premised on the importance of decisive governmental action, but incorporate policies to respond to pressing environmental challenges through a new paradigm of sustainable economic progress."
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 37,0 37,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Wang, Amy B; Abutaleb, Yasmeen; and Sotomayor, Marianna (October 25, 2022) "Liberal Democrats withdraw letter to Biden that urged him to rethink Ukraine strategy" The Washington Post
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 47,0 47,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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