Английская Википедия:Congressional Space Medal of Honor

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox award

Файл:Armstrong Awarded Space Medal of Honor - GPN-2000-001863.jpg
Neil Armstrong being awarded the first medal by President Jimmy Carter in 1978, with subsequent recipients Borman and Conrad seated.

The Congressional Space Medal of Honor was authorized by the United States Congress in 1969 to recognize "any astronaut who in the performance of his or her duties has distinguished himself or herself by exceptionally meritorious efforts and contributions to the welfare of the Nation and mankind".[1] It's awarded by the President of the United States in Congress's name on recommendations from the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The award is a separate decoration from the Medal of Honor, which is a military award for extreme bravery and gallantry in combat.

While the Congressional Space Medal of Honor is a civilian award of the United States government, it is authorized as a non-military decoration for display on U.S. military uniforms because it is awarded by a federal agency. In such cases, the Congressional Space Medal of Honor is worn as a ribbon "immediately preceding the Prisoner of War Medal".[2] DoD policy specifically prohibits wear of any non-military awards for valor or service, but the Congressional Space Medal of Honor only recognizes meritorious achievement, so it does not fall under this prohibition.[3]

To be awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, an astronaut must perform feats of extraordinary accomplishment while participating in space flight under the authority of NASA. Typically, the Congressional Space Medal of Honor is awarded for scientific discoveries or actions of tremendous benefit to mankind. The decoration may also be awarded for extreme bravery during a space emergency or in preventing a major space disaster, or posthumously to those astronauts who die while performing a U.S. space mission. Шаблон:As of, all 17 astronauts killed on US missions had been awarded the medal.

President George W. Bush awarded the most CSMOH with 16; 14 of them posthumous for crews of the two destroyed space shuttle flights, Challenger and Columbia. President Joe Biden awarded the CSMOH to Crew Dragon Demo-2 members Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken on January 31, 2023. The 16-year hiatus from April 2006 to January 2023 is the longest gap between awards.

Recipients

The medal has been awarded to 28 astronauts, of which 17 were made posthumously for those who died preparing for or during an American spaceflight. Of those 17, three died in the Apollo 1 fire, seven died in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, and seven in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. Four of the twelve moonwalkers received the medal (Armstrong, Conrad, Shepard, and Young), but only Neil Armstrong for his lunar mission. The New Nine class of U.S. astronauts (the second group of astronauts selected by NASA) has the most recipients of the medal, with seven. Second is NASA Astronaut Group 8 which received five awards, four for astronauts killed in the Challenger Disaster (Шаблон:Sortname is the only Group 8 astronaut to receive the award who was not killed in the Challenger Disaster).

Seven recipients are living, four over 80 years old. Frank Borman was the last remaining of the first six recipients of the CSMOH in 1978.

In the table below, an asterisk indicates a posthumous award.

Photo Name Date Awarded by Notes Ref(s)
Neil Armstrong Шаблон:Sortname (1930–2012) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Apollo 11 (Commander of the first lunar landing, first man to walk on the Moon) [1][4]
Frank Borman Шаблон:Sortname (1928–2023) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Apollo 8 (Commander of the first lunar orbit) [1][5]
Pete Conrad Шаблон:Sortname (1930–1999) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Skylab 2 (first Skylab Commander; responsible for salvaging the critically malfunctioning station) [1][6]
John Glenn Шаблон:Sortname (1921–2016) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Mercury-Atlas 6 (first American in orbit) [1][7]
Gus Grissom Шаблон:Sortname* (1926–1967) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Mercury-Redstone 4, Gemini 3 (spacecraft commander of the first manned Gemini mission), Apollo 1 (spacecraft commander); died aboard Apollo 1 [1][8]
Alan Shepard Шаблон:Sortname (1923–1998) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Mercury-Redstone 3 (first American in space) [1][9]
John Young Шаблон:Sortname (1930–2018) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Commander of STS-1, the first Space Shuttle mission [1][10]
Thomas Stafford Шаблон:Sortname (1930–) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (U.S. Commander) [1][11]
James Lovell Шаблон:Sortname (1928–) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Apollo 13 (Commander of the ill-fated mission) [1][12]
Shannon Lucid Шаблон:Sortname (1943–) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Longest female spaceflight (passed by Sunita Williams) [1][13]
Roger Chaffee Шаблон:Sortname* (1935–1967) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Died aboard Apollo 1 [1][14]
Edward White Шаблон:Sortname* (1930–1967) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Gemini 4 (first U.S. space walk) and Apollo 1; died aboard Apollo 1 [1][14]
William Shepherd Шаблон:Sortname (1949–) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Expedition 1 (first ISS Commander) [1][15]
Rick Husband Шаблон:Sortname* (1957–2003) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-107 (died aboard Columbia) [1][16]
Willie McCool Шаблон:Sortname* (1961–2003) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-107 (died aboard Columbia) [1][16]
Michael Anderson Шаблон:Sortname* (1959–2003) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-107 (died aboard Columbia) [1][16]
Kalpana Chawla Шаблон:Sortname* (1962–2003) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-107 (died aboard Columbia) [1][16]
David Brown Шаблон:Sortname* (1956–2003) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-107 (died aboard Columbia) [1][16]
Laurel Clark Шаблон:Sortname* (1961–2003) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-107 (died aboard Columbia) [1][16]
Ilan Ramon Шаблон:Sortname* (1954–2003) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-107 (died aboard Columbia, only non-U.S. citizen recipient) [1][17]
Dick Schobee Шаблон:Sortname* (1939–1986) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-51-L (died aboard Challenger) [1][18]
Michael Smith Шаблон:Sortname* (1945–1986) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-51-L (died aboard Challenger) [1][18]
Judith Resnik Шаблон:Sortname* (1949–1986) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-51-L (died aboard Challenger) [1][18]
Ronald McNair Шаблон:Sortname* (1950–1986) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-51-L (died aboard Challenger) [1][18]
Ellison Onizuka Шаблон:Sortname* (1946–1986) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-51-L (died aboard Challenger) [1][18]
Greg Jarvis Шаблон:Sortname* (1944–1986) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-51-L (died aboard Challenger) [1][18]
Christa McAuliffe Шаблон:Sortname* (1948–1986) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-51-L (died aboard Challenger, teacher) [1][18]
Robert Crippen Шаблон:Sortname (1937–) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname STS-1 (first Space Shuttle flight, Pilot) [1][19]
Doug Hurley Шаблон:Sortname (1966–) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Crew Dragon Demo-2 (first Astronaut crew into orbit aboard commercial vehicle, Commander) [20]
Bob Behnken Шаблон:Sortname (1970–) Шаблон:Dts Шаблон:Sortname Crew Dragon Demo-2 (first Astronaut crew into orbit aboard commercial vehicle, Pilot) [20]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Congressional Space Medal of Honor Шаблон:NASA decorations

Шаблон:Use American English

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  1. ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,17 1,18 1,19 1,20 1,21 1,22 1,23 1,24 1,25 1,26 1,27 1,28 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ DoDI 1348.33, Dec. 21, 2016, Change 5, Apr. 9, 2021, Sec. 11: https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/134833p.pdf
  3. ↑ DoDI 1348.33, Dec. 21, 2016, Change 5, Apr. 9, 2021, Sec. 11(a)
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 16,2 16,3 16,4 16,5 Шаблон:Cite book
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 18,3 18,4 18,5 18,6 Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ 20,0 20,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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